Unit 16

UNIT 16: FILM
AND VIDEO
EDITING
TECHNIQUES
Author: Sally Pickford 2015
LEARNING OUTCOMES
Understandthe developmentandprinciplesof editing.
L3 BTEC Certificate
Creative MediaProduction[TV andFilm]

Unit 16: Film and Video Editing Techniques
Section 1: Understand the development and principles of editing.
Learning Objective 1: Understand the development and principles of
editing.
You must have an understanding of the following: in-camera editing; following
the action; multiple points of view; shot variation; manipulation of diegetic time
and space; film, video; analogue; digital
Research question 1: Can you name some of the pioneers of film making
in the late 19th
Century and early 20th
Century? Why were they
pioneers?
Early pioneers of film
making.
Why were they
considered film
pioneers?
Examples of their film
production with
images and
references.
Thomas Edison
[American inventor]
The Lumiere Bros
[French inventors]
R.W Paul [English
electrician]
Cecil Hepworth [British
film director]

Edwin Porter
[American producer and
director]
Georges Méliès
[French illusionist and
film maker]
D.W Griffith
[American Film Director]
Research question 2: Can you list some examples of early film
production? Include screen shots where necessary. Why are these good
examples?
Give early examples of
film production.
Discuss why these were good examples
and detail specific scenes/shots which are
interesting and demonstrate pioneering
developments.
Come Along, Do! (1898)
https://www.youtube.com/w
atch?v=Sbje9K0KsBQ
Come along, do! Is a good example by
Robert.W.Paul as it established continuity
within a sequence involving action from shot to
shot.
A Trip to the Moon (1902)
atch?v=_FrdVdKlxUk
Established the jump cut and illusions when
transitioning to the moon. There’s a jump cut
in the wizards scene which would’ve been
pioneering in that day.
The Great Train Robbery
(1903)
atch?v=BINBZE5XFR4
(Cross cutting method) Was one reel with a
running time of 12 minutes and assembled in
20 separate shots. It was the first narrative
film by Edwin. S. Porter.
The Big Swallow (1901)
atch?v=WxcVzs88xRg
The big swallow was the first closeup in which
it gave the perception that the camera had
been swallowed for the amusement of the
audience.
Stop Thief! (1901)
atch?v=0Kcc6eux9Qg
It was the film which included the first chase
ever.
Tarzan of the Apes (1918)
atch?v=dFwhKVRpC8Q
The Jazz Singer (1927)
atch?v=LkUKloVCzcM
(First ‘talkie’) It was the first feature-length
Hollywood "talkie" film in which spoken
dialogue was used as part of the dramatic
action

Blackmail (1929)
atch?v=C4UkbBUOOcg
It was originally a silent film then it got
remade to include sound.
Research Question 3: What would you say are some of the
characteristics of early film production? Think about the type of shots,
framing, pacing..
List the
characteristics of
early film production.
Why was this technique used? Provide
examples.
Framing
To create understanding of the scene in relation to
the shot and what it is focused on and in what
direction.
Lighting
Light was used to assist in the effect of the film
genre for example nosferatu was one of the first
films to play with lighting and shadows. For
example if it’s a horror stereotypically it should be
dark throughout filming.
Shot times
Shot times could be increased or decreased for
suspense or effect. For example Schindler’s list had
a series of long shots during the exchange of a
drink the camera lingered on a character’s face a
little too long to show the intensity of the emotion.
Movement
Movement is used to assist the pace of the film as if
it’s a fast paced movie the movement of shots and
the characters within the shots have to be created
in that fast pace.
Analogue editing
All material was kept on film reel instead of on
computers.
Research question 4: Modern Day Film Makers
An auteur is a filmmaker who has an individual style and has complete
control over all elements of production which gives a film its personal
and unique stamp. Using the stimulus table below discuss some of these
key modern day directors and their key films which demonstrate their
style.
Modern auteurs
of film making.
Why are they
considered auteurs?
Examples of their film
production with images.

Alfred Hitchcock
He was known
to collaborate with the
same people when
making many of his
films, such as using
the composer
Bernard Herman who
helped create the
sound to Psycho, North
by Northwest and
Vertigo. By
collaborating with all
the people he has
worked with previously
he is creating a
consistency within his
filmography which
could be necessary
for auteur-ism. He also
made cameo
appearances in many
of his films.
Alfred made films such as
psycho which provoked reaction
due to the scene where the
character is killed.
Martin Scorsese
Quentin Tarantino
Tarantino is well
known for his pop
culture references,
he often
incorporates
elements of other
director's work. His
films are instantly
recognisable by
their mixture of
humour, violence
and complete
madness, a
Pulp fiction and reservoir dogs
are some of his most famous
movies which both include
dramatic violent scenes
throughout.

concoction vary
rare amongst most
filmmakers. He is
often over the top
in his approach,
which contributes
to making the film
a "Tarantino film".
But his excesses
also help to
intensify the
emotions of the
characters and help
you feel what they
are feeling. As
shown in this
excerpt from Kill
Bill. Mainly he plays
with the timeline of
the story and jumps
around the
narrative in a non-
linear fashion.
Stanley Kubrick
Steven Spielberg

Activity 5: Create a timeline of the development of editing. Use a site
such as Popplet or Padlet to present the development. Use images and
state why this was a key development in the editing process. Use the
following subheadings to gather your research:
Editing Development Why was this significant in the
development of editing and can you
think of examples of each? Look back at
your research above.
In-camera editing;
Eg. Hitchcock ‘Rope’. Think
about how he achieved this
and why?
following the action; shot
variation;
Think about how as films
developed directors became
more creative with their shot
variation (multi camera
techniques) and how this adds
pace to the scene. Use
specific examples.
manipulation of diegetic
time and space; multiple
points of view;
Remember this is how an
editor creates a sense of time,
space and unfolding narrative
for the audience. Think about
why this is an important factor
in film making and identify
SPECIFIC examples and
techniques employed by
directors.
film,
Early editing meant that
editors had to be very precise
when cutting the film.
Invention of the ‘splicer’ meant
that this sped up the editing
time.
video;

Video is an electronic medium
for the recording, copying and
broadcasting of moving visual
images. Early video tapes
could record up to one hour.
WE have since now moved on
to digital which is a cheaper
method of video production.
analogue;
Eg. Tape based editing. Editing
in linear fashion. Flatbed
editing, ‘Splicing’
Digital
Modern method of editing
using computers. Allows for
more creativity and special
effects. Final Cut, Avid etc.
.

Section 2: Purposes of Film and Video Editing
You must have an understanding of the following: storytelling, eg engaging the
viewer, development of drama, relationship to genre, creating motivation;
combining shots into sequences; creating pace.
Activity 1: Using appropriate terminology (use your editing convention
glossary) give examples of the techniques and the purpose of these techniques
in a range of media.
Media Techniques used Purpose of these
techniques
Film
We Need To Talk About
Kevin [Dir. Lynne
Ramsey, 2011]
Advert
John Lewis advert 2014
Music promo video
Taylor Swift ‘Blank Page’
TV Drama
The Missing [BBC1,
2014]

Section 3: Conventions and Techniques
You must have an understanding of the following: seamless; continuity;
motivated; montage; jump-cutting; parallel editing; 180o rule; splicing;
transitions, eg cut, dissolve, fade, wipe; cutaways; point of view shot; shot-
reverse-shot; providing and withholding information; editing rhythm;
crosscutting; cutting to soundtrack
Activity 1: Create a glossary of key editing and camera terminology and
give examples of each. Remember to fully reference each film.
Technique Why would this
technique be
used?
Give a detailed film example and discuss the
purpose of this and the effect this has on the
audience.
Seamless This meant that the
cuts between the
shots were
matched to the
action, with the
seamless editing it
makes you watch
something and not
even realise that
it’s been edited.
Continuity editing
is a system that
focuses on
creating a clear
continuity for the
final piece that you
have created. The
idea of this style of
editing is to create
a smooth flow
between all of the
clips so the
narrative of the
story will be
obvious without
interruptions.
The Hangover.
Continuity
editing
To ensure
seamless/ smooth
Hangover, continuity of the phonecall (as seen in the
seamless example).

action on screen.
Motivated Cutting from one
shot to the next for
purpose to the
story.
Hollyoaks cut from 2015 to 2001 to give background
to the kidnap story.
Montage a technique in
film editing in
which a series of
short shots are
edited into a
sequence to
condense space,
time, and
information.
Rocky 4.
https://www.
youtube.com/
watch?v=9HA
VfdVYx7M
Jump
Cutting
cut in film
editing in
which two
sequential
shots of the
same subject
are taken from
camera
positions that
vary only
slightly. This
type of edit
gives the effect
of jumping
forwards in
time.
Royal Tenenbaums.
https://www.
youtube.com
/watch?v=K2
GPBBxFpEw
Shows jump
cuts as the
character
shaves his
head increasing the dramatic effect.
Parallel
editing/cross
cut
Parallel
editing (cross
cutting) is the
technique of
alternating two
or more
scenes that
often happen
simultaneously
but in different
Inception.
https://www.yout
ube.com/watch?v
=KmptU7vEkNU

locations.
180 degree
rule
When you film
a scene using
separate
shots, it's
important that
people
understand
where
everything in
the scene is.
Can’t cross
over the 180
degree line.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0uSOiu_WUDw
The Dark Knight
Splicing It is simply a
matter of
rearranging
sounds. You
physically cut
out unwanted
words,
phrases or
sounds and
rejoin the
remaining
pieces with
adhesive
(splice) tape.
Old fashioned way of cutting sections of film out then
physically sticking them back together to form an
edit.
Transitions
eg. Dissolve,
fade, wipe
Used in post
production
combining scenes
or shots
Star Wars. Dissolves
through scenes were
popular within star
wars.

Cutaways the interruption
of a continuously
filmed action by
inserting a view
of something
else
The Godfather.
Point of view
shot
is a short film
scene that
shows what a
character (the
subject) is
looking at
(represented
through the
camera)
Friday the 13th
https://www.yout
ube.com/watch?v
=hdIF3etIlYM
Looking at the
victim in their
bed.
Shot reverse
shot
one character
is shown
looking at
another
character
(often off-
screen), and
then the other
character is
shown looking
back at the
first character.
The
Hunger
Games.
https://www.
youtube.com/
watch?v=o1E
y0a6LJRA
Peeta can be
seen looking over to create a suspenseful
atmosphere this therefore creates a suspenseful
feeling for the audience as to what to expect within
the scene.
Providing
and
withholding
information
try make the
narrative more
dramatic by giving
the audience more
information or
taking away
information
Silence of the lambs,
mainly any film
where it doesn’t give
away the plot line
straight away
building suspense
and keeping the
audience intrigued.

Editing
rhythm
relations
between shots
function to
control film
pace. Rhythm
editing describes
an assembling of
shots and/or
sequences
according to a
rhythmic pattern
of some kind,
usually dictated
by music. It can
be narrative,
Mad Max
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6wCrdINidls
Cutting to
soundtrack
the pace of the
cuts are motivated
by how fast the
song is .
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e-ORhEE9VVg
Taylor Swift- Blank space. The shots fit with the beat
of the song and change according to the pace.

Unit 16

Recomendados

Recomendados

Mais conteúdo relacionado

Mais procurados

Mais procurados (20)

Semelhante a Unit 16

Semelhante a Unit 16 (20)

Mais de jessicaCcartwright

Mais de jessicaCcartwright (6)

Último

Último (20)

Unit 16