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THYROID HORMONE Location: The thyroid gland located below the larynx on each side of and anterior to the trachea. Largest Endocrine Hormone Secretion: secretes: 1. thyroxine (T4) 2. triiodothyronine (T3) 3. Also secretes calcitonin (an important hormone for calcium metabolism) Cell: Thyrotopes secretion is controlled by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the anterior pituitary gland. 93% T4 & 7% T3 T4→T3 in tissues Qualitatively same Differ in Rapidity & Intensity of action. T3 is 4 times more potent than T4, but decrease conc. In blood & decrease half life. T3 and T4 combine mainly with thyroxine-binding globulin. More than 90% of Thyroid hormone that binds with cellular receptors is T3. T4 No effect for 2-3 days after injection Long Latent Period. Activity peaks in 10-12 days & ↓↓ with a half life of 15 days. In some cases it takes 6 weeks-2 months. T3 4 times rapid Latent Period 6-12 hours Peak in 2-3 days Composed of large numbers of closed follicles filled with colloid and lined with cuboidal epithelial cells that secrete into the interior of the follicles The major component of colloid is the large glycoprotein Thyroglobulin contains the thyroid hormones within its molecule. 50mg/year, 1mg/week Ingested iodine in the form of iodides Iodides ingested orally are absorbed from GIT ⅕ removed from the blood by thyroid cells for synthesis of hormones; rest excreted through kidneys. Basal membrane of thyroid cells has an active pump to push iodides to interior (Iodine Pump). Normally 30% more conc. Inside Max. active 250% more conc. Inside The rate of Iodine trapping is influenced by conc. of TSH TSH stimulates and hypophysectomy greatly diminishes the activity of the iodide pump in thyroid cells.
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Human Anatomy,
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