Gender Sensitivity

1. for BAKAKENG NATIONAL HIGH
SCHOOL TEACHING AND NON-
TEACHING PERSONNEL
June 2, 2017
GENDER
SENSITIVITY
ORIENTATION

2. • Gender orientation:
– NOT an indictment BUT an opportunity to
reflect
– NOT a classroom BUT a venue for sharing:
common and deeper understanding of
gender issues
– NOT an imposition of a framework BUT a
venue for enrichment
INTRODUCTION ...

3. • Four Main Premises:
– NOT A WAR OF THE
SEXES
– NOT ANTI-MALE
– BOTH WOMEN AND MEN
ARE VICTIMS,
ALTHOUGH WOMEN
MORE THAN MEN
– BOTH HAVE A STAKE IN
THE STRUGGLE FOR
GENDER EQUALITY

4. GENDER EQUALITY
Women and
men equally
contributing
to and
benefiting
from
development.

5. REMINDERS:
• Listen with an open mind.
• Treat each other with respect.
• Everyone is a learner, everyone is a
teacher/mentor and a coach.

6. • Keep what is said in the group confidential.
Respect others’ right to privacy.
• Use “I’ language.
• Pass if you wish.
• Avoid making assumptions about other
people. If anything, assume diversity.
• Have fun!

7. Reflect
Focus
Relax
and have
FUN!

9. • Physical differences between men and women

10. SEX...
• the genetic and physical or biological
identity of a person which indicates
whether one is a male or female
• refers to biologically determined
differences between men and women
• Reproductive system
• External reproductive organs/ ari
• Hormones
• chromosomes

11. • A person is born male or female
• This is constant and unalterable
• It is natural; cannot be changed
• Universal

12. GENDER is . . .
* CULTURALLY
DETERMINED
- refers to socially
differentiated roles and
characteristics attributed by a
given culture to women and
men

13. * SOCIALLY INFLUENCED
- refers to socially learned
behavior and expectations
associated with any of
the two sexes

14. * Relative
* Learned through socialization
- gender is a product of culture;
it is learned
* Gender differences are imposed
through:
• roles
• rules
• responsibilities
• resources

15. • Frequently, those who follow these
gendered social rules are praised;
those who defy or violate them are
punished
• Gender can be changed or altered

16. GENDER as a social
construct
• Manipulation
• Handling of girls and boys differently
• Canalization
• Directing children’s attention to gender-
appropriate objects
• Verbal Appellation (starts with mind conditioning)
• Children become what they are told.
• Activity Exposure
• Children are familiarized with gender-
appropriate tasks

17. SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS...
• Family
• School
• Media
• Religion
• State
• Peers

18. RULES/
IMPOSITIONS IMPLICATIONS
GIRLGIRL

• Pink
BOYBOY

• Blue
STAGE: INFANCY

19. RULES/
IMPOSITIONS IMPLICATIONS
GIRLGIRL

• No biking
• Do not go out
(just stay at
home)
• Should not be
active or “sporty”
BOYBOY

• Climb trees
• Play outside
• Do not cry!
STAGE: CHILDHOOD
DO NOT LEARN RULES OF THE GAME
ASSERTIVENESS NOT PRACTICED
PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
LIMITING THEIR OPPORTUNITIES TO
EXPLORE & DEVELOP
DO NOT LEARN HOW TO BE
NURTURING
DON’T SHOW EMOTIONS
LIMITING THEIR POTENTIAL

20. RULES/
IMPOSITIONS IMPLICATIONS
GIRLGIRL

• Should be
reserved
• Should always be
careful: should not
stay out at night,
etc.
BOYBOY

“Boys will be boys”:
• Natural for boys to
be aggressive
• A boy has nothing
to lose if he gets
into any sexual
activity (in fact, he
gains his
“manhood”)
STAGE: TEENS
GROW UP NOT TRUSTING HERSELF
LOW SELF-STEEM
LIMITING THE OPPORTUNITY FOR
GIRLS TO BE MORE DECISIVE &
INDEPENDENT
GROW UP WITH FEAR
INDEPENDENCE
ASSERTIVENESS – BEING ACTIVE
HIGH SELF-ESTEEM
VALUES: OKAY LANG MAGING
POLYGAMOUS

21. RULES/
IMPOSITIONS IMPLICATIONS
GIRLGIRL

• Infidelity is
unacceptable
• A woman is
complete when
she is able to
conceive and bear
a child
BOYBOY

• Natural for men to
be polygamous
STAGE: ADULTHOOD
WALANG KUWENTANG BABAE
MASAMANG BABAE (hindi magandang
halimbawa)
Kung makabuntis o mambabae:
OKAY LANG!
PALIBHASA LALAKE
LALAKE NAMAN EH…
GANYAN TALAGA YAN… LALAKE YAN
EH…

22. FAMILY/PARENTS IMPLICATIONS
(a.k.a: what is wrong?)
Girls given household
chores; trained in housework
Boys should be aggressive,
go out; trained to be
decision-makers & leaders
INSTITUTIONS...
When there are limited
resources, girls should
just stay home…
while boys should have
the privilege to go to
school since they will be
future breadwinners.

23. FAMILY/HUSBAND
& WIFE
IMPLICATIONS
(a.k.a: what is wrong?
•Husband who does house
chores (palengke, laba, etc.)
•Husband who consults his
wife for decisions
•Husband who goes home
early
•Husband who is “going
straight” (no vices)
•Husband who does not go on
“night outs” with friends or
office mates
IKINAHIHIYA
UNDER DE SAYA!
RIDICULED BY RELATIVES &
FRIENDS
Restricting for men
Affects his self-esteem

24.  SCHOOL IMPLICATIONS
(a.k.a: what is wrong?)
Courses for boys:
engineering, medicine,
architecture, etc.
Courses for girls: nursing,
social work, secretarial,
education, etc.
On out-of-wedlock
pregnancy
A girl who gets pregnant while
studying gets kicked out – but a boy
who gets a girl pregnant does not
receive sanctions.
LIMITING GIRL’S AND BOY’S
OPPORTUNITY TO CHOOSE
(it is not anymore a matter of
choice but has become an
imposition)

25.  CHURCH IMPLICATIONS
(a.k.a: what is wrong?)
A woman’s virginity is sacred, it
should be given as a gift to his
husband once married.
Wedding rites
WORTH AS A WOMAN =
VIRGINITY…
While for MEN OKAY LANG!
(SIKAT PA NGA PAG MAY
EXPERIENCE NA)
WIFE, submit to your husband.
MAN, love your wife.

26.  PEERS IMPLICATIONS
(a.k.a: what is wrong?)
Girls should stay beautiful:
use cosmetic products, wear
nice clothes, stay thin, etc.
Boys should always be strong
physically (i.e. engage in sports)
and emotionally (i.e. should not
cry)
PAG DI KA MAGANDA IIWAN KA!
(Pero bakit di magpaganda para
sa sarili?)
SELF-WORTH = PHYSICAL
(ganda)
BIG RESPONSIBILITY OF BEING
THE PROVIDER
MORE MEN ARE
HYPERTENSIVE (because of
pent-up emotions)

27. GOVERNMENT IMPLICATIONS
(a.k.a: what is wrong?)
Laws favor men (e.g.
adultery, concubinage)
Men in general get higher
pay at work
FAVORS MEN
LESS OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN
TO TAKE LEADERSHIP POSITIONS
(i.e. from PTAs to coops, LGUs, and
congress)
WORK PLACE IMPLICATIONS
(a.k.a: what is wrong?)
Women in general work in
service industries (an
extension of their expected
role at home)
TRABAHO NA, BAHAY PA

28. MEDIA IMPLICATIONS
(a.k.a: what is wrong?)
Women in advertisements:
• cosmetic ads: convey that for a
woman to be loved, dapat
maganda, makinis, etc.
• other product ads:
BUY THIS BEER/LIQUOR/ CAR
– and this woman will be yours!
Sexy women in noontime shows
WOMEN SHOULD ALWAYS
BE YOUNG & BEAUTIFUL
(self-worth based on men’s
perceptions)
WOMEN ARE SEX
OBJECTS (pangkama,
pampagana)

29. It is because of
these gender
constructions or
impositions that
GENDER ISSUES
arise.
-They surface or
get manifested
at any stage in a
person’s life.
Gender Issues - are issues,
concerns, and problems
arising from different roles
played by men and women
in society, as well as those
that arise from questioning
the relationship between
them.
* gender biases
* gender inequality
* gender subordination

32. MANIFESTATIONS OF
GENDER BIASES

33. • Economic marginalization/ exploitation
(pagsasantabi/ paglalapastangan)
- value of women’s work is undermined
- unequal pay for work of equal value
- limited access to training, employment,
and promotion opportunities

35. • Subordination (Politikal or Pagmamaliit)
- positions of power and leadership are
largely dominated by men
- women holding elective positions from
the national down to local levels are
in the minority
- Status
- Decision Making
- Process of Socialization

37. • Multiple burden
- housework and child and family care
are still primarily considered as a
woman’s concern.

39. • Gender stereotyping (Pagkakahon)
- biased perception of women as the
weaker sex
- their roles, functions, and abilities are
primarily tied at home

41. • Violence against women
- women are more potential
victims of all forms of
violence
(battering, rape, sexual harassment,
sexual objects, mail order brides,
prostitution, etc)

43. • Effects on Personhood
- low self-esteem
- no control over one’s
body

44. Visions & Principles of Good-Fair Society
Manifestations of Gender Bias Principles for a Gender-fair Society
MARGINALIZATION
•Equal pay for work of equal value
•Economic opportunity
•Economic independence
SUBORDINATION •Quality participation in decision-making
•Recognition of capabilities
MULTIPLE BURDEN •Shared parenting
•Shared housework
GENDER STEREOTYPING
•Liberation form stereotyped images
•Non-sexist child rearing
•Non-sexist language
VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN •Freedom from violence
•Freedom from harassment
PERSONAL •Personhood development
•Control over one’s body
The Person is Political

45. Development must benefit
both men and women
GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT
- is about removing explicit, implicit,
actual and potential gender
biases within organizations and
programs, projects and activities
of those who are concerned with
development

46. GENDER
MAINSTREAMING
- refers to strategies and processes
to integrate gender-responsive
goals in the directions, policies,
programs, projects, activities, and
services of government and non-
government organizations.

47. THE END GOAL OF GENDER MAIN-
STREAMING IS TO ENABLE MEN AND
WOMEN TO EQUALLY CONTRIBUTE TO
DEVELOPMENT AND BENEFIT FROM ITS
FRUITS.

48. GENDER EQUALITY
Women and
men equally
contributing
to and
benefiting
from
development.

51. FOR EVERY WOMAN who is tired of acting weak when
she knows she is strong;
* THERE IS A MAN who is tired of appearing strong when
he feels vulnerable.
.

52. FOR EVERY WOMAN who is tired of acting dumb,
* THERE IS A MAN who is burdened with the
constant expectation of knowing everything.

53. FOR EVERY WOMAN who is tired of being called “an
emotional female”
* THERE IS A MAN who is denied the right to weep and be
gentle.

54. FOR EVERY WOMAN who feels “tied down” by her
children,
* THERE IS A MAN who is denied the full pleasure of
shared parenthood.

55. FOR EVERY WOMAN who is denied meaningful
employment and equal pay,
* THERE IS A MAN who must bear full financial
responsibility for another human being.

56. FOR EVERY WOMAN who was not taught the
intricacies of an automobile,
* THERE IS A MAN who was not taught the satisfaction
of cooking.

57. FOR EVERY WOMAN who takes a step toward her own
liberation,
* THERE IS A MAN who finds that the way to freedom
has been made a little easier.

58. LET'S HAVE A WONDERFUL
DAY AHEAD!
Thank You!
LOURDES B. LOMAS-E, EdD
PSDS, BAGUIO CITY DIVISION