Water treatment, water treatment plant, water treatment solution , arsenic treatment plant, water purification , water

1. REVERSE OSMOSIS
Reverse osmosis (RO) is a membrane-technology filtration method that
removes many types of large molecules and ions from solutions by applying
pressure to the solution when it is on one side of a selective membrane.
Reverse osmosis is the process of forcing a solvent from a region of high
solute concentration through a semipermeable membrane to a region of low
solute concentration by applying a pressure in excess of the osmotic
pressure

2. CURRENT APPLICATIONS
REVERSE OSMOSIS IS WIDELY USED IN
THE FOLLOWING FIELDS.
Drinking water purification.
Water and wastewater purification.
Food industry.
Car washing.
Maple syrup production.
Hydrogen production.
Reef aquariums.

3. STAGES OF REVERSE OSMOSIS
During the initial filtration stage, tap water or well water
(pressurized by a booster pump) is passed through a particle filter
(a pre-filter) that removes silt, sediment, sand, and clay particles
that might clog the R/O membrane.
The water is then forced through an activated carbon filter that
traps minerals and contaminants such as chromium, mercury,
copper, chloramine and pesticides. It also removes chlorine, which
is important, as chlorine will shorten the life of the membrane.
Water is transferred under pressure into the R/O module,
allowing only clean water to pass through the small pores in the
membrane. Impurities unable to pass through the membrane are
left behind and flushed down the drain.
Treated water is then sent to a storage tank.
Treated water is passed through an activated carbon filter before
use to further improve the water's taste and smell.

4. TREATMENT OF WATER THROUGH REVERSE OSMOSIS
Reverse osmosis (R/O) is a water treatment process in which water
is forced through a semi-permeable membrane that has very small
holes or "pores". Clean water passes through and impurities that
are too big to pass through the membrane are left behind and
flushed away.

5. TYPES OF WATER TREATMENT PLANTS
 DRINKING WATER TREATMENT PLANT
a) PACKAGED DRINKING WATER PLANT
b) JAR PLANT
 IRON TREATMENT PLANT
 ARSENIC TREATMENT PLANT
 SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT
 WATER SOFTNER
 DEMINERALISER
 SWIMMING POOL TREATMENT

6. PACKAGED DRINKING WATER
PLANT
• Water is a key to social equity to environmental stability
and to cultural diversity. Water is also firmly linked with
health. Pure and safe drinking water has always been a
necessity.
• The categories of bottled water in India are Packaged
Natural Mineral Water and Packaged Drinking Water
.Bottled water industry,colloquially called,the mineral
water industry,is a symbol of new life style emerging in
India. The packaged drinking water in India, which is
estimated at Rs.850 crores with over 200 brands floating
in the market, most of which have restricted territorial
distribution.

7. 20 L JAR PLANT
Water is a key to social equity to environmental stability and to
cultural diversity. Water is also firmly linked with health. Pure and
safe drinking water has always been a necessity.

8. IRON TREATMENT PLANT
Iron is an objectionable constituent of portable water.
Iron in water impart a bitter characteristic, metallic taste and cause oxidized
precipitate.
Coloration of water which may be yellowish brown to reddish brown and renders
the water objectionable or unsuitable for use.
In addition Iron stain everything with which it come in contact.
Iron exists in water in two levels. One as the bi-valent, Ferrous Iron ( Fe ++) and
the second one as the tri-valent, Ferric Iron (Fe+++).
The Ferric Iron generally occurring in the precipitated form. Iron forms complexes
of hydroxides and other in-organic complexes in solution with substantial amounts
of bi-carbonate, sulphate, Phosphate, Cyanide or Halides. Presence of organic
substances induces the formation of organic complexes which increase the
solubility of Iron.
The waters of high alkalinity have lower iron than waters of low alkalinity.

9. ARSENIC TREATMENT
PLANT
Arsenic poisoning is a medical condition caused by elevated levels of the
element arsenic.
Symptoms of arsenic poisoning begin with headaches, confusion, severe
diarrhea, and drowsiness. As the poisoning develops, convulsions and
changes in fingernail pigmentation called leukonychia may occur. When the
poisoning becomes acute, symptoms may include diarrhea, vomiting, blood
in the urine, cramping muscles, hair loss, stomach pain, and more
convulsions. The organs of the body that are usually affected by arsenic
poisoning are the lungs, skin, kidneys, and liver. The final result of arsenic
poisoning is coma to death.
Arsenic is related to heart disease, cancer, stroke, chronic lower respiratory
diseases, and diabetes.
Long term exposure to arsenic is related to vitamin A deficiency which is
related to heart disease and night blindness.
Research has shown that the inorganic arsenites in drinking water have a
much higher acute toxicity than organic arsenates .

10. WATER SOFTNER
Water softening is the reduction of the concentration of calcium, magnesium, and
certain other metal cations in hard water. These "hardness ions" can cause a variety
of undesired effects including galvanic corrosion, interfering with the action of soaps,
and the build up of limescale, which can foul plumbing.
Water softening methods mainly rely on the removal of Ca2+ and Mg2+ from a
solution or the sequestration of these ions, i.e. binding them to a molecule that
removes their ability to form scale or interfere with soaps. Removal is achieved by ion
exchange and by precipitation methods. Sequestration entails the addition of chemical
compounds called sequestration (or chelating) agents.
Since Ca2+ and Mg2+ exist as nonvolatile salts, they can be removed by distilling the
water, but distillation is too expensive in most cases (rainwater is soft because it is, in
effect, distilled).

11. SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT
Sewage treatment is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater
and household sewage, both runoff (effluents) and domestic.
It includes physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove physical,
chemical and biological contaminants.
Its objective is to produce an environmentally-safe fluid waste stream (or
treated effluent) and a solid waste (or treated sludge) suitable for disposal or
reuse (usually as farm fertilizer). Using advanced technology it is now possible
to re-use sewage effluent for drinking water.

12. DEMINERALISER
Water, even if it is occurring in nature, consists of lot of minerals which is
harmful for both humans and animals. The consumption of these harmful
minerals can be avoided by using demineralizer.
Dissolved ionic material from water is removed by demineralization process.
This process is followed to obtain pure water. Demineralization takes place in
an ion exchange unit called as demineralizer or deionizer that consist of
cation bed, an anion bed and a mixed bed in series.
The demineralizer plant consist of both cations and anions vessel which are
placed in series.

13. SWIMMING POOL TREATMENT
Proper water chemistry is required to keep a swimming pool safe and clean
for swimmers, and maintaining a swimming pool's chemicals can save pool
owners time and money.
By following some Water Treatment steps, any pool owner can maintain their
own swimming pool with the same results as the high-priced professionals.