This report presents findings from desk studies and country visits on the six East African countries (Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda) made on request of the Inter-Agency Donor Group on Pro-poor Livestock Development, as per study terms of reference. It includes recommendations on areas of donor support and collaboration, a regional dairy sector analysis, country dairy profiles, and current donor programs in the dairy sector.
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White gold - Opportunities for Dairy Sector Development Collaboration in East Africa - Makoni et al. 2014
1. Nathaniel Makoni, ABSTCM Ltd
Raphael Mwai, PPD Consultants
Tsehay Redda, EDBD Services
Akke van der Zijpp, Wageningen University
Jan van der Lee, Centre for Development Innovation, Wageningen UR
White Gold: Opportunities for Dairy Sector
Development Collaboration in Ethiopia & East
Africa
Inter Agency Donor Group Meeting,
Masaka-Mbarara, Uganda
April 1 to 3, 2014
9. 0 200 400 600 800 1000
Burundi
Ethiopia
Kenya
Rwanda
Tanzania
Uganda
US $
GDP /Capita WB 2012/13
Economics Data
Burundi
Ethiopia
Kenya
Rwanda
Tanzania
Uganda
2.4
7
8
6
1.53
3
Dairy Contribution to GDP (%)
?
<3
17. Poor
infrastructure
& access to
markets
Low cow
productivity:
feed&breed
Lack of
conducive
policy &
incentives
Limited
research &
extension
Inadequate
farm
management National &
Trans-boundary
diseases
Limited official
industry data
Low female &
youth
involvement
Seasonal
milk supply
Poor milk
quality
Inadequate
financial
services
1
10
9
8 7
6
5
4
3
2
11
12
18. 1. Low Milk Consumption in Ethiopia & East Africa Countrie
Private Sector
1. Awareness campaigns
2. Product diversification
3. Improve milk quality
4. Reduce costs e.g. transport,
processing & packaging
Donors & Governments
1. Policy incentives – encourage localized cottage industries
2. Increase education on importance of hygienic milk handling &
Quality
3. School milk feeding - parent co-fund
4. Fund programs for HIT, Girinka
- Suggested Solutions
19. Cezonyi MCC in Gishwati
Kidaco, Huye District Rwanda
Hajji Dairy Nyanza, Rwanda
Increased Local Good Quality Milk Consumption
Inclusive approach – finance licensed trained milk traders for low
overhead value addition
20. 2. Low adoption of technology, poor infrastructure
and market access
1.Co-funding entrepreneur investments e.g.
improve milk transportation
2.Promote innovative milk marketing models
3.Improve road and power infrastructure
4.Public cattle handling facilities
21. 3.Low Cow Productivity: Feed & seasonal drop
• Commercialize production
of fodder and feed
conservation
• Research on appropriate
fodder materials & pasture
management
• Invest in irrigation of high
biomass fodder crops &
legumes
Low feed supply:
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr
Volume(BillionLitres)
4. National Milk Production (Litres)
Seasonal drop
22. • Improve AI delivery
efficiency & cost
• Support inclusive
horizontal growth
model i.e. 1 grows to 5
cows
Inappropriate dairy breeds & herd size for smallholder
business viability
Burundi
Ethiopia
Kenya
Rwanda
Tanzania
Uganda
0.2
0.3
18
12
5.8
4.6
Annual Artificial Inseminations As %
National Herd
<20%
13
26
12 13 15 12
35
63
30
57
83 86
AI Cost/Service (US$) & Farmgate milk
equivalent/Service (liters)
24. • Governments to address trans-
boundary non-notifiable &
notifiable diseases
• Enforce regulatory framework on
drug quality and administration
• Reduce market distortions where
veterinary services are privatized
6. Poor National and Transnational Disease Control
Donors: regional policy, capacity in vaccine production eg GALVMED
Government: budget, surveillance, animal movement & quarantine
Private sector: – insurance and vaccination schedules
Lumpy skin FMD
Improve national and transnational veterinary services through
establishment of coordinating bodies and disease surveillance &
control
25. 7. Limited Research & Extension
• Increase funding to strengthen
regional applied dairy research &
farmer demonstration farms
• Match research programs with
stakeholder needs
• Improve dairy extension experience &
extension agent to farmer ratio
• Reconsider public extension role vs
private
Alfalfa Research
Farmer demonstration
26. 8. Inadequate Farm Management
Low farmer education and
organization
• Improve skill base
• Establishment of training
infrastructure
• Decentralized colleges - regional
campuses
• Mandatory industry attachment
for all DVC players
• Organizational & business skills, dairy technology, financial
literacy, & mentoring
27. 9. Limited Official Industry Data
• Support development of data collection, collation
systems and studies (e.g. on marketing & milk
demand projections)
• Strengthen project MLE programs & share data with
national data repositories
28. 10. Inadequate Financial Services: Hub Integration
K KDFFEADD I R Mukamira DairyGoRU UCCCUaBi Trust
APEX
Federation
Union
MCC dependent on milk buyers and have no growth
incentives. Finance MCC to integrate : form apex bodies
& value add
30. 1. Burundi - Bukkeye Dairy Farm
2. Ethiopia - Genesis
3. Kenya - Githunguri Dairy
4. Tanzania - Tanga Fresh
Other Regional Integrated models
31. 11. Lack of Conducive Policies and Incentives
• Support EADRAC to develop appropriate
milk quality standards
• Formation & strengthening of dairy
coordination and advocacy bodies
32. 12. Low Female and Youth Involvement
Empower women through:
1. Co-ownership of land and productive resources
2. Gender equity land tenure
3. Reducing drudgery – adoption of equipment
4. Equitable earning through inclusive business &
5. Facilitate involvement of youth in the dairy sub-sector
Abby Sugrue 2012 - LOL/USAID KDSCP
70% of dairy smallholder farmers are women
35. Burundi
Issues
• Power shortage – Rusizi III project
• Lack of large volume milk buyers to serve the expanded
formal supply base
• Competitiveness of local milk supply with imports
• Challenge to expand & maintain cold chain
• Credit & Finance –short term & unstable currency
• Weak farmer advocacy bodies & lack of dairy coordinator
36. Ethiopia
Issues
• Low Consumption - Religious & cultural fasting days
• Rural warm milk chain –Ayib & butter line
• Weak private sector contribution
• Weak farmer advocacy bodies & lack of dairy coordinator
37. Issues
• Milk quality & weak regulatory framework
• Oligopoly- 90% processing is under 3 companies
Kenya Dairy Board managing
director Machira Gichohi said they
banned milk hawking in urban
areas because some
"unscrupulous" businesspeople
are adulterating .
Kenya
38. Rwanda
Issues
• Large involvement of public sector – ownership?
• Inadequate legislation and enforcement of milk quality
standards
• Gishwati milk basin poor road infrastructure
• High cost packaging as result of plastic ban
39. Tanzania
1.Infant dairy sector requires entire DVC support
2.Low demand for processed milk
3.Limited institutional capacity and
compartmentalization/silos (Line ministry
knowledge experts not linked to local
government)
40. Uganda
1. Weak dairy public sector institutes
2. Limited participation by dairy farmers across the
nation e.g. Northern and Eastern regions
3. Inadequate supply of good quality milk for value-
added products e.g. milk powder
42. Development Projects Often Exclude
Commercial Dairy Farms & Processors
Integrate them for
• Knowledge &
technology transfer
• Heifer and fodder
supply
• Economies of scale
• market access
43. Promote innovation by entrepreneurs through
pooled investment grants and challenge funds
Inadequate Support of Value Chain Entrepreneurs
AECF Kenya grant to entrepreneur for commercial
production of quality dairy heifers
44. Stakeholder Concern Some Projects are Distorting
Markets
Shared value
Harmonize
Align
Consult
Donors/Implementers collaborate with lead milk buyers
& private actors to allay concerns about market
distortions
45. Uganda Dairy Rehabilitation Model
• United delivery approach & zero funding gaps-1986 to 2004
• Coordinated donor effort = Dairy sector growth >4%/ yr.
1. GoU – Policy
2. UNDP/FAO – Coordinator, TA, DDC
Secretariat
3. DANIDA – DCL, DMP study
4. ADB – DCL lab equipment, Bulk
tankers ,MCCs, restocking
5. WFP – DDC, Powder/Butter oil,
inputs, MCC, EDT Sch., vehicles
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Litres(000)
Year
Milk Production in Uganda 1991 -2008
Source DDA 2009
Some Programs Lack Shared Value, Synchrony & Duplicate
50. Conclusion
• Sustained impact will come from increased
consumption, female & youth participation
• Slow formal value chain growth calls for
diversified approach to development of
informal sector
• Opportunity for donor collaboration on
improving production, market access &
enabling environment
• Donor collaboration should promote private
sector innovation, integration & investment
52. Characterization of East African vs South Africa Dairy Parameters
Item Description East Africa South Africa
Average cows per farm 2 to 10 209
No. of Producers 20,000 to >600,000 2,686
Informal market channel (%) >80 3
Average milk production /cow/day <8 17.3
Seasonality drop (%) 58 25
Processing Capacity Utilization <60 >80
Processed dairy products <9 13
% Smallholder farms 80 < 5%
Dairy Breed composition (%) <20 >90
Commercial fodder (%) <10 >90