This document provides information about basic life support and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. It discusses the CAB sequence of airway, breathing, and circulation. Chest compressions and rescue breathing are described as being performed immediately on an unresponsive person. The principles of CPR are to save the patient's life and restore effective circulation and ventilation. Indications for CPR include cardiac and pulmonary disorders. Steps for CPR involve assessing responsiveness, opening the airway, checking breathing, and performing chest compressions and rescue breaths. Defibrillation using an AED may also be needed. Complications of CPR can include rib fractures and organ injury.

1. BASIC LIFE
SUPPORT
Cardio
pulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
BY
JAYASHREE.S HARNI.N
IV TH YR BDS

2. BASIC LIFE SUPPORT [BLS]
•AIRWAY
•BREATHING
•CIRCULATION (CAB)
To save one's life is as if
to save the world
-The Talmud

3. Chain of survival

4. INTRODUCTION
BASIC LIFE SUPPORT SEQUENCES OF PROCEDURES
PERFORMED TO RESTORE THE CIRCULATION OF
OXYGENATED BLOOD AFTER A SUDDEN PULMONARY
AND/OR CARDIAC ARREST
CHEST COMPRESSIONS AND PULMONARY VENTILATION
PERFORMED BY ANYONE WHO KNOWS HOW TO DO IT,
ANYWHERE, IMMEDIATELY, WITHOUT ANY OTHER
EQUIPMENT

5. Rescuer – all, regardless of training,
should provide chest
compression.
a) Untrained L R – Hands Only CPR
b) Trained L R – CC ± rescue breaths
c) HCP – CC + rescue breaths, coordinate
teamwork
RESCUER & VICTIM

6. POSITION OF RESCUER
• Firm surface(backboard or
floor)
• Kneel beside victim’s chest or
stand beside bed
• Heel of one hand on inter-
mammary line (which is the
lower half of the sternum)
• Heel of other hand on top of
the first so that the hands are
overlapped and parallel

8. Safety Of Self
Safety Of Patient
Movement of a trauma victim – only
when absolutely necessary
[unstable cervical spine – injured spinal
cord]
ENSURE SAFETY

9. Check for a response
A
V
P
U
Alert
Voice – “Are you alright?”
Place your hands on their
shoulders and gently shake them
Unresponsive
9

10. Open the Airway
Open the airway by supporting your
casualty’s forehead with one hand and
tilting it back by placing 2 fingers under
their chin and gently lifting it
Support the head in this position in
order to perform a breathing check
10

11. AIRWAY
▪Head tilt chin lift manoeuvre
▪Jaw thrust manoeuvre

12. Check for Normal Breathing
Agonal gasping is best
described as
infrequent, noisy gasps
This is not normal
breathing and they
should be treated as a
non-breathing casualty
Look, listen and feel for normal
breathing for no more than 10 seconds
12

13. BREATHING
LOOK- LISTEN -FEEL
METHODS
▪ Mouth -mouth ventilation
▪ Mouth – mask ventilation
▪ Bag mask ventilation
Equipments
▪ Ambu bag
▪ Oropharangeal airway
▪ endotracheal tubes

14. Use a barrier device of some type while giving breaths.
Deliver each rescue breath over 1 second.
Give a sufficient tidal volume to produce visible chest rise
(500-
600ml).
Avoid rapid or forceful breaths.
When an advanced airway is in place during 2-person CPR,
ventilate at a rate of 8 to 10 breaths per min.
GIVING RESCUE BREATHS

15. Mouth-to-Mouth Rescue Breathing
Mouth-to–Barrier Device Breathing
Mouth-to-Nose and Mouth-to-
Stoma
Ventilation
Ventilation With Bag and Mask
Ventilation With an Advanced
Airway
METHODS OF RESCUE
BREATHS

16. Recovery Position
16

17. If your casualty
is
choking
Encourage
them
to cough
If this doesn’t work,
give up to 5 back
blows
If this doesn’t work,
give up to 5
abdominal thrusts
If unsuccessful phone108
Repeat cycle
Be prepared to
Resuscitate
If successful, then
reassure them and
seek
medical help if
appropriate
If this is
successful,
then reassure them
and seek medical
help
Choking child
17

18. If your casualty is choking,
look in the mouth and
remove
any visible, easily removed
object
If this doesn’t work,
give up to 5
back blows
If this doesn’t work,
give up to 5
chest thrusts
If successful, then
you must seek
medical help
If this is successful,
then you must seek
medical help
Choking infant
If unsuccessful phone 108
Repeat cycle
Be prepared to Resuscitate
18

19. Cardio
pulmonary resuscitation
(CPR)

20. INTRODUCTION
C. CARDIAC. HEART
P. PULMONARY. LUNGS
R. RESUSCITE. REVIVE
CPR= REVIVE THE HEART AND LUNGS

21. DEFINITION
ACCORDING TO ANGELA MORROWRN,
CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION(CPR) IS A
PROCEDURE USED WHEN A PATIENT'S HEART
STOPS BEATING AND LUNGS STOPS BREATHING.
IT CAN INVOLVE COMPRESSION OF THE CHEST OR
ELECTRICAL SHOCKS ALONG WITH RESCUE
BREATHING.

22. PRINCIPLES OF CPR
• TO SAVE THE LIFE OF THE PATIENT.
• TO RESTORE EFFECTIVE CIRCULATION AND
VENTILATION.
• TO PREVENT IRREVERSIBLE CEREBRAL
DAMAGE DUE TO ANOEXIA.

23. INDICATIONS OF CPR
CARDIO VASCULAR DISORDER
▪ Ventricular fibrillation
▪ Ventricular tachycardia
▪ Asystole
▪ CAD
▪ Congenital heart disease
PULMONARY DISORDRS
▪ Drowning
▪ Stroke
▪ Foreign body in throat
▪ Drug overdose
▪ Accident
▪ Injury
▪ Coma
▪ Suffocation

24. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
▪ Sudden collapse
▪ No pulse
▪ No breathing
▪ Loss of consciousness
▪ Fatigue
▪ Aponea
▪ Dialated pupil
▪ Absence of heart sounds

25. STEPS FOR CPR
•AIRWAY
•BREATHING
•CIRCULATION (CAB)

26. COMPRESSIONS AND CIRCULATION
During pregnancy - woman is lying on her back, uterus compress inferior vena cava thus
decrease venous return, therefore recommended that the uterus be pushed to the woman's left;
so roll the woman 30° position
A universal compression - ventilation ratio = 30:2 in adults
=15:2 in children
Adults
press down by 5-6cm (2-2.5 inches) at a steady rate of 100 to
120 compressions per minute.
Infants under one year old
Place two fingers in the middle of the chest and
push down by 4cm (about 1.5 inches), ) at a steady rate of
80 to 100 compressions per minute.

27. DEFIBRILLATION
•Automated External Defibrillator (AED)
Defibrillators deliver a brief electric shock to the heart, which
enables the heart's natural pacemaker to regain control and
establish a normal heart rhythm.
Is to apply a controlled electrical shock to the heart,
which leads to depolarization of the entire electrical
conductive system of the heart.
•Impalantable cardioverter-defibrillator

28. Methods Of Defibrillation
▪ One electrode is placed on the right side of the
front of the chest just below the clavicle.
▪ The other electrode is placed on the left side of
the chest just below the pectoral muscle of
breast
▪ Exert 25 pound pressure on the paddle.

29. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

31. TYPES OF CPR
▪ ACTIVE COMPRESSION AND
DECOMPRESSION CPR(ACD- CPR)

32. Rib fractures
Laceration of the tip of the sternum&
sternal fracture
Diaphragm injury
Aspiration
Vomitting
Hemopericardium
COMPLICATIONS OF CPR

33. WHEN CAN I STOP CPR ?
• VICTIM REVIVES
• TRAINED HELP ARRIVES
• TO EXHAUSTED TO
CONTINUE
• UNSAFE SCENE
• PHYSICIAN DIRECTED
• CARDIAC ARREST FOR
MORE THAN
30 MINUTES

34. Why CPR May Fail ?
• Delay in starting
• Improper procedures (ex. Forget to
pinch nose)
• No ACLS follow-up and delay in
defibrillation
• Only 15% who receive CPR live to
go home
• Improper techniques
• Terminal disease or unmanageable
disease (massive heart attack)

35. FACTS ABOUT CPR

36. THANK YOU