1. Seerah of Prophet
Mohammad(SAW)
Madani Period

2. Challenges before the Islamic
Movement in Madina.
Islamic state in Madina emerged needing:
Administrative structure,laws,justice,family laws.
Aggressive efforts at Dawah and attack on the
false ideologies.
Settlement of the migrants in Madina with their
financial support but also their Islamic education
and moral training.
Prepare for Jihad and armed resistance against the
enemies of Islam.

3. Initial Steps
Treaties with Jews.
Hypocrites in Madina.
Change of Qibla.
Warning for pagans that their trade route to Syria
could be blocked.
Abdullah bin Hajash led an ambush upon a
Pagan’s caravan.Omar bin Hadarmi died.This
happened without the Prophet’s approval.

4. Battle of Badar
A big trade caravan of pagans was en route
from Syria to Mecca.
Abu Sufyan sent a man to Mecca to get help
He announced in Mecca that Muslims
attacked the caravan.
Most of the pagan leaders prepared for fight
1000 men strong army prepared to march
to Madina.

5. Battle of Badar
Prophet’s(SAW) concerns
Decisive battle with impact on future
Muhajiroon came with no assets
Ansaars had no experience of battle.
Tribes of Jews had hidden animosity
Hypocrites and some pagans in Madina
Muslims resources and numbers were
disproportionately less than pagans.

6. Battle of Badar
Prophet’s (SAW) consultation
He presented the situation before Sahaba
He asked whether we should go after the
trade caravan or face pagan’s army
Many opined to go after the caravan
Prophet asked the question again
Miqdad bin Amar ® from muhjiroon said
we shall go with you where Allah’s order is
Saad bin Muaaz from ansaar supported

7. Battle of Badar
Comparison of forces
Muslims Pagans
.313 men . 1000 men including
.3 horses 100 leaders
.70 camels .Several horses, camels,
.60 shields swords and shields.
.

8. Battle of Badar
Glimpses of fighting
Prophet’s dua before the battle.
Difficult test for muhajiroon, stood against
their family members.
Pagans were defeated.70 of their men killed
including leaders.70 became POW’s.
Pagan’s left lot of valuables behind.

9. Comments on the Battle of Badar
Sura Anfaal -8
Purpose of Qital is not bounties but making Islam
prevalent and to please Allah.
Obedience of ameer is pivotal in Jamaah.
Victory in Badar was due to Allah’s Help.
Jihad is the ultimate test for a believer.
Your money and families are a test.
Sabar is the essence of any movement
Desire to achieve the objectives should never
allow you to compromise the Islamic guidelines.

10. Battle of Uhad
Reasons
1-Defeat of pagans in Badar alarmed tribes
2-Pagans of Meccah wanted revenge.
3- Jews of Madina encouraged pagans to fight
Pagans advance to Madina in Shawwal,3 Hijra
with 3000 men.
Prophet consulted the sahaba.
Prophet gathered army of 1000 people.Hypocrites
withdrew 300 men.
Enthusiasm of youth. Story of Rafe and Samra.

11. Battle of Uhad
Prophet placed his army in front of uhad
mountain.
He appointed 50 archers led by Abdullah bin
Jubair to guard corridor in the mountain.
Women in the pagan army sang and beat the
drums to encourage their fighters.
In the beginning, Muslims defeated the pagan
army. Then they started gathering bounties.

12. Battle of Uhad
Most of the archers at the Uhad coridoor left to get
bounties except few.
Khalid bin Walid, leader of one of pagan’s
fighting group attacked from the poorly guarded
Uhad coridoor.
Muslims were now attacked from back and front.
Muslim army was dispersed and many were on the
run.
Rumor was spread that the Prophet was killed.
Many lost their will to fight when got the rumor.

13. Battle of Uhad
Prophet was guarded by few sahaba.
He was moved up to the mountain.
When Muslims heard about Prophet’s
safety, they gathered again and fought.
Pagans at that time left the battlefield.
Latter, they thought of returning but did not.
Prophet even chased them till Hamra ul
Asad.

14. Battle of Uhad
Comments in Ale Imran:122-144
Dependence on the Help of Allah.
Love of material wealth was one reason for
initial defeat. Allah forbade Riba.
Guaranty of success if you are believers.
Islamic movement does not depend on
personalities.
Fear of death is the root cause of
cowardice.There is appointed time of death.

15. Tribal Revolts
Uhad’s setback encouraged hostile tribes to stand
up against Muslims and fight.
Jofeed tribe tried to attack in Muharram,4H.
Lahyan tribe attacked same month.
Safar,4H.70 learned sahaba were sent to the
Kallab tribe for teaching Islam & got killed.
Two other tribes took 10 sahaba for teaching.7
were killed and 3 were imprisoned.Khabbab and
Zaid were sold in Mecca and latter killed.

16. Jewish Enmity
Reasons
1-Jewish leaders felt threat to their business.
2-Quran was openly criticizing Jew's behavior
3-Fear of living under Islamic rule.
Banu Qanqa- exiled Shawwal, 2H for declaring
war against Muslims.
Kaab bin Ashraf executed Rabil Awwal,3H by
Mohammd bin Muslima.
Banu Nazeer.Broke treaties and conspired to kill
the Prophet. Exiled to Kheyber.

17. Battle of Ahzab
Jews in Kheyber conspired and incited
pagans to bring a 10.000 army to Madina.
Prophet consulted sahaba.Salman Farsi
suggested to dig a ditch on open part of
city.
8 Ziqad,5H digging started.10 yards of
ditch was assigned to 10 people.It was 5
yard deep.
3000 people dug it in 20 days.

18. Battle of Ahzab
Pagans attacked Madina from 3 sides.33:10
Hard test of Iman.Hypocrites exposed.33:12
Enemy kept blockade for one month.
They threw stones and arrows.
They tried to cross the ditch.
With Allah’s sent windstorm, enemies fled.

19. Battle of Ahzab
Commentary in Sura Ahzab
Trust in Allah’s Help.
Test of Iman.
Root cause of weakness- fear of loosing life
and property.
Excellent example in the Prophet’s conduct.
Banu Qureza’s punishment for breaking the
treaty.Blockade.Decision according to their
book. 400 people killed, rest made POW.

20. Hudabeya Treaty- 6 Hijra
Zeqad, 6 H, Prophet announced intention to
visit Kaaba.1400 Muslims joined him.
Prophet sent someone to find pagan’s plan.
Pagans started gathering forces.
Prophet continued travel and stopped at
Hudabeya.
Prophet sent Osman to negotiate.

21. Hudabeya Treaty
News came that Osman has been killed.
Bait Ridwan.Prophet gathered Muslims
under a tree and took a pledge that we shall
fight till we die or win.
Peace Treaty. Pagan released Osman and
sent Suhail bin Amar for peace talks.
A peace treaty was concluded and written.

22. Hudabeya Treaty
Terms
Muslims shall go back this year.
They shall return next year and stay for 3days
They shall not have any weapons except one
sword in the shield.
They can’t take Muslims left in Mecca and shall
not stop any Muslim from coming back to
Meccah.
If someone goes to Madina, he shall be returned
but if someone returns to Mecca, shall not be
returned.

23. Hudabeya
Tribes shall have the choice to enter into
treaty with Muslims or pagans.
This treaty shall be in effect for 10 years
-------------------------------------------------------
-
Abu Jandal’s matter.
Effects of Hudabeya.

24. Letters to Kings and Emperors
6-7 Hijra
Roman Emperor. Wahya Kalbi
Persian Emperor. Abdullah bin Huzafa
Sahmi.
Aziz Misr.(Egyptian Emperor) Hatib bin
Abi Baltah
Najjashi, King of Abysenia. Omar bin
Umayyah.

25. Strengthening of Islamic State
and Society
Attack on Khyber. Muharram, 7 Hijra.
Laws and regulations for Society.
Suras Nisaa and Maida.
Family laws,rights of men and
women,inheritance law,prohibition of
alcohol and gambling, law of
testimony,general moral instructions.
Prophet performed Umra in 7 Hijra.

26. Victory of Mecca
Violation of Hudabeya Treaty by pagans.
Preparation to invade Mecca.10 Ramadan,8H.
Abu Sufyan is arrested and released.
Entry in Mecca.(Minimal fighting.)
Peace declaration in Mecca.
Entry in Kaaba.Removal of idols and pictures.
Victory address by the Prophet.
General amnesty.

27. Battle of Hunain
10 Shawwal, 8 Hijra
Hawazan and Saqeef tribes prepared for
war
Prophet took 12000 men and weapons to
fight in Hunain (between Mecca and Taif)
Some Muslims said who could defeat us.
Initially, Muslims faced severe arrow attack
Latter, they gathered around the Prophet
and fought well defeating the enemy.
Surah Tauba, 9:25,26.

28. Battle of Tabook
Rajab, 9 Hijra.
Conflict with Roman empire already started in
battle of Mota (Jamadi ula, 8 H).Sharjeel the ruler
of Basra brought army of 100,000 which fought
against 3000 Muslims.
Farwa bin Amar Jizami, a Roman commander
became Muslim.Latter, he was killed by the
emperor.
Many tribes under Roman rule accepted Islam.

29. Battle of Tabuk
Cesar prepared to gather his forces on
Syrian border to punish Muslims.
Prophet decided to go forward and stop this
build up.
Sacrifices of Muslims and excuses by
hypocrites.
Prophet left Madina with 30,000 army
Cesar ordered his forces to retreat.

30. Steps taken after Tabuk.
Dealings with hypocrites.
Demolition of Masjid Zirar
Not to accept their donations
No family or friendly relations with them.
Prophet should not attend their funeral.
Disciplinary action against 3 sahabas.
Clear political policy of the State.(Haj,9 H)

31. Last Haj 10 Hijra
Khutbah
All methods of Jahileya are under my feet.
No Arab has superiority over non Arab.You
are children of Adam and he was created
from clay.
All muslims are brothers.
Feed and clothe your slaves same what you
eat or wear.
Killings and Riba of Jahileya are cancelled.

32. Khutbah Last Haj
Fear Allah in the matter of women.
Your blood and your money is forbidden for each
other.
If you hold fast to the book of Allah, you will not
be misguided.
He asked,”Have I passed to you Allah’s
message?” Everyone answered,”Yes”.
He said,”Now, you must pass on this message to
those who are not here.”

33. Death of the Prophet
Safar,18, 11 H, he became sick.
He appointed Abu Bakr to lead the salaat.
When he was feeling a little better,he came
to the masjid and gave last Khutbah.
Rabiul Awwal, 12, 11 H, he passed to Rafiq
Ala.
May Allah’s blessings be upon him.