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Semelhante a 2/27/12 Special Factoring - Sum & Difference of Two Cubes
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2/27/12 Special Factoring - Sum & Difference of Two Cubes
- 1. Bell Ringer Factor the following: x 2 – 81 x 2 +10x +25 1. 2. Students will be able to factor polynomial equations. Page 356 #3-17
Notas do Editor
- When factoring, look at what perfect squares you have and pay attention to your signs. x^2 -81 = (x-9)(x+9). When factoring this, we know that 81 is a perfect square. Since there is no middle term and 81 is negative, this can be factored into a difference of squares. x^2+10x+25 For this one, we once again have a perfect square, 25. 25 = 5^2. But, we have a middle term which is positive. This is why we can factor this quadratic into two perfect squares. For more practice, reference Sections 4.3 & 4.4 Specifically, page 253 for these special cases.
- A cube is any number or variable raised to the third power. So, 2^3 = 8, making 8 a cube. The same applies for variables, such as x^3. This would also be a cube. We’ll take a look at factoring in the next couple slides. Factoring is similar to when we factor a quadratic, except this time, we factor into a binomial and a trinomial. The purpose of factoring is to solve our equations and find our zeros.
- Do you notice a similarity between the two factorizations? What is similar? What is different?
- Example 1 How can we check that our factors are correct? You can always double-check your work by multiplying out the polynomial (which is what we did in the last section)!
- Exercise 1: Difference of cubes x^3 -125 = (x-3)(x^2 +5x+25) Exercise 2: Sum of cubes x^3 + 216 = (x+6)(x^2-6x+36)
- Now, consider what you would do when we have a coefficient in front of our first term. Well…what would you do if you were told to write that coefficient in terms of a cube? Let’s take a look. Exercise 3: 8x^3 -1 We know that 8 is a cube. 8 may be written as 2^3. So, we can write our polynomial as… (2x)^3 – (1)^3 In this case, our a =2x and b=1. Now, we can use our difference of cubes formula. 8x^3-1 = (2x-1)(4x^2+2x+1) * Common mistake - Be careful and make sure that you are squaring your a correctly…so that you square the two as well to get 4x^2. Exercise 4: Sum of cubes Once again, write your polynomial in terms of cubes! 27x^3 +343 = (3x)^3 + (7)^3 So, when we use our formula, we get (3x+7)(9x^2-21x+49)
- Also included in this section is factoring out a common monomial (aka the most common factor). This should be a review from prior, only you probably did not do this with as many terms, and some do require further factoring. Example: 3x^4 +9x^2 -6x Look at each term in our polynomial. First, I like to look at our numbers…3, 9, 6. What is in common between each of these? Since a three is in common, we can factor that out of each term. Now, look at our variables. We have x^4, x^2, x. Clearly, x is the common factor, so we will factor that out. Caution: When doing this, be very careful and pay attention to your powers and signs. It is really easy to drop a power or forget to factor out of each term. 3x^4+9x^2-6x = 3x(x^3+3x-2).
- Exercises: Note, some require further factorization, such as factoring for difference of two squares or perfect square trinomials, like we did in the bell ringer. Exercise 5: 3x^3+9x^2-81 = 3(x^3+9x^2-27) Exercise 6: 4x^4 – 16x^3 +16x^2 Careful, this polynomial can be factored further. = 4x^2 (x^2 -4x + 4) =4x^2 (x-2)(x-2) or 4x^2(x-2)^2 Exercise 7: 2x^5-18x^3 = 2x^3 (x^2 - 9)