1. Nervous system

2.  coordinates voluntary and involuntary actions
transmits signals between different parts of its
body.
 Central nervous system (CNS)
 contains the brain and spinal cord
 Involuntary movement
 parasympathetic system
 Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
 consists mainly of nerves, which are enclosed bundles
of the long fibers or axons
 motor neurons control voluntary movement
 sympathetic nervous system

3.  -Plegia
 -taxia

4.  Define d as paralysis
 Damage of nervous systems
-lost of muscle function for one or more muscles
affected bodily functions.
-loss of feelings
-affected area on sensory damages

5.  The three most common causes of paralysis are:
 Stroke
 Head injury
 Spinal cord injury – the spinal cord is a bundle of
nerve tracts that runs through the spine and helps
control the body's muscle
 Temporary paralysis occurs during REM sleep
 waking paralysis

6.  A complete injury
 total lack of sensory and motor function
 remaining intact axons or nerves crossing the injury
site do not function appropriately.
 An incomplete injury
 some sensation and movement
 ability of the spinal cord to convey “some” messages
to or from the brain

7.  There are also a number of medical terms used to
describe different types of paralysis
 monoplegia – where one limb is paralysed
 hemiplegia – where the arm and leg on one side
of the body are paralysed
 paraplegia – where both legs and sometimes the
pelvis and some of the lower body are paralysed
 tetraplegia – where both the arms and legs are
paralysed (also known as quadriplegia)
 Quadriplegia – where all limbs are paralysed. (Also
known as Tetraplegia)

8.  Cervical Spinal Cord Injury C1 – C8
 Thoracic Spinal Cord Injury T1- T12
 Lumbar Spinal Cord Injury L1-L5
 Sacral Spinal Cord Injury S1 – S5

9.  Quadriplegia
-paralysis or weakness in both arms and legs
-Loss of physical sensation
-respiratory issues
-bowel
-bladder
- sexual dysfunction.

10.  Paraplegia
 loss of physical sensation
 Bowel
 bladder
 sexual dysfunction.
 Arms and hands are not affected

11.  Spinal cord controls signals to the:
 lower parts of the abdomen and the back
 the buttocks,
 some parts of the external genital organs
 parts of the leg
 Paraplegia
- Loss of physical sensation, bowel, bladder, and sexual
dysfunction can occur.
 The shoulders, arms, and hand function are usually
unaffected.

12.  Sacral level injuries primarily cause:
- loss of bowel and bladder function
-sexual dysfunction
 These types of injuries can cause:
- weakness or paralysis of the hips and legs
 This area of the spinal cord controls signals to
the thighs and lower parts of the legs, the
feet, and genital organs.

13.  -taxia describes a lack of muscle control during
voluntary movements
 walking or picking up objects
 speech
 eye movement
 swallowing
 usually results from damage to
 cerebellum
 the part of your brain that controls muscle coordination.
 Cause including alcohol abuse
 stroke
 Tumor
 cerebral palsy
 multiple sclerosis

14.  Episodic ataxia
 startle, stress, or exertion
 continuous tremors of various motor groups (myokymia)
 Treatment
 Depending on subtype
 Spinocerebellar ataxia
 Type 1
 Type 2
 Type 3
 Genetic disorder
 poor coordination of hands, speech, and eye movements.
 clumsy motion
 Physical therapy
 range-of-motion exercises
 muscle strengthening

15.  walkers or canes, might help maintaining
independence.
 physical therapy, occupational therapy and
speech therapy.
 depends on the cause