1. 3.01 Trace the economic, social, and political events
from the Mexican War to the outbreak of the Civil War.
3.02 Analyze and assess the causes of the Civil War.

2. Review
 Expansion of slavery is dividing North
and South
 North abolitionist movements
○ William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick
Douglass, Sojourner Truth, Nat Turner’s
Rebellion
 South defend slavery as “necessary evil”
○ Economy depends on Slave labor
 Westward expansion will increase these
tensions as southerners look to expand
slavery

3. Missouri Compromise
 Review
 3 parts of the Missouri Compromise
○ Maine admitted as Free State
○ Missouri admitted as Slave State
○ 36’30” line divides country (above is free and
below is slave)
 Westward expansion will create the
need for a new compromise over
expansion of slavery

4. Clay’s Compromise of 1850
 Westward expansion opens debate of
slavery
 Henry Clay- known as the Great
Compromiser
 Compromise of 1850
 California admitted as a Free State
 Congress passes the Fugitive Slave Act
○ Requires citizens to turn in any slave that is
attempting or has escaped
○ Failing to turn these people in will result in
punishment by law
○ Southern states will favor this act

5. Compromise of 1850
1) California
admitted as a
free state
2) Green- free
states and
territories
3) Yellow- slave
states and
territories
4) Purple- open to
slavery

6. Kansas-Nebraska Act
(1854)
 This act will reverse the Missouri
Compromise
 Stephen Douglas will promote the idea
of popular sovereignty
 States will now have the right to vote on
being slave or free
 Based on Ideas of 10th Amendment
 Powers not delegated to US, are reserved to
states or the people

7. Kansas-Nebraska Act
(1854)
1) Light
Green- slave
states
2) Light Pink-
free states
3) Brown- now
open to
popular
sovereignty

8. Bleeding Kansas
 Since Kansas can
now vote on being a
slave or free state a
showdown is set.
 Pro-slavery and
anti-slavery
supporters move
into Kansas to
influence the vote
 Lead to
bloodshed and
fights between
pro and anti-
slavery groups

9. Other Events
 Underground Railroad
 Movement of slaves to the North and
Canada using secret hideouts
 Reason South calls for Fugitive Slave Law
 Harriet Tubman is famous conductor of the
Underground Railroad

10. Underground Railroad

11. Other Events Cont.
 John Brown’s Raid
 John Brown will raid a federal weapons
arsenal in Harper’s Ferry, Virginia
 Brown wanted to give weapons to slaves to
start a revolt
 Brown and his men will be captured and
hung

12. John Brown

13. Other Events Cont.
 Harriet Beecher Stowe
 Write book Uncle Tom’s Cabin in
1852
 Book describes the humanity of
slaves and the inhumanity of
slavery
 North- use this to defend abolition
 South- say the book is full of lies
and be angered by what they see
as false information
 Stowe will be called “The little lady
who started the big War” by Pres.
Lincoln

14. Sumner-Brooks Affair
 1856
 South Carolina Senator Preston Brooks
attacks Massachusetts Senator Charles
Sumner on Senate floor in Washington, DC

15. Dred Scott v. Sandford
 March 1857
 Dred Scott- slave suing for freedom (living
in free territory)
 Court ruling
1. Slaves were not citizens and could not sue in
federal court
2. Missouri Compromise unconstitutional- US could
not forbid slavery in any territory
 Reaction Further
divide North
 North outraged
and South
 South- supportive over slavery
issue

16. Rise of Republican Party and
Lincoln
 Republican Party- form around one
issue---- Abolish Slavery
 Gain in strength throughout the 1850s
 Most famous and influential leader will
be Abraham Lincoln

17. Abraham Lincoln
 Lincoln-Douglas Debates
 During the Senate Race in 1858
 Lincoln (Republican)- did not want immediate
end to slavery but supported an end to
expansion of slavery
 Stephen Douglas (Democrat)- supported
popular sovereignty
 Lincoln will lose the election
 His ideas will become central to
Republican Party and help him win
presidential election in 1860

18. Election of 1860
 4 Candidates
 Lincoln- Republican
 2 Democrats- split the vote
 1 third party
 Lincoln wins without a single electoral
vote from South (South feels as if their
votes no longer matter)
 Immediate result- Southern states start
to secede (led by South Carolina)

19. Election
of 1860
*Lincoln
wins without
getting a
single
electoral vote
from South

20. Southern Secession
 After Election of 1860- southern states
secede (leave) the Union
 Led by South Carolina
 Set up the Confederate States of America
○ Constitution will permit slavery and give states
most power
 Elect Jefferson Davis as President of the
Confederate States