2. Section 1: Building a Nation
The Era of Good Feelings
The War of 1812 resulted with the
Republicans in control of the government.
Republican candidate, James Monroe, won
the 1816 presidential election in a
landslide!
This was a huge defeat for the Federalist
Party and in a few years the party had
disappeared.
3. President
Monroe‘s
major belief was
promoting national
unity.
A local newspaper
coined this new sense
of national unity as the
“Era of Good
Feelings.”
Monroe was reelected
in 1820.
4. Building the National
Economy
There
was a growing belief that
the federal government should
increase economic prosperity.
This belief came from different
regions. Three major Congress
members who favored federal
action were Henry Clay, John C.
Calhoun, and Daniel Webster.
5. Henry Clay
Spoke for the people
located in the West.
Better roads and canals
to transport goods from
one region to another.
Wanted to three regions
of the country to trade
with one another
6. John C. Calhoun
Spoke for the people in
the South
Believed in the idea of
states‘ rights.
Opposed tariffs because
they raised the price of
goods that southerners
bought.
8. The Second Bank of the
United States
Due to the Bank of the
United States‗ charter
running out, the economy
suffered.
In 1816, a second Bank
of the United States was
established.
This control of the money
supply gave a boost to
American businesses.
9. The Tariff of 1816
After the War of 1812, British
manufacturers looked to the United
States to sell their products.
The British had the factories to produce
goods at a lower price than the
American companies.
The British‘s ability to sell goods below
market price drove several American
businesses out of business.
10. Congress
answered the angry
business owners with the Tariff of
1816.
Protective tariffs on foreign textiles,
iron, leather goods, paper, and
other products.
Even higher tariffs were passed by
Congress in 1818 and 1824.
Popular in the North.
Resented in the South.
11. Clay’s American System
American System- high tariffs
and a federal program of public
works that would help the three
regions.
The wealth produced by tariffs
would allow northerners to buy
farm products from the West
and South.
Government revenue would be
used to build up the
infrastructure in the South and
West.
Roads, bridges, and canals.
The South was not convinced.
12. Section 2: Dealing with other
Nations
Relations with Spain.
At the time of the War of
1812, Spain controlled more
territory in the America‘s than
any other European country.
However, this power was
steadily weakening.
Spain‘s control was especially
weak in Florida due to having
no control of slave escapees
joining the Seminole Nation.
13. Andrew Jackson (soon to be
7th president) was sent by
the U.S. to recapture the
slaves.
He captures the escaped
slaves, destroyed
Seminole villages, seized
two Spanish towns, and
caused the governor to
flee Florida.
It was clear that Spain could
not protect Florida.
Spain ceded Florida to the
United States in the Adams Onis treaty of 1819.
14. Spanish Colonies win
Independence
The American and French revolutions
were causing movements in almost all
Spanish colonies. There was an
uncontrollable tension calling for change
in Latin America.
It was in 1821 that Spain agreed to
Mexico‘s independence.
By 1825, most areas in Latin America
had thrown off European rule.
15. Monroe Doctrine
President Monroe and his
Secretary of State, John Quincy
Adams, were concerned that
several European powers were
going to assist Spain to regain
its colonies.
United States and Britain
wanted to remain trading
partners with Latin America.
The doctrine states that new
European settlements would not
be allowed. Any attempt would
ne considered ―dangerous to
our peace and safety.‖
The Monroe Doctrine boosted
the influence of the United
States in the region.
16.
17. Section 3: The Age of
Jackson
John Quincy Adams
and Jackson in
Conflict
Andrew Jackson was
a wealthy man when
he took the role as
president. However,
he began life with very
little.
―Old Hickory‖
The idea that ordinary
people should
participate in
American political life
I am tough
as a
hickory
tree!
18. The Election of 1824
Four people ran for president in 1824,
including:
John Quincy Adams
Andrew Jackson
Henry Clay
William Crawford
NO candidate won a majority of
electoral votes
The choice was between Jackson and
John Quincy Adams
Election had to be decided in the
House of Representatives
Speaker of the House Henry Clay
made a “corrupt bargain” with John
Quincy Adams . John Quincy Adams
became president. Clay became Sec.
of State.
FYI: Another political party
developed…The AntiJacksons (called the Whigs)
19. The Presidency of John
Quincy Adams
Although John Quincy Adams
had ambitious plans, he
accomplished very little.
Supported Clay‘s American System
and wanted the federal government
to play a larger role in supporting
the economy
He lacked the political skill to
push his programs through
Congress.
John Quincy Adams only
served one term due to the fact
that he could never win the trust
of the American people.
20. A New
Era in Politics
Suffrage
○ The right to vote
Voters chose the presidential electors
Democracy in the Age of Jackson
Ordinary people should vote in elections
and hold public office.
Did not trust the government
Supporters called themselves
Jacksonians
Suspicious of banks
21.
22. Bell work:
Place the state
http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/states_e
xperiment_dragdrop_Intermed_State15s_500.html
Click on the state
http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/USA_Ge
ography/USA_G0_click_1024.html
Map movie
http://www.animatedatlas.com/movie-verse.html
23.
New Political Party
The two party system returned after ending briefly
during the Era of Good Feelings.
Republican party was spilt:
- John Quincy Adams -> National Republicans
- Jackson -> Democrats
Jackson vs Clay
Jackson was victorious!
Two major political parties: Democrats and Whigs
○ The Whigs wanted the government to improve
the country‘s economy. These were the rich
business people and southern farmers.
○ The Democrats included the average people,
frontier farmers as well as factory workers.
24. Election Changes
Jacksonian Democracy
Jackson‘s supporters wanted to make the
voting system more democratic:
○ Eliminated the caucus system
Political candidates chosen by
Congressmen
○ Created nominating conventions
Delegates selected a party‘s
candidate based on the people‘s vote
Jackson did the best in the West and
South
25.
Jackson’s Inauguration
Victory for the ―common man‖
―It was the People‘s day, and the People‘s
President, and the People would rule.‖
26. The Spoils of Victory
―To the victory go the spoils…‖
Jackson replaced some government officials
with his campaign supporters.
He believed that he was expanding
democracy by these actions.
27. Section 4: Indian Removal
Native American of
the Southeast
10,000 Native
Americans still
lived east of MS
○ Many were
farmers or lived
in towns
Cherokees’ leader
Sequoyah
Established a
government based
on written
constitution (1827)
28.
Conflict over land
Native Americans lived on
fertile land
Forced Movement
The Indian Removal Act (1830)
carried out by President
Jackson to help the U.S.
expand westward
Remove Native Americans from
land east of the Mississippi
River
Relocate them to the ―Indian
Territory‖—land west of the
Mississippi River, present day
Oklahoma
29. Removal of Choctaws
○ The Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek of
1830 (Choctaws)
○ Unfair to Natives
○ Lots of suffering and thousands died along
the trips westward
Cherokee Removal
○ Still had their land in 1837 (Jackson‘s
presidency)
○ President Martin Van Buren forced the
Cherokees to move.
○ Trail of Tears
31. Black Hawk War
April-August, 1832
Who was involved?
Native Americans
(led by Black Hawk)chief of the Sauk,
Fox, and Kickapoo
tribes VS
Americans.
Where?
Illinois and
Wisconsin
32. What happened?
The Native Americans had land in Illinois and
Wisconsin.
In the 1820‘s, the U.S. took it away. They forced
Black Hawk‘s people to sign treaties giving up
their land.
Black Hawk began raiding white settlements.
U.S. troops (General Henry Atkinson) pursued
the tribe.
Black Hawk surrendered, but Atkinson's men
opened fire anyway, killing 200 women, children
and warriors.
Black Hawk was captured and imprisoned for a
year. Then he rejoined the remnants of his tribe
on a reservation in Iowa.
33. Did you know…
Abraham Lincoln
enlisted in an Illinois
militia unit during the
Black Hawk War. He
became a captain, but
did not see action.
Jefferson Davis
(Confederate President)
Also fought in the war.
34. Section 5: State’s Rights and
the Economy
The Bank War
The Second Bank of the United States earned
strong support from business people.
On the other hand, many Americans disliked the
Bank. They opposed the way the bank restricted
loans made by state banks. This limited the
amount of money the banks could lend, which
angered farmers and merchants.
The Bank‘s most powerful enemy was
Andrew Jackson, who called the Bank ―the
Monster.‖
35. In this cartoon, President Jackson battles the
Bank of the United States and its branches.
36.
The Bank‘s president, Nicholas Biddle, was
having Congress renew the Bank‘s charter.
―The Bank. . . Is trying to kill me, but I will kill it!‖ –
Jackson
Immediate veto!
○ Although many Americans thought Jackson took too
much power as president, most agreed with his veto
of the bank and he won reelection in 1832.
John c. Calhoun ->VP
○ Shortly after he was reelected he decided to ―kill the
bank!‖
○ He withdrew all government deposits and the bank
was forced to shut down.
37.
Andrew Jackson
and John C.
Calhoun were once
friends. They
became fierce
opponents in a
quarrel over state's
rights, or the right of
the states to limit the
power of the federal
government.
38. The Nullification Crisis
The South was still upset about the high
tariffs that were put into place in 1828.
The South responded by trying to nullify
the tariff
States had a right to nullify, or cancel, a
federal law it considered unconstitutional
Some southern states wanted to secede, or
break away from the U.S.
Basically this was a conflict over how much
power the federal government should have
39.
Arguments for Nullification
John C. Calhoun
○ The union grew from an agreement between the
various states. Each state kept certain powers
○ If the federal government could enforce this unjust
law, could it also use its power to end slavery?
Arguments against Nullification
Senator Daniel Webster
○ The Unites States had been formed by the entire
American people, not states.
40. The Vice President Resigns
Calhoun soon
afterward resigned
his office of Vice
President. Martin
Van Buren became
Jackson‘s Vice
President in 1833.
I am the new
Vice-President
of 1833.
41. South Carolina Threatens to
Secede passed this to try to solve the problem
Congress
in the south
It was a lower tariff
It did not please the south
South Carolina voted to nullify the tariffs
They also warned the federal govt. not to use
force to impose the tariffs
Jackson was furious. He issued a
―Proclamation to the People of South Carolina.‖
It said that the Union could not be dissolved
Unable to win support from other states, South
Carolina then repealed its tariff nullification
42. The End of the Jackson Era
Jackson retired from office after two long
terms.
Martin Van Buren
Jackson‘s choice
He was Jackson‘s secretary of state and vice
president.
Elected in 1836 over the Whig party
○ The Whigs were a group of people who disliked
Jackson and had tried to prevent any candidate
from receiving a majority of electoral votes.
○ However, Van Buren received a majority of both the
electoral and the popular vote.
43.
The Panic of 1837
During his term in office, a
depression occurred.
○ Hundreds of banks went
bankrupt.
The people who had supported
Jackson turned against Van Buren
and the Whigs gained ground
The Election of 1840
Van Buren vs. William Harrison
(Whig candidate)
○ Harrison won!
The Whigs were in power and the
Age of Jackson was over.
