1. Year 11 revision list & exam
questions
IMPORTANT: IN THE EXAM YOU WILL BE
GIVEN SOME CHOICES – DO NOT ANSWER
THE QUESTIONS ON FARMING AND
WATER, WE STUDIED TOURISM AND
WEATHER AND CLIMATE!

2. PLANNING FOR CHANGE: SETTLEMENT AND
EMPLOYMENT
(YEAR 10)
Key Topics:
• Why do we need so many more homes in the UK?
• Greenfield sites: Advantages and disadvantages
• Brownfield sites: Advantages and disadvantages
• Rural – urban migration in LEDCs – Push and Pull factors
• Shanty towns: characteristics and problems
• Improving quality of life in shanty towns
• Transport issues in urban areas
• Waste disposal issues in urban areas
• How urban areas can be made more sustainable
• Employment types – primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary
• Employment structure related to a country’s development
• Transnational corporations
• Out of town developments (urban rural fringe)
• Fight back of the city centre (CBD)

3. Urbanisation –
• Brownfield - Urban fringe –
• Greenfield -
Recycle –
• Sustainable –
Park and Ride –
• Greenbelt –
Primary
• Push factor –
• employment –
Pull factor –
• Rural to Urban migration – Secondary
Key words:
• Natural increase –
employment –
• Central Business District –
Tertiary
• Favelas/ squatter settlements/
employment –
shanty towns –
• Self help – Quaternary
employment –
Revision Questions (all questions are worth 4 marks, unless otherwise stated)
Transnational
1.What are the advantages and disadvantages of building on a brownfield site?
corporation (TNC)
2.Why will Britain need so many new homes in the next 20 years?
3.Explain why cities in LEDCs are growing so rapidly?
–
4.What are the main problems associated with squatter settlements?
5.Explain 2 methods that could be used to improve quality of life in squatter settlements?
6.Describe four features that a sustainable city would have?
7.Why is traffic such a large problem now in MEDC urban areas?
8.How should we deal with waste in the future?
9.Explain how and why a country’s employment structure changes as it becomes richer and more developed? (6)
10.Why are many businesses now located in urban fringe locations, rather than in CBDs?
11.What can city centre do to attract business and people back in? (5)
12.For a named city, explain what they have done to attract business and people back to the CBD. (9)
13.What are the advantages and disadvantages of a TNC to the host nation? (5)
14.For a named city in an LEDC, describe and explain the strategies they have used to improve quality of life in squatter settlements. (9

4. COPING WITH ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE: HAZARDS AND
COASTS (YEAR 10)
Key Topics
• Different types of erosion
• Cliff foot erosion – hydraulic action, abrasion, corrosion
• Cliff face erosion – weathering, mass movement, slumping
• Landforms creased by erosion – caves, arches, stacks, stumps
• Transportation – longshore drift
• Depositional features
• Formation of spits
• Different types of coastal protection (advantages and disadvantages)
• The development of coastlines and the impacts upon the environment
• Conflicts between different groups interested in a coastline
• Theory of plate tectonics
• Different plate margins
• The causes, impacts and response to a volcanic eruption
• Methods of predicting volcanic eruptions
• Causes of flooding – natural and human
• The causes, impacts and response to a flood in an MEDC and a LEDC
• The different types of flood defences

5. Beach nourishment –
• Erosion – Spit –
• Longshore drift –
Managed retreat –
• Deposition –
Tectonic plate –
• Fetch –
• Hydraulic action – Constructive margin –
• Abrasion –
Destructive margin –
• Corrosion –
Collision margin –
Key words:
• Permeable –
• Conservative margin –
Hard engineering –
• Soft engineering – Precipitation –
• Gabions –
Interception –
• Revetment –
Run – off –
• Groyne –
Infiltration –
Throughflow –
Revision Questions (all questions are worth 4 marks, unless otherwise stated)
Flood plain –
•Explain four factors which could cause a coastline to erode at a rapid rate.
•If a town puts some groynes along its beach, explain why a neighbouring town one the coastline may be concerned.
•Why might engineers use soft engineering to protect their coastline?
•Explain an advantage and a disadvantage of sea walls and beach nourishment.
•Explain how spit is formed using a diagram. (5)
•Explain the theory of plate tectonics.
•Along what sort of plate boundaries area volcanoes most likely to form? (2)
•Explain how volcanic eruptions can be predicted.
•Explain four features of a river basin that would increase its risk of flooding.
•Describe four possible flood prevention techniques.
•Why would it be difficult for an LEDC to protect against flooding?
•Using an MEDC/ LEDC example, what were the causes, impacts and responses to a major flood. (9)
•For a volcano you have studied, describe the economic and environmental impacts of a major eruption. (9)

6. RECREATION AND TOURISM
(YEAR 10)
Key Topics
• Reasons for the increase in tourism and recreation in the UK
• Physical and human features in certain locations attract tourists
• Location and characteristics of National Parks in the UK
• Attractions of National Park environments (scenery, access etc)
• Benefits of tourism – social, environment, economic
• Disadvantages of tourism – social, environmental, economic
• Conflicts between different types of visitors and land uses
• The concept of eco tourism
• How LEDC countries and communities can benefit from ecotourism

7. REMEMBER: a question will ask ‘for a national park in the EU (European Union’ – the Lake District is your case study – it is in
the EU!!
Congestion –
Seasonal
• Tourism –
unemployment –
• Recreation –
Footpath erosion –
• Leisure – Conflict –
• National Park – Ecotourism –
Key words:
• Landscape – Sustainable
• Accessible – development –
• Honey pot site – Conservation
Revision Questions (all questions are worth 4 marks, unless otherwise stated)
Why has the tourism and leisure industry increased so much in the last 30 years?
Why are National Parks so popular with tourists?
Explain some of the advantages and disadvantages caused by tourism? (6)
Describe four features that make a certain holiday an ‘ecotourism’ holiday?
Explain the conflict that exists between two groups that uses National Parks.
How can communities in LEDCs benefit from ecotourism? (5)
For a LEDC named example, describe and explain the advantages and disadvantages tourism
brings to the country. (9)
For a National Park in the EU, describe and explain how they have managed the impact of
tourism. (9)

8. USE AND ABUSE OF THE ENVIRONMENT: WEATHER AND
CLIMATE
(YEAR 11)
Key Topics
• The difference between weather and climate
• Interpreting climate graphs
• The effect of weather and climate on tourism
• The effect of weather and climate on farming
• How the weather and climate can be modified in farming e.g. irrigation
• How weather and climate can be used to provide energy e.g. solar, wind, hydro electric power
• How climate is affected by the urban heat island effect
• The causes and effects of acid rain and it they can be managed
• Global Warming:
• evidence for and against it actually taking place
• the greenhouse effect
• causes of the enhanced greenhouse effect
• impacts of global warming
• management of both the causes and effects of global warming

9. Wet deposition –
• Weather –
Global warming –
• Climate –
(Natural) Greenhouse
• Microclimate –
effect –
• Irrigation –
Enhanced greenhouse
• Urban heat island
effect –
effect –
Key words:
• Acid Rain – Greenhouse gases
• Dry deposition –
Revision Questions (all questions are worth 4 marks, unless otherwise stated)
1.Explain the difference between weather and climate. (2)
2.In what ways can climate affect tourism?
3.Describe one way that weather can be used to provide an alternative source of energy and give two advantages and disadvantages
4.of this method.
5.Describe two methods which farmers in MEDCs use to make climate conditions better for growing crops.
6.Explain why the temperature is usually a few degrees higher in large urban areas compared to the surrounding countryside.
7.Explain how acid rain is caused.
8.List three effects of acid rain.
9.Describe and explain one method that deals with the causes of acid rain and one method of coping with the effects.
10.With the help of a labelled diagram explain the greenhouse effect.
11.Give two examples of greenhouse gases.
12.Explain what has caused the enhanced greenhouse effect.
13.Describe two positive and two negative effects of global warming.
14.Evaluate two methods of reducing greenhouse gases.

10. PROVIDING FOR POPULATION CHANGE:
POPULATION AND RESOURCES (YEAR 11)
Population
• The rapid growth over the last 2000 years and in the future
• How population changes in terms of birth rates, death rates, migration and natural
increase
• Reasons for differences between population growth in MEDCs and LEDCs such as
access to health care, education, religion, standard of living, government attitudes.
• The demographic transition model (DTM) and how it relates to countries at
different stages of development.
• Describing and explaining population structure using population pyramids and
relating these to the DTM.
• Reasons for migration and the effects of emigration and immigration on a
country’s total population and structure
• Dependency ratios and what they are
• How LEDCs cope with very high birth rates
• How MEDCs are coping with an ageing population

11. • Resources
• The difference between renewable and non renewable resources
• The advantages and disadvantages of using renewable and non
renewable resources
• How burning fossil fuels causes acid rain and global warming
• How sustainable is the energy production by thermal (coal) power
stations in the UK and using biogas in India
• The positive and negative effects of these energy resources
• Theories between population and resources – Malthus, Boserup
and Club of Rome
• Ideas of sustainability and changes in people’s attitudes towards the
environment e.g. recycling and sustainability

12. Dependency ratio –
Economically active
population –
Dependent population
• Birth rate –
–
• Death Rate – Life expectancy –
• Exponential growth – Infant mortality rate –
• Demographic Gross National Product
Transition Model – (GNP) –
• Population pyramid Human Development
– Index (HDI) –
• Population structure Renewable resources –
Key words:
–
Non renewable
• Migration – resources –
• Emigration – Fossil fuels –
• Immigration – Thermal power
• Refugees – stations –
Malthus Theory –
Boserup Theory –
Sustainable –

13. • Revision Questions
• Describe and explain why the world’s population is changing. (6)
• Explain why population growth is much greater in LEDCs than MEDCs.
• Describe the changes in a country which moves from stage 2 to 3 in the demographic transition
model.
• Define the term population structure. (2)
• How would you expect the shape of a population pyramid to change as country becomes more
developed and what would this tell us about the country’s population structure? (5)
• Give two reasons why people might immigrate into a country.
• Give two possible advantages for MEDCs resulting from the arrival of immigrants.
• Describe the ways in which LEDCs can overcome the problems caused by a rapid population
growth. (6)
• Describe in detail two possible problems caused by an ageing population in an MEDC.
• Explain how to work out the dependency ratio of a country.
• What is the difference between renewable and non- renewable resources?
• Give two advantages and two disadvantages for a named renewable energy of your choice.
• How does burning fossil fuels lead to global warming? (5)
• Explain the theory of Malthus and give reasons why it has not come true. (6)