KING VISHNU BHAGWANON KA BHAGWAN PARAMATMONKA PARATOMIC PARAMANU KASARVAMANVA...
Authoritarianism_ Forms of government
1.
2. “Government by a little group of leaders. In
contrast to totalitarian regimes, authoritarian
regimes have no distinct state ideology and
grant some amount of freedom (e.g.
economic and cultural) as long as their rule
is not jeopardized. The most important goal
of authoritarian regimes is the maintenance
of power and the personal enrichment on
cost of the country and its population.”
http://www.democracy-
building.info/definition-democracy.html
3. A political system that denies
popular participation in
government
A political system that denies
citizens the right to participate in
government.
Different to people’s needs and
lacks the legal means to remove
leaders from office
Provides people with little or no
way even to voice their
opinions
4. Characteristics
May respond
harshly if people try
to involve
themselves into
politics.
Allow people relative
freedom in the are of
religion, cultural life,
economic affairs.
Limited by their
ability and desire to
exert control over
citizen.
Operate within the
framework of a
constitution or legal
system.
5. characteristics
The views of leader may be
tolerated and supported by fear.
Conservative.
A passive and active citizenry.
Avoiding mobilizing popular
support.
Strong militaries and political
parties take control over people.
6. How many Authoritarianism
Governments exist in the world today?
By using the Democracy Index from 2008 created by the
Economist:
• There are more 51 countries
• Example of countries;
AfghanistanEgypt
IranGermany
Singapore
Cuba
BrazilNorth Korea Italy
China
Singapore practices soft authoritarianism (the
state forbids smoking in public, bans eating on
the subway, imposes stiff fines for littering, and
outlawed the sales of chewing gum)
8. Definition of Authoritarianism
• Authoritarianism is a form of social
organization characterized by submission
to authority.
• It is opposed to individualism and democracy.
• In politics, an authoritarian government is one
in which political power is concentrated in
a leader or leaders, typically unelected, who
possess exclusive, unaccountable, and arbitrary
power.
9. The functions:
– To rule the country using rule of men, not rule of law.
– Rigged elections
– All important political decisions made by unelected
officials behind closed doors.
– A bureaucracy operated quite independently of rules,
the supervision of elected officials, or concerns of the
constituencies they purportedly serve.
– The informal and unregulated exercise of political power.
10. The leaders of Authoritarianism
1. Hugo Chávez (Venezuela)
2. Paul Kagame (Rwanda)
3. Hosni Mubarak (Egypt)
4. Kim Jong Il (North Korea)
5. Alyaksandr Lukashenka (Belarus)
6. Mswati III (Swaziland)
7. Robert Mugabe (Zimbabwe)
8. Vladimir Putin (Russia)
9. Muammar-al-Gaddafi (Libya)
10. Than Shwe (Myanmar)
11. 1. Hugo Chávez
• President of Venezuela and he has ruled the
country from 1999 – 2009.
• He’s palled around with Mahmoud
Ahmadinejad of Iran and Fidel Castro of Cuba in
his attempt to lead an anti-American coalition.
• He launched an aggressive program to
stifle dissent, arresting key political
opponents, closing dozens of opposition
radio stations, and moving to close
Globovisión.
12. 2. Paul Kagame
• President of Rwanda and he rules the country from
2000 until now.
• He is still a hero to many, helping to rescue his
country from the genocide that it had suffered in
1994.
13. • There were some of the issues that accused
Kagame, such as he had ordered the rocket attack
that caused the 1994 plane crash that killed Juvénal
Habyarimana.
• In the most recent election, in 2010, some
opposition media outlets were repressed, and
several individuals, including an independent
journalist and an opposition party leader, were
murdered.
• Kagame vowed that neither he nor his regime were
involved in the killings.
14. 3. Hosni Mubarak
• Former president of Egypt.
• He has ruled the country from 1981 – 2011.
• The last pharaoh of Egypt.
• He being cast aside in 18 days of protest.
15. 4. Kim Jong Il
• President of North Korea, the ailing dictator
who took over for his late father, Kim Il-Sung the
eternal president of North Korea.
• He rules the country from 1994 until now.
• He is son Kim Jong-Eunis who is his young
apprentice and dictator in
waiting.
16. 5.Alyaksandr Lukashenka
• President of Belarus and he rules the country from
1993 until now.
• He had persuaded voters to approve a new
constitution that gave him sweeping additional
powers, including the right to prolong his term in
office, to rule by decree, and to appoint one-third of
the upper house of parliament.
17. 6. Mswati III
• His late father was King Sobhuza II, who died in
1982 and he started to rules the country when he
was 18 and the coronation was held on April 25,
1986.
• His rule was autocratic and rife with corruption and
excess.
• He has more than a dozen wives
and some more two dozen of
children.
18. 7. Robert Mugabe
• President of Zimbabwe and he rules the country
from 1980 until now.
• Election in 2008 had made the opposition
Movement for Democratic Change, led by Morgan
Tsvangirai won but Mugabe implied that he would
not give up power if he lost.
• “I will never, never, never surrender.
Zimbabwe is mine, I am a Zimbabwean.
Zimbabwe for Zimbabweans.”
19. 8. Vladimir Putin
• President of Russia and now as the country’s prime
minister when Dmitry Medvedev won the March
2008 presidential election by a landslide, Putin
announced that he had accepted the position of
chairman of the United Russia party.
• He had been the president from 2000-2008.
20. 9. Muammar al-Gaddafi
• President of Libya and he rules the country from
1969 until now.
• Protests against the rule of Muammar Gaddafi
began in February 2011 in the eastern Libyan city of
Benghazi.
• The regime of Colonel Muammar
Gaddafi terrorised, oppressed and
divided the Libyan people.
• Gaddafi said he wanted to
“cleanse Libya house by house”. Using regime
security forces, he started doing just that.
21. • A notable exception is International Criminal Court
(ICC) prosecutor Luis Moreno-Ocampo, who Monday
announced an arrest warrant for Gaddafi, his son Saif
al-Islam and Libyan intelligence chief Abdullah al-
Senussi.
• The revolt against Gaddafi's 42-year rule has made only
sluggish progress since NATO-led nations started
bombing three months ago, rebels are moving closer to
Tripoli and based in the Western Mountains region
southwest of the capital they made their biggest
breakthrough in weeks Sunday to reach the town of Bir
al-Ghanam, where they are now fighting pro-Gaddafi
forces for control.
22. 10. Than Shwe
• President of Myanmar and ruled as head of a
military junta since 1992.
• He’s perhaps most famous for his curtailment of the
freedoms of Nobel Peace Prize winner Aung San
Suu Kyi, who has spent much of the past two
decades under house arrest, and for a brutal
suppression of the Saffron Revolution in 2007,
when Buddhist monks led tens of thousands of
protesters against the government’s decision to
raise the price of gasoline and diesel fuel.
23. • In last year’s election, he oversaw the drafting of
laws that prohibited Aung San Suu Kyi from
standing for election he divide and rule strategy
worked, as her party promptly split, with some
calling for an election boycott.
• He also ordered the building of a new capital, Nay
Pyi Taw, erected from nothing in the middle of the
jungle, to replace Yangon.
• In addition to holding fake
elections, he’s also said to
have awarded himself
medals
to wear on his chest.
25. TOTALITARIANISM
Totalitarianism (or totalitarian rule) is a political
system where the state recognizes no limits to its
authority and strives to regulate every aspect of public
and private life wherever feasible.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalitarianism
a system of highly centralized government in which one
political party or group takes control and grants neither
recognition nor tolerance to other political groups.
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/totalitarianism
28. Single Party
•Totalitarianism imposes a single
mass political party that penetrates
all aspects of state and society;
•This disciplined party, which is
controlled from above, coordinates
all sectors of society;
•Real opposition is never tolerated.
29. Organised terror
•Totalitarian rule is supported by the terroristic
activities of a special political police;
•The Nazi Gestapo and the Soviet KGB were two
such forces.
•Political police report directly to the leader and is
under no legal restraint;
•It may use intimidation, arbitrary arrest, torture
and execution
30. Monopoly of communications
•Totalitarian state seeks to monopolize the flow of
ideas
•Means that the physical bases of communication
– newspapers, radio stations, publishing houses –
are either owned or completely controlled by the
state.
•The purpose of control over communications is to
support an official ideology;
•In totalitarian states, political doctrine amounts
to an official religion.
31. Controlled economy
•Totalitarian state aspires to control a planned
economy
•Public ownership, as in communism, or state
supervision of private enterprise, as in Nazi
Germany or fascist Italy;
•A controlled economy is vital to the totalitarian
state;
•Individual interests and goals (which are part of a
liberal economy) must be subordinated to the
imposed goal of social transformation.
32. All-Powerful Leader
•Totalitarian regimes are characterized by
an all-powerful, charismatic leader, but
the regime may endure after the death of
this leader.
•The loss of charismatic authority,
however, tends to release demands for
democratic reform.
33. Pseudo-Democratic Rule
•The leader and party maintain their power by
force but rationalise their rule with pseudo-
democratic arguments
•Elections are often held, but the party often
nominates or approves all the candidates.
•Other forms of political participation, such as
meetings, discussion groups, parades and
demonstrations take place, but are strictly
controlled by the party.
36. • Subordinates all aspects of its citizens' lives to the
authority of the state, with a single charismatic leader as
the ultimate authority.
• Supplanting(replacing) of all political institutions and all
old legal and social traditions with new ones to meet the
state's needs, which are usually highly focused.
http://www.answers.com/topic/totalitarianism
• Control a variety of specialised functions that can
become independent, nonpolitical centres of power
• As a recruiting ground for the political
commissars(officers in the communist party especially in
the Soviet Union) in the army.
• Nazis in the last period of their rule moved to partify
their army
37. • Present in the sponsored organisations.
Sponsored organisations that have been taken
over:
-trade unions
-cooperatives
-professionals
-interest groups
www.docstoc.com/docs/18672932/psychological-
functions-of-culture-in-totalitarian-and-post
38. • Totalitarian-Ego biases functions to preserve
organisation in cognitive structure(connected
with mental processes of understanding).
Ego’s cognitive biases are ego-centricity(self
the focus of knowledge)
http://homepage.psy.utexas.edu/homepage/cla
ss/Psy394U/Bower/09%20Stereo,%20Social%
20Mem/The%20Totalitarian%20Ego.pdf
