Citizen Science Architecture: A Standards Based Approach

®
OGC
Citizen Observatories:
A Standards Based Architecture
Dr. Ingo Simonis
Director, Interoperability Programs & Science, OGC
May 2015
© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium

OGC
®
Considerations
© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 2
Cost efficient

OGC
®
Considerations
3
Research
efficient

OGC
®

OGC
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Geonovum HeronViewer showing components with time series values

OGC
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52North JS-SensorWeb-Client

OGC
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app made with SOS-JS by British Antarctic Survey (Map)

OGC
®

OGC
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citizen
scientist
consumer
COBWEB

OGC
®
Hypermedia
HTTP
URI

OGC
®
citizen COBWEB

OGC
®
COBWEBcitizen
Hypermedia
HTTP
URI

OGC
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citizen COBWEB
POX
over
HTTP

OGC
®
citizen COBWEB
<Observation>
<id>Citizen1</ID>
<val>23.2</val>
</Observation>

OGC
®
citizen COBWEB
POST /Insert HTTP/1.1
Content-Type: application/xml
Host: ingos-server.com
Content-Length: 48
<Observation>
<id>Citizen1</ID>
<val>23.2</val>
</Observation>
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Length: 28
Server: Microsoft-HTTPAPI/2.0
Date: Sun, 10 May 2015 17:13:45
<ObservationConfirmation>
<id>obs23764523</id>
</ObservationConfirmation>

OGC
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citizen COBWEB
POX tunneling over HTTP
+ Lightweight
+ Easy to implement
+ Universally interoperable
+ Firewall friendly
+ Single URI
- Ignores the Web platform
- HTTP verbs barely used
- Reliability and scalability?
- Extend to many receivers?

OGC
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COBWEBcitizen
Hypermedia
HTTP
URI

OGC
®
citizen COBWEB
resources
CRUD
services

OGC
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citizen COBWEB
Think in resources
Use proper HTTP verbs
POST
GET
PUT
DELETE
/obs
/obs/{id}
/obs/{id}
/obs/{id}
create new
observation
request
current
state
update
observation
delete
observation

OGC
®
citizen COBWEB
POST /obs HTTP/1.1
Content-Length: 48
<Observation>
<id>Citizen1</ID>
<val>23.2</val>
</Observation>
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Length: 28
Date: Sun, 10 May 2015 17:34:11
<Observation>
<id>obs237</ID>
</Observation>

OGC
®
citizen COBWEB
GET /obs/obs237 HTTP/1.1
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Length: 28
Date: Sun, 10 May 2015 17:13:45
<Observation>
<id>Citizen1</ID>
<val>23.2</val>
</Observation>

OGC
®
citizen COBWEB
PUT /obs/obs237 HTTP/1.1
Content-Length: 48
<Observation>
<id>Citizen1</ID>
<val>18.6</val>
</Observation>
HTTP/1.1 204 No Content
Date: Sun, 10 May 2015 17:56:45

OGC
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citizen COBWEB
DELETE /obs/obs237 HTTP/1.1
HTTP/1.1 204 No Content
Date: Sun, 10 May 2015 17:58:45

OGC
®
Hypermedia
HTTP
URI

OGC
®
citizen
scientist
consumer
COBWEB

OGC
®
citizen
scientist
consumer
COBWEB
POST
/obs
HTTP1.1
…
HTTP1.1
200 OK

OGC
®
citizen
scientist
consumer
COBWEB
POST
/obs
HTTP1.1
…
HTTP1.1
200 OK
…

OGC
®
Hypermedia
HTTP
URI

OGC
®
citizen
scientist
consumer
COBWEB
POST
/obs
HTTP1.1
…
GET/obs/3
HTTP1.1
…
HTTP1.1
200 OK
…
HTTP1.1
200 OK
…

OGC
®
Hypermedia
HTTP
URI

OGC
®
Hypermedia with
semantic mark up
HTTP
URI

OGC
®
Hypermedia with
semantic mark up:
Raw observation
<Observation>
<id>Citizen1</ID>
<val>18.6</val>
</Observation>
<Campaign>…
Corrected observation
<Observation>
<id>Citizen1</ID>
<cp>fgr7</cp>
<val>18.2</val>
</Observation>
<RawObservation>
…
Sampling campaign
<CampaignID>c2<..>
<observation> … </..>
…
</CampaignID>c2<..>
Link to

OGC
®
Hypermedia with
semantic mark up: DAP
Raw observation
<Observation>
<id>Citizen1</ID>
<val>18.6</val>
</Observation>
<Campaign>…
<Observation>
<id>Citizen1</ID>
<cp>fgr7</cp>
<val>18.2</val>
</Observation>
<RawObservation>
…
Sampling campaign
<CampaignID>c2<..>
…
</CampaignID>c2<..>
Link to

OGC
®
DAP: Domain Application
Protocol
Raw observation
<Observation>
<id>Citizen1</ID>
<val>18.6</val>
</Observation>
<Campaign>…
<Observation>
<id>Citizen1</ID>
<cp>fgr7</cp>
<val>18.2</val>
</Observation>
<RawObservation>
…
Sampling campaign
<CampaignID>c2<..>
…
</CampaignID>c2<..>
Link to
• URI structure becomes irrelevant
• Links from one resources to the other are
part of the resources; decreases coupling
• Protocol information just-in-time

OGC
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OGC
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Human Web
• embedded links
• href=“http://…”
Cart
Computer-to-
Computer
• annotations
(hypermedia
controls)
• micro formats or
Semantic Web
technologies

OGC
®
Forms as hypermedia controls
Value: 25.7
Unit: deg
Celsius
Submit
POST /obs HTTP/1.1
Content-Type:
application/xml
Content-Length: 48
<Observation>
<id>ingo</ID>
<val>25.7</val>
<uom>degCelsius</uom>
</Observation>
Plain XML

OGC
®
POST /obs HTTP/1.1
Content-Type:
application/xml
Content-Length: 48
<Observation>
<id>ingo</ID>
<val>25.7</val>
</Observation>
Forms as hypermedia controls
Value: 25.7
Unit: deg
Celsius
Submit
GET /obs/o237 HTTP/1.1
<Observation>
<id>o237</ID>
<citizen>ingo</citizen>
<val>25.7</val>
<status>raw</status>
<link rel=“http://cobweb.org/campaign”
campaign>http://i.org/campaigns/c2</campaign>
<link rel=“http://cobweb.org/citizen”
citizen>http://i.org/citizens/ingo</citizen>
</Observation>
XML with
hypermedia link

OGC
®
Media Types and Domain Application
Protocols
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/vnd.cobweb+xml
<Observation>
<id>o237</ID>
<val>25.7</val>
</Observation>
XML with hypermedia
link and media type

OGC
®
Media Types and Domain Application
Protocols
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/vnd.cobweb+xml
<Observation>
<id>o237</ID>
<val>25.7</val>
</Observation>
how to process this data
(needs to be developed)
XML with hypermedia
link and media type

OGC
®
citizen
scientist
consumer
COBWEB

OGC
®
citizen
scientist
consumer
COBWEB
Syndication

OGC
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Citizen Science: A Syndication Model
Atom: Feeds (lists) with time-stamped entries

OGC
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Citizen Science: A Syndication Model
• Atom Publishing Protocol:
– Syndication content: observations to
consumers
– Representing document-like
structures: observation model
– Meta-data rich lists of resources:
observation provenance
– Adding metadata to existing resource
representations
• incl. attach hypermedia links
– Creating directories of non-
hypermedia content
• e.g. binary data

OGC
®
citizen
scientist
consumer
COBWEB

OGC
®
citizen
scientist
consumer
COBWEB
raw QA log

OGC
®

OGC
®
GeoSynchronization Service (GSS)
Replication
Channel
Change
Channel
Resolution
Channel
GSS in Action
Collector
Submits
Change
Request
1 5
Collector
notified of
disposition
of proposed
change(s)
2
Reviewer is
notified
of pending
Change
proposals
3
Reviewer
Approves or
Rejects the
proposed
changes
4
Approved changes are
applied to features via
OGC WFS-T
OGC WFS-T OGC WFS-T
Geographic
features
accessible via
WFS
OGC WFS-T
6
GSS notifies
Subscribers of
changes to
features (i.e.
Transactions)
Collector Reviewer Subscribe
r
Also known as
a “Data
Publisher” or
“The Crowd”
Collector reads features
from a WFS and proposes
changes to those features.
This may include proposing
creation of new features.
59
slide by
Peter Vretanos

OGC
®

OGC
®
Geopackage
creation
Geopackage
usage
GSS
SOS
WFS
SOS
WFS
SOS, WFS,
WCS, WMS

OGC
®
JaxB, Jersey,
Rome
Observation
profile
Sensor profile

OGC
®
Ingo Simonis
isimonis@opengeospatial.org

OGC
®
ARCHITECTURE DETAILS
COBWEB Standards Based

OGC
®

Citizen Science Architecture: A Standards Based Approach

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