Presentation by Isam Shahrour of the role of Smart Cities in the sustainable development. Conference IPEEC « Energy and Environmental Protection », Hebron, October 2013

1. An
innova(ve
strategy
for
sustainable
development:
Smart
and
Sustainable
City
Professor
Isam
SHAHROUR
Laboratoire
Génie
Civil
et
géo-­‐Environnement
(LGCgE)
Université
Lille1/Polytech’Lille
Conference
«
Energy
and
Environmental
ProtecBon
»
Hebron,
October
2013

3. Sustainability
:
major
Interna(onal
concerns

4. Reduc(on
of
the
greenhouse
gas
emission
requires:
-­‐ Improve
the
quality
of
construcBon
and
infrastructure
-­‐ Use
proper
technology
-­‐ Use
more
and
more
renewable
energy
The
city
contributes
to
80%
of
the
greenhouse
gas
emission
Huge
investment
??

5. Could
the
Smart
City
contribute
to
raise
the
challenges
of
sustainability
in
the
City
(in
the
world)
?
City
Challenges
ICT
Informa(on
and
communica(on
technology
(ITC)
Revolu(on:

6. Q1
:
Why
the
city?
Q3
:
How
“Smart
City”
can
contribute
to
build
the
sustainable
City
?
Q2
:
The
main
city
challenges?
3
Ques(ons

7. Why
the
City
?
W.E.
Webb,
former
mayer
of
Denver,
Colorado:
• The
19th
century
was
a
century
of
empires
• The
20th
was
a
century
of
naBon
states
• The
21st
century
will
be
a
century
of
ciBes

8. Concentra(on
in
large
ci(es
Mexico,
23
millions
Le
Caire,
16
Millions
PARIS,
12
millions
15
Ci(es
>
15
Millions
30
Ci(es
>
10
Millions
75
Ci(es
>
5
Millions
240
Ci(es
>
2
Millions

9. 1950
2015
World population increase
Rural
Urban

10. The
City,
a
high
concentra(on
of
the:
• PopulaBon,
• AcBvity
(industry,
services,…)
• ConsumpBon
(75
%
of
the
electrical
Energy)
• ProducBon
of
polluBon
(80%
of
CO2)

11. The
City:
transformaBon
system
Input
Ø Energy
Ø water
Ø food
Ø Raw
materials
Ø Manufactured
goods
Ø InformaBon
Output
Ø Wastes
Ø Air
polluBon
Ø Water
polluBon
Ø Greenhouse
gases
Ø noise
Ø brownfields
Reduc(on
??
Reduc(on
??
Recycling
Proper
technology
Op(mal
management

12. • Water
(distribu(on
and
sewage)
• Energy
(gas,
electricity,
district
hea(ng)
• Telecommunica(ons,
Urban
Networks:
the
vein
of
the
city
• Buried
(invisible,
...)
• Mixed
(old
and
new,
some
more
than
150
years
old)
• Huge
investment
and
opera(ng
costs
•
high
interdependence

13. Networks
in
Jakarta
were
designed
for
one
million
In
2011,
the
city
has
more
than
18
million
Network
may
be
undersized:
In
some
ciBes,
water
leakage
could
reach
40%

14. Water
network,
France
About
900
000
km
of
pipes
Yearly
investment
(billion
$)

15. Q1
:
Why
the
city?
Q3
:
How
“Smart
City”
could
contribute
to
build
the
sustainable
City
?
Q2
:
The
main
city
challenges?
3
Ques(ons

16. Water
Housing
Energy
Pollu(on
City
Challenges
Transporta(on
Governance
Urban
challenges

17. Energy
challenges
High
consumpBon
(transport,
industry,
domesBc,
)
But
with
limited
resources

18. Energy
consump(on
(2005)
(%)

19. Transport
Industrie
Buildings
Tokyo
(2005)
Mexico
(2006)
London
(1999)
Shanghai
(2007)

20. Energy
:
Security
(Black
out)
Blackout:
• Italy
2003,
55
Million
• Indonesia
2005,
100
Million
United
States,
2003
50
Million
people
24
hours
for
full
recovery
Economic
Cost
:
$6
to
$10
billion

21. ConsommaBon
journalière
Electrical
Network
:
reduce
the
peak
consumpBon

22. Air
pollu(on
in
Europe
:
Cost
up
to
€
170
billion
in
2009
Impact
on
the
environment
:
Co2,
Climate
change,
global
Warming

23. Access
to
drinking
water
:
Water
Quality
?
Water
Chalenges

24. Water
leakage
:
20%
of
the
water
supply
in
some
ci(es
about
40%

25. Water
Sewage

26. Par(cipatory
governance
challenges

27. Q1
:
Why
the
city?
Q3
:
How
“Smart
City”
could
contribute
to
build
the
sustainable
City
?
Q2
:
The
main
city
challenges?
3
Ques(ons

28. Smart
City
Concept
• Smart monotoring
• Communication
• Data storage and processing
Smart
sensors

29. Smart
city
allows
• Real-time monitoring (see the invisible network)
• Rapid action in the case of an abnormal event
(leakage, contamination, overload,..)
• Optimal management of resources
• Develop predictive models

30. Smart
Energy
system,
op(mal
management
Produc(on
Storage
Smart
Grid
Energy
Consump(on

31. Smart
water
system:
• Leakage
detec(on
• Contamina(on
detec(on
(health,
...)
• Pipes
localiza(on
• Evolu(on
of
physical
and
mechanical
proper(es
(deforma(on,
corrosion,
biofilm,
.....)
• Op(miza(on
of
the
energy
consump(on

32. Rio
:
Smart
system
to
prevent
landslides
disaster

33. Stockholm
:
Traffic
Conges(on
City
traffic
decrease
by
18%
CO2
emission
decrease
14-­‐18
%

34. Smart
City
Implementa(on
Objec(ves
Diagnos(c
• Actors
–
Governing
• DiagnosBc
of
infrastructures
• Data
collecBon
(system
operaBng
data,…)
• Funding,
economic
model
Needs
• Governing
• Monitoring
• Sonware
(data
processing,
supervision,
learning
machine,
opBmizaBon,..)
ImplementaBon
calendar
:
Stage
N
(N
=1,
M)
• Monitoring
• Sonware
(data
processing,
supervision,
learning
machine,
opBmizaBon,
• ValidaBon,
preliminary
ExploitaBon
Smart
System
Exploita(on

35. Presenta(on
of
SunRise
Project
:
Smart
Urban
Network
Demonstrator
for
Sustainable
city

36. I)
Methodology
–
History
CreaBon
of
an
academic,
professional
and
local
government
partnership
:
researches
and
innovaBon
on
«
Sustainable
City
»
1)
Interna(onal
Chair
posi(on
supported
by
the
Region
(2008
–
2011),
followed
by
an
industrial
chair
posiBon
(Eaux
du
Nord
/Suez)
2)
Three
interna(onal
workshops
(2010,
2011,
2012)
with
academic,
professional
and
local
authori(es
«InnovaBon
–
sustainable
urban
infrastructures
»

37. 1)
The
opBmal
management
of
urban
networks
consBtutes
a
major
challenge
for
sustainable
ciBes:
• Natural
Resources
saving
(energy,
water,
..)
• Safety,
public
health,
..
• AsracBveness
and
economic
development
• RaBonalizaBon
of
investments
in
urban
infrastructures
Conclusions
and
recommenda(ons:
2)
The
"smart
city"
concept
is
per(nent
Technology
reached
a
level
of
maturity
to
deal
with
the
city
challenges

38. Need
of
«Smart
City
»
demonstrators
at
per(nent
scale
to
check
:
• The
governance
(operators,
authori(es,
users,
..)
• The
integra(on
of
'heterogeneous'
technology
and
services
• The
per(nence
of
technological
and
non-­‐technological
innova(ons
• The
networks
interdependence
(water,
electrical,
district
hea(ng,
gas,
...)
• The
economic
model

39. Small
town:
• 110
Hectares
• 23
000
users
• 70
km
of
Urban
Network
• 140
Buildings
(300
000
m2
)
II:
Presenta(on
Scien(fic
Campus
(Lille1
University)

40. C1
–
Chimie
Enseignement
(1966)
Polytech’Lille
Ens.
&
Rech.
(2000)

41. Data
collec(on
:
3D
graphic
model
(network
and
buildings)
70
km
of
networks
• Water
• District
Hea(ng
• Gas
• Electrical
(
HV,
LV)
• Public
light

42. InnovaBon
centers
• Pole
Ubiquitaire
§ CITC
–EURARFID
§ PRN
§ Image,…
Local
authority:
• AMGVF
• LMCU,
• Region,
InternaBonal:
• W-­‐Smart
• Unites
states
(NYU)
• Netherland
(KWR,
Vitens)
• Great
Britain
• Spain
SunRise
Operators
:
• Eaux
du
Nord
(Suez
Environnement)
• Eau
de
Paris
• Dalkia
• IBM
• Lille
Métropole
Habitat
(LMH)
Starts-­‐up:
stereograph,
Nooliqc,
Madetech,
Effigenie,
E(neo,
Calm-­‐water
Research
laboratories
(IT,
Civil
Eng.
Economy,
InstrumentaBon,…)
EducaBon
programs:
Master
degree
in
urban
Engineering,
Smart
Gird,
Creacity,..

43. Water
-­‐ Leakage
-­‐ Quality
-­‐ Water/Energy
• Commun
Laboratory
(CEA,
W-­‐Smart,
KWR)
• Industrial
Chair
• European
Project:
SmartWater4Europe
(GB,
Netherland,
Spain)
• 2
major
projects
:
Paris
Water,
North
Water,
W-­‐
Smart,
CEA,
KWR,…
Energy
-­‐ Op(mal
management
-­‐ Security
-­‐ Renewable
Energy
• Dalkia
:
District
hea(ng
•
LMH
:
Social
housing
• Eiffage
:
Electrical
Grid
Informa(on
system
and
sovware
tools
Start-­‐Ups
:
Stereograph,
Nooliqc,
Madetech,
Effigenie,
E(neo,
Calm-­‐water
Smart
Urban
networks
Demonstrator
(SunRise)

44. SunRise
–
Energy
• Analysis
of
the
energy
system
of
the
campus
:
consumpBon,
resources
and
distribuBon.
• Building
consumpBon
profile
• AdaptaBon
of
energy
producBon
to
energy
demand
• IntegraBon
of
mulB-­‐energy
sources

45. Smart Grid – District heating (20 km)

46. Distric
Hea(ng
network

47. Building
P1
Real
Time
monotoring
:
Energy
heat
consump(on

48. 43
%
61
%
EUDIL
G
C1,
C3
,C4
IUT
M1
SN1,2,3
P5
P1
+
cul
EUDIL
G
IUT
M1
P
1
P5
C
1
SN

49. External
Temperature
(°)
Energy
Consump(on

50. Building
C1
Sector
control
according
to
the
use
and
internal
parameters
Control
at
the
Hea(ng
Exchange
sta(on

51. SunRise
-­‐
Water
-­‐ Leakage
-­‐ Water
quality
–
Health
impact
Partnership
•
Eaux
du
Nord,
Eaux
de
Paris,
CEA-­‐List
• W-­‐Smart,
• KWR,
Vitens,
Acciona,
Thames,
Calwater
(Calm-­‐
Energie)

52. 2013
:
European
Project
(FP7)
SmartWater4Europe
4
demonstrators
En
Europe
(10
M
€
)
4
European
demonstrators
(Smart
Water
network)
• Leakage
• Quality
• Water
–
Energy
• End-­‐users

53. Drinking
water
network
–
16
m
About
50
years
old
Meshed
network
16
km
77
ARM
145
Buildings
Linear
loss
index
(m3/J/Km)
• 2011:
12.7
• 2012
:
8.12

54. I)
Water
Consump(on
Analysis
The
Water
network
:
geometry
and
supply
!Cité!Scien*fique!
(5)!!!
4!Cantons!
ECL!!
M5!
Bachelard!
Meshed
network
16
km
77
ARM
145
Buildings

55. Analysis
of
the
water
Consump(on
by
sector
!

56. (I)
Working
Days
Daily
C7
Building
Consump(on:

57. Hourly
C7
consump(on:
Registerd
data
Simplified
modeling

58. Work
under
progress
:
1)
Monitoring
•
Water
:
flow,
pressure,
quality,
flow
and
pressure
controllers
•
HeaBng
:
Internal
parameters
(Temperature,
humidity,
air
quality,..),
controllers
2)
Sovware
development:
• data
processing,
supervision,
•
learning
machine,
opBmizaBon,…
3)
ValidaBon,
exploitaBon

59. The
concept
of
“smart
city”
offers
great
opportuniBes:
• Recent,
with
low
experience
feedback
• MulBdisciplinary,
mulB
actors
• Need
of
pilot
projects
to
develop
“collec(ve”
experience
Conclusion

60. Thank
you