Talks about perfect aspect

1. Present
Perfect
Jamal

2. The
use
of
time
expressions
like
(this
morning/week/month
and
today)
for
present
perfect
and
past
simple
at
the
same
time
depending
on
the
situation.
For
completed
time
period
(
past
simple)
For
time
period
including
the
present
moment
(present
perfect)
Past
simple
used
with
since
as
the
transition
word
in
time
clause

3. If
two
situations
described
in
the
main
clause
or
extend
until
present
we
use
present
perfect,
e.g.
Have
you
seen
him
since
you
have
stayed
there?
*
With
time
clauses
like
(after,
when,
until,
as
soon
as,
once,
by
the
time)
and
time
expressions
like
(the
minute/second/
moment)
the
simple
past
refer
to
past,
completed
event
and
the
present
perfect
refer
to
future
events.

4. Present
simple
can
replace
present
perfect
in
time
clause
and
past
perfect
replaces
past
simple.
For
news
report
to
hear
latest
events
we
use
present
perfect
but
we
use
past
simple
and
other
past
tenses
to
give
the
details.

5. After
patterns
like
(It
is/will
be
the
first
time,
this
is/will
be
the
first
time,
thatis/
will
be
the
first
time),
we
use
present
perfect
in
the
next
clause,
but
when
we
have
(was)
we
use
past
perfect.

6. How
Long
It
can
be
used
with
present
perfect
(till
now)
&
present
perfect
continuous,
e.g.
• How
long
have
you
been
married?
(till
now)
• How
long
have
you
been
studying
English?
u Using
since
and
for
u Used
to
focus
on
a
duration

7. Stative
verbs
used
in
simple
aspect
rather
than
the
continuous
aspect.
With
extensive
verbs
we
use
both
perfect
and
perfect
continuous.

8. When
It
can
be
used
with
present
simple
and
past
simple
,
but
can’t
be
used
with
perfect
tenses.
With
when
we
use
specific
point
of
time
rather
than
duration.
There
is
an
exception
which
is
the
phrase
(it’s
or
it
is
can
be
used
instead
of
it’s
been
or
it
has
been)
with
since

9. Past
perfect
It
is
also
known
as
far
past
because
it
usually
happens
before
past
simple.
It
usually
occurs
with
past
simple.
When
we
talk
about
events
before
another
past
event
sometimes
we
can
use
past
simple
instead
of
past
perfect.
If
the
order
was
clear
we
can
use
past
simple
in
this
case.

10. It
is
widely
used
in
reporting
past
event
especially
in
reported
speech.
We
use
past,
past
perfect
or
past
perfect
continuous
for
things
we
intended
to
do
but
we
didn’t
or
for
future
but
we
won’t.
Note:
examples
from
the
book.

11. Present
perfect
&
Present
perfect
continuous
We
use
present
perfect
continuous
to
focus
on
the
activity
rather
than
the
completion
of
the
action
as
the
case
in
present
perfect.
We
use
present
perfect
continuous
when
we
still
do
the
action
or
the
action
may
continue
for
future.