3D Printing Trends in Industries

3D printing
Industry trends
2015

Alexander Lisovsky
CoFounder at ZZ Photo
a.lisovsky@zzphoto.me
facebook.com/alexlisovsky, pinterest.com/alexlisovsky,
twitter.com/lisovsky

3D printing materials
1. gypsum polymer (full color plaster)
2. photopolymers (precision plastics)
3. metals (titanium, cobalt-chromium, steel)
4. polyamide (durable and flexible plastic)
5. porcelain.

I. 3D printing technology
that extrude, pour or spray
something
http://geektimes.ru/post/208906/

3D printing technologies
1. FDM (fused deposition modeling) printers
squeeze material layer by layer through a nozzle
dispenser.

2. Polyjet technology. The technology lies in the following:
photopolymer is fired in small doses from thin nozzles as in inkjet
printing, and immediately polymerizes on the surface of the
manufactured device while being exposed to UV radiation. PolyJet
differs from stereolithography by its ability to print a variety of
materials.
Advantages of the technology: a) the layer thickness is up to 16
microns (blood cell is 10 microns thick), b) prints quickly as fluid can be
applied very quickly. Disadvantages of technology: a) only prints using
photopolymer - narrowly specialized, expensive plastic which is usually
sensitive to UV and fairly fragile.
Usage: industrial prototyping and medicine

3. LENS (LASER ENGINEERED NET SHAPING) Material in the form of
powder is blown out of the nozzle and hits the focused laser beam.
Part of the powder flies past, and the part that instantly gets in the
laser focus gets sintered, forming layer by layer a three-dimensional
detail. This technology is used to print steel and titanium objects.
Before this technology, it was only possible to print objects made of
plastic, so nobody took 3D printing seriously, and after this technology
has appeared, it has opened the door for 3D printing in the "big"
industry. Powders of different materials can be mixed and thereby
alloys can be obtained on the fly.
Usage: for example, titanium turbine blade with internal cooling
channels.

4. LOM (laminated object manufacturing) Thin laminated
sheets of material are cut with a knife or laser and then
sintered or glued into a three-dimensional object. For
example a thin sheet of material is cut along the contour
of the object, another layer is cut above it and so on.
After that, all the sheets are pressed or sintered.
Thus the 3D models can be printed out of paper, plastic or
aluminum. Print patterns from aluminum are made from
a thin aluminum foil, which is cut along the contour layer
by layer and then sintered by means of ultrasonic
vibration.

II. 3D printing technologies
that glue or sinter
something

SL (Stereolithography)
There is a small bath with a liquid polymer. The laser
beam passes through the surface and the polymer
polymerizes under UV. After one layer is prepared, a
platform with a workpiece goes down, the liquid polymer
fills the void and then the next layer is baked and so on.
Sometimes it is vice versa: the platform with the part
goes up, the laser is located below...
After printing using this method, the object requires post-
processing - the removal of excess material and support,
sometimes the surface is being polished.

LS (laser sintering) Similar to the SL, but instead of a liquid photopolymer a
powder is used and it is sintered by laser.
Advantages: a) less likely that the item will break in the printing process, as
the powder itself acts as a reliable support b) material in powder form is quite
easy to find, this also could be: bronze, steel, nylon, titanium
Disadvantages: a) spongy surface as a result b) some powders are explosive,
therefore must be stored in a chamber filled with nitrogen c) sintering occurs
at high temperatures, so it can take a long time to cool down, depending on
the size and thickness of the layers, some objects may cool down up to one
day

3DP (three dimensional printing)
The technology was invented in 1980 at MIT by the
student named Paul Williams, the technology has been
sold in several commercial organizations, one of which -
zCorp, now absorbed by 3D Systems.
Glue is applied on the powdered material and it binds
the granules, then another powdered layer is applied
and so on. The output is usually a sandstone material
(with similar properties to gypsum)

3D printing and cars
SLA ProX 800 printer produces very large
photopolymer parts of high quality and
precision, which makes this technology suitable
for car parts’ prototypes production.
http://habrahabr.ru/company/3dprintus/blog/244533/

3D printing fields of
application

3D printing and cars

3D Car Strati
http://hi-news.ru/technology/video-predstavlen-pervyj-v-mire-avtomobil-napechatannyj-na-3d-printere.html

http://hi-news.ru/technology/video-predstavlen-pervyj-v-mire-avtomobil-napechatannyj-na-3d-printere.html
The car will only include 47 parts, whereas the
normal car has more than 20 000 items.
The initial version of the car would have to travel at
a speed of 65 km/h. Car charge will be enough for
the distance from 193 to 245 kilometers.
The cost will vary from $18,000 to $30,000,
depending on the characteristics.
3D Car Strati

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=daioWlkH7ZI
3D Car Strati

3D printer for the aerospace
industry

http://www.popmech.ru/technologies/53501-v-kitae-sozdan-3d-printer-dlya-aerokosmicheskoy-industrii/
Arcam produces industrial 3D-printers based on
EBM (electron-beam melting) technology, which
allows to produce precision parts made of
titanium.
This solutions allow to reduce the weight of the
missiles’ structural elements, for example.
3D printer for the aerospace
industry

http://www.popmech.ru/technologies/53501-v-kitae-sozdan-3d-printer-dlya-aerokosmicheskoy-industrii/
3D printer for food

The device is able to print anything - from
chocolate braid to pizza, and it can even make
ravioli with filling. The ingredients are loaded
into special containers (no need for
cartridges), and after that you can print your
dish.
Foodini does not cook, so, of course, some
actions should be made by the user (for
example, to put the pizza in the oven)

3D printers and construction
http://youtu.be/SObzNdyRTBs

The construction of this magnificent building designed by the famous
Antoni Gaudí began in 1882 and it still continues.

3Doodler
http://the3doodler.com/

3Doodler
Doodler allows to do five types of models:
Flat. When the pattern is printed on a sheet of paper and just circled by Doodler.
Glued. Here it is necessary to cut around the pattern and glue a few details using
Doodler.
Framed. More complex kind of modeling. The model building is completely
unattached to surface and without using of pre-printed parts. With this type of
construction the model is built up level by level.
Filled. This model can be done in one long set with Doodler, and you get not a
wireframe model, but a model which consists entirely of molten plastic turns.
Hybrid. Models that combine various elements of the previous types.

3Doodler

http://hi-news.ru/audio/kompaniya-normal-predlagaet-3d-pechat-individualnyx-naushnikov.html
Best headphones are the ones that are custom-
built for specific ears.
The buyer must download a special app for
Android or iOS and with its help take pictures of
his ears, after that he should select the color
and the desired length of the headphones cord,
then send the photos to the Normal.
3D printing of headphones

3D printer and medicine

3D printer and medicine
In 2012, the first operation with mandibular implant printed on a 3D printer took
place. Material - titanium.

Spine
Crown of developments in this area is a recent
operation by Beijing scientists on the spine of a 12-
year-old boy with a spinal cord malignant tumor. The
material from which the vertebrae is made is spongy,
and the scientists believe, that there will be no need to
change the vertebrae as the bone tissue will simply
grow around it, so that the vertebrae will become the
integral part of the body.

Skull
75% of the patient's skull has been replaced with
printed part. Quite a result. This operation took place
on March 4, 2013 in the United States. The result
follows the shape of the smallest details.
According to the Oxford Performance Materials, from
300 to 500 people in the US each month can become
the patients who would require such operations. They
are usually traffic accidents victims, military and cancer
patients with tumors in the skull.

Other bones
1) Speed. Using traditional techniques of casting
prostheses is a long process.
2) Light-weight. Weight, by the way, can be adjusted by
changing the porosity of the titanium prosthesis.
3) Porosity. This property allows the prosthesis to "grow
into" living tissues.
This June several operations took place in China, in
which patients were implanted with the clavicle,
scapula and right iliac.

There was a surgery this year in Britain, in which a hip was replaced with a printed part.
71-year-old grandmother was put on her feet. Material - titanium powder.

Joints
Earlier this year in the United States, the first man with
the 3 D printed implanted knee appeared.
Why it is better than usual implants? The truth lies in
the "little things": usually you need to select a
prosthesis, and then the bone is grinded to be attached
to it. But in this case, developers took the results of
computed tomography and made a joint that most
naturally suited for the patient.

Ear
There is a concept which
involves live human cells
and inductive radio
antenna. This concept is
still being discussed. It is
created for testing usage
of the nanoelectronics in
3D printing.

Orthopedic products
The idea is on the surface: printing of the orthopedic
insoles on a 3D printer after scanning becomes very
easy and fast.

Resume
3D printing in the field of medicine has not yet revealed
its full potential. Many believe that print organs are on
the way. Perhaps there are 10-12 years left to this.
In future doctors will not wait until the donor gets in an
accident, leaving his healthy organ to donate, doctors
simply will take the necessary tests and type the
desired organ.

SLM has printed
Rover Asimov R3C,
which will fly to
the Moon next year
http://habrahabr.ru/company/
3dprintus/blog/244533/

3D Printing Trends in Industries

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