Exclusive for Nursing & Public Health Discipline

2. Professor
Pokhara
PRESENTED BY
Jagan Kumar Ojha
MSc. Tutor
Dept. of Community Health Nursing
SNC, SOA DTU

4. Definition of
Health :• “Health is a state of complete physical,
mental and social wellbeing and not merely an
absence of disease or infirmity.”
• - W.H.O.(1948)
• “ Health is the condition of being sound in
body,mind and spirit ,especially freedom from
physical disease or pain.”
• -Webster .



5. 5
 The WHO definition of health has been criticized as
being too broad. Some argue that can not be defined
as a “state” at all, but must be seen as a process of
continuous adjustment to the changing demands of
living and of the changing meaning we give to life. It
is dynamic concept. It helps people live well, work
well and enjoy themselves.
DEFINITIONS OF HEALTH

6. CONCEPT OF HEALTH
6

7. Concepts Of Health
Biomedical concept
Holistic concept
Psychococial concept
Ecological concept

8. BIOMEDICAL CONCEPT
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 Traditionally, health has been viewed as an “absence
of disease”, and if one was free from disease, then
the person was considered healthy.
 This concept has the basis in the “germ theory of
disease”.
 The medical profession viewed the human body as a
machine, disease as a consequence of the breakdown
of the machine and one of the doctor’s task as repair of
the machine.

9. BIOMEDICAL CONCEPT :
if one has free from disease, then the person was considered
healthy. According to “biomedical concept” which is based on
‘germ theory of disease’.
Enters HUMAN
BODY
Cause ILLNESSDISEASEMICROORGANISM

10. ECOLOGICAL CONCEPT
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11. ECOLOGICAL CONCEPT
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 According to Dubos “Health implies the relative absence
of pain and discomfort and a continuous adaptation and
adjustment to the environment to ensure optimal
function.”
 The ecological concept raises two issues, viz.
imperfect man and imperfect environment.

12. PSYCHOSOCIAL CONCEPT
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13. HOLISTIC CONCEPT
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 This concept is the synthesis of all the above
concepts.
 It recognizes the strength of social, economic,
political and environmental influences on health.
 It described health as a unified or multi dimensional
process involving the wellbeing of whole person in
context of his environment .

14. NEW PHILOSOPHY OFHEALTH
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 Health is a fundamental human right.
 Health is essence of productive life.
 Health is inter- sectoral.
 Health is integral part of development.
 Health is central to quality of life.
 Health involves individuals, state and
international responsibility.
 Health and its maintenance is major social
investment.
 Health is world-wide social goal.

15. Professor
Pokhara

16. 1.Physical Dimensions :
 Physical health means perfect functioning of the body in which each organ is
working in harmony with the maximum capacity.
 Physical health is achieved by the exercise, healthy diet, adequate rest and sleep
and no smoking or alcohol intake.
 To maintain proper physical health there is need for taking safety precautions,and
regular follow up with the health care providers.
 Signs of physical health :
 A good complexion.
 A clean skin.
 Bright eyes.
 Not too fatty.
 A sweet breath.
 A good appetite.
 Sound sleep.
 Regular activities of bowels and bladder.
 Smooth, easy, and coordinated bodily movements.

17. 2.Mental Dimensions :
 Mental health is a state of balance between body and mind .
Earlier the body and mind were considered two separate
entities.
 But these are interrelated as physical illness can result mental
illness and vice versa.
How mental illness influence physical health has been shown in
fig;
Mental illness
DEPRESSION
Poor nutrition
intake
Poor hygiene
Physical
illness
Prone to
infection
Decresed
immune
system

18. MENTAL DIMENSION
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 Ability to think clearly and coherently. This deals
with sound socialization in communities.
 Mental health is a state of balance between the
individual and the surrounding world, a state of
harmony between oneself and others, coexistence
between the relatives of the self and that of other
people and that of the environment.
 Mental health is not merely an absence of
mental illness.

19. Characteristics of mentally healthy person :
1. Mentally healthy person will be capable of making personal and social
adjustment.
2. Mentally healthy person is free from internal conflicts.
3. He faces problems and tries to solve them intelligently.
4. He has good self control balances rationally and emotionally.
5. He knows him self his needs problems and goals.
6. He has strong sense of self esteem.
7. He serches for identity.
8. He lives a well balanced life means able to maintain the balance
between work rest and recreation.

20. 3.Social Dimensions:
An individual is socially healthy if he is able to
maintain harmonious relationship with other members
of society in which he lives.
The social dimensions of health includes;
 Communication
 Intimacy
 Respect
 Equality
 Social functioning

21. SOCIAL DIMENSION
 Ability to make and maintain relationships with
other people or communities.
 Harmony and integration within and between each
individuals and other members of the society.
 Social dimension of health includes the level of social
skills one possesses, social functioning and the ability
to see oneself as a member of a larger society.
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22. SPIRITUAL DIMENSION
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 Spiritual health is connected with religious beliefs and
practices. It also deals with personal
creeds, principles of behavior and ways of achieving
peace of mind and being at peace with oneself.
 It is intangible “something” that transcends
physiology and psychology.
 It includes integrity, principle and ethics, the purpose
of life, commitment to some higher being, belief in
the concepts that are not subject to “state of art”
explanation.

23. Spiritual Dimensions :
•  It includes love , charity, purpose ,
principles , ethics, intigrity,hope of life.
•  Meditations ,prayers, or spiritual
gatherings are organizedto maintain
spiritual health.

24. 5. Emotional Dimensions :
This aspect of health deals with the ability to express emotions
appropriately; cope with conflict, stress, and change in a healthy way;
and enjoy life; sometimes referred to as the psychological dimension
of health
Emotional health includes ;
o An emotionally healthy person has a positive thinking and is
capable of coping and adjusting self.
o An emotionally healthy person participates in all the activities which
are related to personal growth and his self esteem.
o Emotionally well people have the ability to express feelings freely
and manage feelings effectively.
o They are also aware of and accept a wide range of feelings in
themselves and others.

25. 6. Vocational Dimension :
 The choice of profession, job satisfaction, career ambitions and
personal performance are all important components of this
dimension.
 To be occupationally well, a person is ultimately doing exactly
with what they want to do in life and are comfortable with their
future plans.
 Vocational dimension of health can be assesed by ;
 Assessing the satisfaction level at job ,
 Facilities attached to the job ,
 Behaviour of the management and administrator and of
colleagues at job.

26. 7.Other dimensions :
 A few other dimensions also suggested such as ;
 Cultural dimensions
 Socio-economic dimensions
 Environmental dimensions
 Educational dimensions
 Nutritional dimensions etc..