2. James I Stuart (not a Tudor) King of Scotland Nephew of Elizabeth I Initially agreed to rule according to English law and customs Parliament involved Until…divine right
3. Tensions with Parliament Disagreements about money Lavish lifestyle Wars Taxes Disagreements about foreign policy James’ solution dissolve Parliament
4. Religious Tensions Puritans wanted: “purify” the Church of England of Catholic practices Simpler services More democratic church with no powerful bishops James rejected their demands Chased them out of England
5. Charles I Inherits the throne from his father, James I (1625) Like his father, he ruled as an absolute monarch Bickered with Parliament Imprisoned enemies without trial Ran the nation into further debt
6. Petition of Right Debt from: Super-luxurious lifestyle War with France Need of money called for Parliament to convene Parliament refused to fork over any money until Charles I signed Petition of Right
7. Petition of Right No funds could be borrowed or raised through taxes & tariffs without the explicit approval of Parliament
8. Petition of Right 2. No free person (Britain had slavery at this time) could be imprisoned without a reason
9. The Deal Charles I signed the Petition, thereby agreeing to its terms (and getting his $$) Did Charles have any intention of keeping his word?
10. Dissolution of Parliament Charles immediately broke his word To avoid a confrontation with Parliament, he dissolved it (would stay dissolved for 12 years) Now on his own…with no funds from Parliament
11. Charles’ Budget Cuts Made peace with enemies (peace is cheaper than war) Downsized government administration Innovative tax increases One goal in mind rule without Parliament
12. Charles and Religion Much like his father, Charles was against the Puritans Allowed the Archbishop of Canterbury (William Laud) to freely take any measures to stifle the Puritans
13. Puritans Under Charles I Forbidden to publish or preach Scottish Puritans were forced to use the Church of England’s prayer books, rituals, hierarchy, etc Rebellion occurred, thus forcing Charles to reconvene Parliament
14. Twelve Years to Stew Parliament had 12 years to stew and were ready to show Charles no mercy Refused Charles any money until he addressed a very long list of complaints What do you think Charles did??
15. Buh-Bye Parliament Charles refused their demands and dismissed them (known as “The Short Parliament”) Still, he was without money Reconvened Parliament again, but this time agreed to their demands
16. Parliament’s Demands Illegal to raise taxes without Parliament okay William Laud – impeached & executed Charles’ centralized bureaucracy – abolished Law that only Parliament could dismiss itself Law that Parliament had to meet every 3 years
17. Rebellion in Ireland Religious radicals in Ireland rebelled Charles wanted funds for an army to go in Parliament did not trust Charles with an army Proposal from radicals in Parliament – the army should be under Parliament’s control
18. One Angry King Charles not very happy about this Stormed Parliament with his own army Bold, yet foolish move Parliament issued Militia Ordinance which officially declared the army under Parliament’s control The result????
20. Cavaliers & Roundheads Cavaliers = Supporters of King Charles I Wealthy nobles Wore plumed hats Fashionably long hair Well trained in dueling & warfare Expected a quick win
21. Cavaliers & Roundheads Roundheads = Supporters of Parliament Country gentry, town- dwelling manufacturers, & Puritan clergy Called Roundheads b/c of their hair style Underdogs Leader – Oliver Cromwell
22. Oliver Cromwell Puritan, gentry, military genius Organized “New Model Army” into a skilled force Defeated Cavaliers Became “Lord Protectorate” after Civil War
23. The Execution of a King Charles I was put on trial Found guilty Sentenced to death as a “tyrant, traitor, murderer, and public enemy”
24. Life Under Puritan Rule After Charles I’s execution, House of Commons abolished : The monarchy The House of Lords The Church of England
25. England a Republic? England declared republic Not all agree – Charles II is the heir Rebellions broke out (Ireland) Oliver Cromwell crushed them persecuted Catholics exiled Catholics to remote parts of Ireland
26. End of the Commonwealth After Cromwell’s death (1658) Puritans lost control of England New Parliament invited Charles II back as King Charles II met with cheering crowds
27. Charles II Popular ruler “Man-crush” on Louis XIV (idolized him) Tolerant of various religions Accepted Petition of Right (learned from his Daddy’s mistakes!)
28. James II Inherits the throne Brother of Charles II Flaunted his Catholic faith Many feared he would restore Catholicism
29. William & Mary Parliament invited James’ Protestant daughter Mary II & her Dutch Protestant husband William of Orange to the throne
30. The Glorious Revolution William & Mary arrived with an army No need – James II fled to France Parliament sets up a Limited Monarchy via a Bill of Rights Also affirmed habeas corpus (no person could be held in prison without first being charged with a specific crime) Radical concept in the Age of Absolutism…
31. Homework Read Primary Source document, “Charles I on the Scaffold” and answer the questions on the back
