2. What is a Social Institution?
-a group of social positions, connected
by social relations, performing a social
role, e.g. universities, government,
families.
3. Characteristics of an Institution?
• Institutions are purposive.
• They are relatively permanent in their
content.
• Institutions are structured.
• Institutions are a unified structure.
• Institutions are necessarily value-laden.
4. Functions of an Institution?
• Institutions are purposive.
• They are relatively permanent in their
content.
• Institutions are structured.
• Institutions are a unified structure.
• Institutions are necessarily value-laden.
5.
6.
7. The family is the smallest
social institution with the unique
function or producing and rearing
the young. It is the basic unit of
Philippine society and the
educational system.
8. Characteristics of the
Filipino Family
closely knit and has strong family
ties
has a strong loyalty among
members
individual interests are sacrificed
over the welfare of the group
kinship ties are extended to
“compadre” or sponsors
9. Functions of the Family
Reproduction of the race and rearing the
young
Cultural transmission or enculturation
Socialization of the child
Providing affection and a sense of security
Providing the environment for personality
development and the growth of self
concept
Providing social status
10. According to Membership
Conjugal or Nuclear Family Husband, wife and children
Consanguine or extended Family
Married couple, their parents, siblings,
grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousins
Kinds of Family Patterns
11. According to Terms of Marriage
Polyandry One woman married to two or more men
Polygamy One man married to two or more women
Cenogamy
Two or more men mate with two or more
women in group marriage
Kinds of Family Patterns
12. According to Line of Descent
Patrilineal
Descent is recognized through the father’s
line
Matrilineal
Descent is recognized through the
mother’s line
Bilineal
Descent is recognized through both the
father’s and mother’s line
Kinds of Family Patterns
13. Kinds of Family Patterns
According to Place of Residence
Patrilocal
Married couple lives with the parents of
the husband
Matrilocal
Married couple lives with the parents of
the wife
Neolocal
Married couple maintains a separate
household and live by themselves
14. Kinds of Family Patterns
According to Authority
Patriarchal
Father is considered the head and plays a
dominant role
Matriarchal
Mother is considered the head and makes
the major decisions
Equalitarian
Both the mother and father share in
making decisions and are equal in
authority
16. Multiple Functions of Schools
Technical/economic - refers to the
contributions of the school to the
technical or economic development
and needs of the individual, the
institution, the local community, the
society and the international
community.
17. Multiple Functions of Schools
Human/social - refers to the
contributions of the school to human
development and social relationships at
different levels of society.
18. Multiple Functions of Schools
Political - refers to the contributions of
the school to the political development
at different levels of society.
19. Multiple Functions of Schools
Cultural - refers to the contributions of
the school to the cultural transmission
and development at different levels of
society.
20. Multiple Functions of Schools
Education - refers to the contributions
of the school to the development and
maintenance of education at the
different levels of society.
21. Manifest and Latent Functions
of Education
Manifest functions of education are
defined as the open and intended goals or
consequences of activities within an
organization or institution.
Socialization
Social control
Social placement
22. Manifest and Latent Functions
of Education
Transmitting culture
Promoting social and political
integration
Agent of change
23. Manifest and Latent Functions
of Education
Latent functions of education are the
hidden, unstated and sometimes
unintended consequences of activities
within an organization or institution.
Restricting some activities
Matchmaking and production of social
networks
Creation of generation gap
24. Functions of Schools
by Calderon (1998)
Conservation function
Instructional function
Research function
Social service function
26. Religion is the socially
defined patterns of beliefs
concerning ultimate
meaning of life’ it assumes
the existence of the
supernatural.
-Stark
Super Yano
27. Characteristics of Religion
Belief in a deity or in a power beyond
the individual
A doctrine (accepted teaching) of
salvation
A code of conduct
The use of sacred stories
Religious rituals (acts and ceremonies)
28. Functions of Religion
Religion serves as a means of social control.
It exerts a great influence upon personality
development.
Religion always fear the unknown.
Religion explains events or situations which
are beyond the comprehension of man.
It gives man comfort, strength and hope in
times of crisis and despair.
29. Functions of Religion
It preserves and transmits knowledge, skills,
spiritual and cultural values and practices
It serves as an instrument of change.
It promotes closeness, love, cooperation,
friendliness and helpfulness.
Religion alleviates sufferings from major
calamities.
It provides hope for a blissful life after death.
30. Churches, sects and cults
Church – tends to be large, with
inclusive membership, in low tension
with surrounding society and tends
toward greater intellectual
examination and interpretation of the
tenants of religion.
31. Churches, sects and cults
Sect – has a small, exclusive
membership, high tension with
society. It tends toward the emotional,
mystic, stress faith, feeling, conversion
experience, to be “born again”.
32. Churches, sects and cults
Cult – the more innovative institutions
and are formed when people create
new religious beliefs and practices.
There are three types: audience cults,
client cults and cult movements.
33. Elements of Religion
Sacred - refers to phenomena that
are regarded as extraordinary,
transcendent, and outside the
everyday course of events - that is,
supernatural.
34. Elements of Religion
Legitimation of norms – Religious
sanctions and beliefs reinforce the
legitimacy of many rules and norms
in the community.
40. Basic Economic Problems
What goods and services to
produce and how much?
How to produce goods and
services?
For whom are the goods and
services?
Super Yano
42. The institution which resolves
conflicts that are public in nature and
involve more than a few people is
called a government. It can be city,
provincial, national or even
international.
43. Three Branches of the Government
Executive Enforces rules and laws
Legislative Makes rules and laws
Judicial Interprets rules and laws
44. Politics - a pattern of human
interaction that serves to
resolve conflicts between
people, institutions, and
nations
Politics and Administration
45. Administration - refers to
the aggregate of persons in
whose hands the reigns of
government are for the
time being.
Politics and Administration
46. Constituent - contribute to the
very bonds of society and are
therefore compulsary.
Constituent and Ministrant Functions of
the Government
47. Examples of constituent functions
• The keeping of order and providing
for protection of persons and
property from violence and robbery.
• The definition and punishment for
crimes
• The administration of justice in civil
cases.
Constituent and Ministrant Functions of
the Government
48. Ministrant - those undertaken
to advance the general interest
of society such as public works,
charity and are merely optional.
Constituent and Ministrant Functions of
the Government