Cultivation practices of rapeseed and mustard crop ppt
1. CULTIVATION PRACTICES OF
RAPESEED AND MUSTARD
CROP
COURSE TITLE= AGRO 5322
COURSE CODE =
SESSION = 2020-21
GUIDED BY –
Dr. C.K. CHANDRAKAR
(ASSISTANT PROFFESSOR OF AGRONOMY)
SUBMITTED BY- JANHAVI MAURYA
CLASS – B.Sc. Ag. 3rd year 2nd Sem.
UD. Id. - 110518024
2. CONTENT
INTRODUCTION
SOIL
VARITIES
SOWING TIME
SEED RATE AND SPACING
CULTURAL PRACTICES
FERITIZER APPLICATION
PLANT PROTECTION
WATER MANAGEMENT
MULCHING
CROP ROATION
HARVESTING
YIELD
Economics of Mustard Cultivation
Computation of mustard production cost
3. INTRODUCTION
Rapeseed and mustard (Brassica spp.) is an important oilseed crop
valued for its oil content.
Among the oilseeds, rapeseed and mustard play a very important role
in the North Eastern Hill Region which produces most important edible
oils.
India is the third largest rapeseed-mustard producer in the world after
China and Canada with 12 per cent of world’s total production (2006-
07).
This crop accounts for nearly one-third of the oil produced in India,
making it the country’s key edible oilseed crop. Due to the gap between
domestic availability and actual consumption of edible oils, India has to
resort to import of edible oils.
Rapeseed-mustard is the major source of income especially even to the
marginal and small farmers in rainfed areas.
4. Since these crops are cultivated mainly in the rain-fed and resource scarce regions
of the country, their contribution to livelihood security of the small and marginal
farmers in these regions is also very important.
By increasing the domestic production substantial import substitution can be
achieved. Due to its low water requirement (80-240 mm), rapeseed-mustard crops
fit well in the rainfed cropping system.
Cultivated in 26 states in the northern and eastern plains of the country, about 6.8
mha is occupied under these crops (2006- 07). Nearly 30.7% area under rapeseed
mustard is under rainfed farming.
5. SOIL
Rapeseed and mustard crops are grown on light loam, loam and clay loam soils.
Excessive alkaline or acidic soils are not suitable for cultivation of these crops.
The land preparation should be done properly with two ploughings followed by
planking to get a well pulverized, leveled land with good drainage facility.
7. Mustard - Chhattisgarh Sarson 2
Rice based cropping system in Bastar Plateau Zone as well as entire Chhattisgarh.
11.8 quintals per hectare It has 22.95%, 18.2%, 13.22% superior yield over Vardhan,
Varuna and Kranti respectively.or its attractiveness.
It gives 15-25% more economic yield in comparison to local and other
recommended varieties
8. Sarson Sowing Time:
The optimum sowing time for rapeseed and mustard is last week of September to
mid of October.
Delay in sowing results in exposure of crop to moisture stress at reproductive stage.
9. Seed rate & Spacing:
Recommended seed rate, distance between rows and plants should be followed
properly to get optimum plant population per unit area.
A seed rate of 5-6 kg/ha is sown in rows of 30-40 cm and plant to plant distance of
10-15 cm apart.
10. Cultural practices:
Thinning should be done 25-30 days after sowing to maintain proper plant to plant
distance according to the recommendations.
Further one hoeing is done to promote plant growth.
11. Fertilizer Application:
A fertilizer dose of 50:60:30 kg NPK/ha for rainfed crop of north eastern states is
found to be optimum.
Proper dose of fertilizer should be applied to exploit the full yield potential of
rapeseed and mustard.
Application of Sulpher (20 kg ZnSO4) and Boron (1 kg) has been found to be
beneficial in improving the seed and oil yield of mustard.
12. Plant Protection:
Two important diseases of rapeseed and mustard in this region
is white rust and Alternaria Blight.
For controlling these diseases, spray of Blitox-50 (0.3%) or
Diethane M 45 @ 2 g/l of water at 10 days interval is found to
be effective.
Among aphid species, mustard aphid is a key pest of rapeseed
and mustard causing 35-40% reduction in yield and 5-6 %
reduction in oil content.
Spraying of Dimecron 0.25 ml/lit of water 2-3 times or Rogor 1.5
ml/lit of water is found to be quite effective.
Early sown crop escapes the aphid incidence in rapeseed and
mustard.
13. Water management:
Rapeseed and mustard is sown on residual soil moisture hence no irrigation is
required in rapeseed and mustard.
But in the case of moisture stress one irrigation at flowering stage and siliqua
formation stage is required to obtain good yield.
Irrigation increases the yield of rapeseed and mustard significantly.
14. Mulching
Mulching with rice straw @ 4 ton/ha results in increase of mustard seed yield
significantly.
Mulching helps in improving the moisture storage capacity of soil and evaporation
losses are minimized by the use of mulches on the soil surface.
15. Crop Rotation
Rapeseed and mustard are grown in rotation with other crops like
maize, rice, groundnut, french bean etc.
The inclusion of rapeseed and mustard in cropping systems on
raised beds increase the production of oilseeds.
The following crop rotation may be followed in NEH Region:
Dry Upland terraces
Maize-mustard
Maize+French
bean-mustard
Rice-Mustard
Frenchbean-mustard
Groundnut-mustard
Lowland/wetland conditions (raised beds)
Maize-mustard Rice-mustard/pea /frenchbean
Rice-mustard-tomato
Rice-mustard-Potato
16. Harvesting:
It should be harvested when the pods turn yellowish.
The crop is liable to shattering, hence should be harvested just before the pods
open in order to avoid losses.
Threshing is done by bullocks or a tractor. Seed must be dried in sun till the
moisture content comes down to 8 percent.
17. Yield
With the use of improved varieties and other agronomic practices a yield
of 10-12 q/ha of rapeseed and 15-20 q/ha of mustard can be obtained
easily.
18. Economics of Mustard
Cultivation
It takes 2-2.5 Kgs of Hybrid seeds to be cultivated in
one acre. On an average the yield per acre is 6-8
quintals. Average crop duration of these seeds is 120-
125 days approximately. In India nearly 98-99% of the
cultivated area comprises hybrid seeds. Therefore we
shall consider the various cost incurred in planting with
the Hybrid seeds.
Hybrid varieties grown for commercial purpose are
1. Pusa Agrani
2. Varuna
3. Pusa Mahak
4. Narendra Agethi
5. 45 S 42
6. 45 S 468
7. Shredda
19. Cost of Cultivation For 1 Acre Land
Land Preparation Cost: Ploughing through tractor is done
during field preparation. Average Tractor charge to plough
one acre land is Rs 1000. One labour is enough per acre for
field preparation and cost of one labour is Rs.200.
Cost of Seed: Quality seeds to be purchased for ensuring
good returns. Seed rate to cultivate one acre is 2-2.5 kgs.
Cost of 1 Kg of quality seeds is Rs.200. Thus cost of
purchasing seed per acre is Rs.500.
Planting Cost: 2 Laborers are normally sufficient to do the
planting on an acre of land. Therefore planting cost amounts
to Rs 400.
Fertilizer and Weeding Cost: Mustard can be grown with
lower use of manure and fertilizer quantities thereby lowering
the overall cost. For one acre land fertilizer application cost is
Rs.1200 and cost of using manure is Rs.800. In context to
weeding cost, the charges for inter cultivation is Rs. 500 while
cost of spraying herbicides is Rs.600.
20. Protection Cost for Mustard Crop: Plant protection
measures i.e. protecting against Saw Fly and Saw
Dust totals nearly Rs.750-800 per acre.
Miscellaneous Cost: Includes expenses on Family
labor, land rent, interest on capital, Farm Machinery
Depreciation cost, electricity charges etc. for an acre
Land. These costs work out to be close to Rs.1175-
1200.
Mustard Harvesting Cost Harvesting is normally done
after 120-130 days of sowing. 2 Laborers are required
to harvest mustard crop in an acre, with the help of
sickles. Then, after the harvesting, two laborers are
again required to separate the seeds through
winnowing etc. Total cost mounts to Rs.800 therefore.
Transportation Cost: Final cost is incurred over
transporting the produce to nearby market for selling,
which is around Rs.250-300.
21. Computation of mustard production
cost:
We now compute the net expenses incurred on farming in one acre land. On
an average mustard yield per acre is 5-6 quintals. But high yielding varieties
and better agronomic practices can increase the yield to 6-8 quintals per
acre. The workings are given in the table given below:
22. Therefore Total Cost equals to Rs8750 per acre
approximately. It is advisable to add at least 10% of total
cost, considering other factors, like post-harvest losses
etc. Therefore Net cost comes early Rs. 9625/acre
approximately.
As on September 4, 2020 the average grades of Mustard
were being traded around Rs.5000-5500. Taking
Rs.5200/qtl as the average market price, net realization for
selling 6 quintals (taking minimum possible yield per
acre) will be Rs.31200.
Therefore farming of mustard in acre of land shall
generate net profit of Rs.22000 (approximately).
