Homeostasis
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mekanisme hoeostatik
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Homeostasis
- 1. Homeostasis
- 2. Homeostasis berarti : Menjaga kondisi internal dalam tubuh dalam kondisi konstan
- 4. Kondisi internal yang perlu dikontrol misalnya : Temperatur air dlm tubuh ion dlm tubuh pH darah
- 5. Mekanisme Homeostatik melibatkan: •Reseptor - menerima informasi •Pusat kontrol - memerintahkan apa yg harus dilakukan •Effektor – merespon utk merubah lingkungan internal 1-10
- 6. Fedback negatif Terjadi jika ada perubahan yg menyebabkan sistem merespon utk mengurangi StatusNormal Perubahan (peningkatan/penurunan) Terdeteksi oleh reseptor Respon oleh Kelenjar/otot (organ efektor) Pengurangan stimulus Feedback negatif
- 7. Thermoregulasi Kontrol tubuh terhadap temperatur maximize metabolic efficiency reduce oxygen use protect enzyme function reduce calorie expenditure
- 8. Temperatur tubuh dimonitor dan dikontrol oleh pusat termoregulator di hipotalamus Mempunyai reseptor yg sensitif thd suhu darah yg mengalir ke otak Reseptor temperatur di kulit mengirim impuls ke pusat -----beri informasi suhu kulit
- 9. Apa yg terjadi jika tubuh terlalu panas? Otot kulit akan relaksasi, rambut flat Glandula sudorifera sekresi keringat di permukaan kulit utk meningkatkan pembuangan panas scr evaporasi Vasodilatasi pembuluh darah kulit, panas banyak dibawa darah ke kulit, dibuang ke udara
- 10. Apa yg terjadi jika tubuh terlalu dingin? Otot kulit berkontraksi, rambut tegak Glandula sudorifera berhenti mensekresi Vasokontriksi pembuluh darah kulit Kontraksi dan relaksasi otot secara cepat, menghasilkan energi panas (menggigil)
- 13. Osmoregulasi Mengontrol level air dalam tubuh Hipotalamus mengontrol pelepasan ADH Kontrol level air oleh ginjal
- 14. Osmosis Sel
- 15. Hypertonic Solution 0.9% NaCl 3% NaCl normal krenasi
- 16. Hypotonic Solution 0.9% NaCl 0.5% NaCl normal bengkak lisis
- 17. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH= vasopresin) ADH Hypertonic Interstitial Fluid Collecting Duct H2O Urine
- 18. Normal status Air< < di darah Terdeteksi oleh hipotalamus ADH >> dilepaskan Oleh glandula pituitaria Ginjal mengabsorbsi Banyak air Produksi Urin << Misalnya krn apa???
- 19. Normal status Air >> di darah Terdeteksi oleh hipotalamus ADH << dilepaskan Oleh glandula pituitaria Ginjal mengabsorbsi Sedikit air Produksi Urin >> Karena apa???
- 20. Blood pH = 7.4 (7.35-7.45) pH darah diatur oleh 1. Kidneys 2. Lungs 3. Buffers in blood
- 22. Pengaturan pH oleh ginjal Jika pH terlalu rendah Ekskresi ion hidrogen, mempertahankan bikarbonat Jika pH terlalu tinggi Mempetahankan hidrogen, ekskresi bikarbonat
- 23. Pengaturan pH oleh paru Jika pH terlalu rendah Bernafas lebih cepat untuk mengeluarkan CO2 (CO2 akan membentuk asam karbonat dlm darah) Jika pH terlalu tinggi Bernafas lebih lambat utk mempertahankan CO2
- 24. Carbon Dioxide and Acid CO2 + H2O H2CO3 H+ + HCO3 - Carbonic Acid
- 25. More Carbon Dioxide = More Acid = Lower pH Breathing slower will retain CO2 , pH will decrease (more acid) Breathing faster will eliminate more CO2 pH will increase (less acid)
- 26. Blood pH Drops to 7.3 How does the body compensate? Breath faster to get rid of carbon dioxide eliminates acid
- 27. Blood pH Increases to 7.45 How does the body compensate? Breath slower to retain more carbon dioxide retains more acid
Notas do Editor
- You recall that osmosis is the movement of water across a membrane to the side of the membrane with more solutes. Which way will water move in this example? The concentration of solutes is greater inside the cell in this example. *Water will therefore move into the cell.
- In this example a cell with the equivalent of 0.9% NaCl is in a 3% NaCl solution. Which way will water move? *Water will move to the outside of the cell. Since the solution outside the cell has more solutes we say it is a hypertonic solution.
- Which way will water move in this example? *Water will move into the cell because there are more solutes in the cell. *The solution outside of the cell is hypotonic.
- Antidiuretic hormone is produced by the hypothalamus of the brain. *ADH works on collecting ducts of kidney nephrons. ADH will cause the pores of the collecting duct to dilate and thus allow water to move faster. *Water will leave the collecting duct because the interstitial fluid around the collecting duct is hypertonic. ADH prevents the body from losing too much water.
- The pH of the blood is normally about 7.4. It can fluctuate between 7.35 and 7.45 and still be in homeostasis. *To maintain homeostasis the body has several mechanisms to regulate pH. *The kidneys play a major role in the regulation of pH. *Our lungs also help to maintain normal pH. *Also, buffers in the blood help keep the pH in the normal range.
- This diagram illustrates how the kidneys regulate blood pH. The nephron of the kidney pulls hydrogen ions out of the blood and excretes them in the urine. Also, the kidneys will pump the base, bicarbonate into the blood. Bicarbonate will neutralize acids.
- The kidneys can adjust the blood pH whether the pH is too low or too high. *If the pH is too low the kidneys can excrete excess hydrogens and retain bicarbonate. *If the pH is too high the kidneys will retain hydrogen ions and excrete bicarbonate.
- The lungs regulate pH by regulating the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood. *If the pH is too low we can breath faster to get rid of excess carbon dioxide. You recall that carbon dioxide forms carbonic acid in the blood. By eliminating carbon dioxide we eliminate carbonic acid. *We will breath slower to retain carbon dioxide if the pH is too high. The extra carbon dioxide forms carbonic acid to lower the pH.
- Carbon dioxide will form carbonic acid as illustrated on this slide. *Carbonic acid will release the hydrogen ion. It is hydrogen ions that determine the pH.
- More carbon dioxide means more acid and a lower pH *By breathing slower the body will retain carbon dioxide and the pH will decrease or become more acidic. *Breathing faster will eliminate more carbon dioxide and the pH will increase or become less acidic.
- If the blood pH drops to 7.3 how does the body compensate? *One thing it will do is breath faster to get rid of carbon dioxide. Eliminating carbon dioxide will eliminate acid and raise the pH.
- If the pH increases to 7.45 how does the body compensate? *It will breath slower to retain more carbon dioxide. This will increase the acid level in the blood to lower the pH.