4. 1. DEFINITION
• Paragraphs are the
building blocks of papers.
• A paragraph consists of
several sentences that are
grouped together. This
group of sentences
together discuss one main
subject.
5. 2. STRUCTURE
• The elementary paragraph
structure consists of a topic
sentence, the body of the
paragraph, and the
conclusion.
6. 2.1 TOPIC SENTENCE
• A well-organized
paragraph supports or
develops a single
controlling idea, which is
expressed in a sentence
called the topic sentence.
• A topic sentence states
the main point of a
paragraph.
7. 2.2 BODY
• Provides the evidence, or
explain the content of the
topic sentence.
• Discusses the controlling
idea, using
facts, arguments, analysis,
examples, and other
information.
8. 2.3 CONCLUSION
• The final section;
summarizes the
connections between the
information discussed in
the body of the paragraph
and the paragraph’s
controlling idea.
9. 3. TYPES OF PARAGRAPHS.
• These modes are mixed in
natural combinations; for
example, narration
frequently includes
description
• The following paragraphs
are
narration, exposition, defini
tion, classification, descripti
on, process analysis, and
persuasion.
10. 3.1 NARRATION.
• A narrative paragraph tells
a story of one specific
event.
• The topic sentence will
identify the event clearly
and signal your value
judgment,
11. 3.2 DESCRIPTION.
• Can be used to explain an
object, event, person, process, p
osition, express and clarify
thoughts and
emotions, strengthen your
conclusions of narrating and
other paragraphs.
• This type of paragraph causes us
to think in more detail about a
person, place, event, or situation
12. 3.3 EXPOSITION.
• Topic sentence identifies a
process and presents an
attitude toward the
process.
• The paragraph will include
at least three examples
that support your
conclusion, as well as an
valid counterexamples
that oppose it.
13. 3.4 DEFINITION.
• A paragraph that precisely
explains what something is
or how it looks or works, its
purpose, etc.
• This type of paragraph
answers the
question, “What do you
mean?”
14. 3.5 COMPARISON OR
CONTRAST.
• Your attitude statement
should provide an explicit
and clear reason where
and why you think these
two items are similar or
different
15. 3.6 PROCESS ANALYSIS.
• Analyze the process into a
series of steps. Put the steps
into sequence.
• In describing how a
process happens or how to
perform a series of
actions, always think of
your readers: can they
follow this?
16. 3.7 PERSUASION.
• To persuade people to
change their minds or take
an action, more is needed
than your opinion or sense
of conviction. You need to
supply them with the
information, analysis, and
context they need to form
their own opinions, make
their own judgments, and
take action.
17. 4. COHERENCE.
• In a coherent
paragraph, each sentence
relates clearly to the topic
sentence or controlling
idea.
• A number of other
techniques that you can
use to establish coherence
in paragraphs are:.
18. 4. COHERENCE.
• Repeat key words or
phrases
• Create parallel structures.
• Be consistent in point of
view, verb tense, and
number.
• Use transition words or
phrases between
sentences and between
paragraphs
19. 5. SOME USEFUL TRANSITION
WORDS.
• To show addition:
Again, and, also, besides, eq
ually important, first
(second, etc.), further, further
more, in addition, in the first
place, moreover, next, too
20. 5. SOME USEFUL TRANSITION
WORDS.
• To give examples:
for example, for instance, in
fact, specifically, that is, to
illustrate
21. 5. SOME USEFUL TRANSITION
WORDS.
• To compare:
Also, in the same
manner, likewise, similarly.
22. 5. SOME USEFUL TRANSITION
WORDS.
• To summarize or conclude:
All in all, in conclusion, in
other words, in short, in
summary, on the whole, that
is, therefore, to sum
23. 5. SOME USEFUL TRANSITION
WORDS.
• To indicate logical
relationship:
Accordingly, as a
result, because, consequentl
y, for this
reason, hence, if, otherwise, s
ince, so, then, therefore, thus
24. 5. SOME USEFUL TRANSITION
WORDS.
• To contrast:
Although, and yet, at the
same
time, but, despite, even
though, however, in
contrast, in spite
of, nevertheless, on the
contrary, on the other
hand, still, though,
25. 6. BENEFITS
• Enables us to write a paper
with more focus.
• Adds variety and structure
to our writing.
• Assists our thought process
by leading us to consider
different kinds of questions.
26. REFERENCES
• Seven Types of Paragraph
Development
http://www.write.armstrong.
edu/handouts/Modes.pdf
• Indiana University
Bloodmington. Paragraphs
and Topic Sentences.
http://www.indiana.edu/~wt
s/pamphlets/paragraphs.sht
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