This document discusses various aspects of transportation by sea including definitions of seaworthiness, applicable rules like Hague, Visby, and Hamburg rules, carrier liability and exceptions. It covers key principles like the carrier's duty to exercise due diligence to ensure the ship is seaworthy before and at the start of the voyage. Exceptions to liability include fire on board unless caused by carrier negligence, and measures taken to save life or property at sea. Leading cases related to concepts like proper storage and loading/unloading of goods are also mentioned.

1. TRANSPORTATION BY SEA SEAWORTHYNESS JAY SINGH B.C.A. LL.B