Prof. Noboru Koshizuka session 6 gfke 2014

1. 2014 OECD Global Forum on the Knowledge Economy (GFKE)
Session 6 Encouraging open data across society
Tokyo Public Transportation Open Data:
Toward the Open Data Across Multiple
Public and Private Sectors
Noboru Koshizuka, Ph. D
Professor, Interfaculty Initiative in Information Studies, The
University of Tokyo
Vice Director, YRP Ubiquitous Networking Lab.

2. My Profile
■ Name
▶ Noboru Koshizuka (越塚 登)
■ Titles
▶ Professor, Interfaculty Initiatives in Information Studies,
The University of Tokyo
▶ Vice Director, YRP Ubiquitous Networking Lab.
▶ Board member, Ubiquitous ID Center/T-Engine Forum
■ Missions
▶ TRON Project, Ubiquitous ID Project, Open Data Project
▶ R&D and education of computer science in university
! Especially, ubiquitous computing, RFID, smart cards, embedded systems, operating
systems, human-machine interfaces, computer networks, and so on…
▶ Editor of the international standards of Networked Service Protocols
Triggered by RFIDs in ITU-T SG16.
! ITU-T Rec. F.771, H.621, H. 642.1, H.642.3
! Liaison Officer between ISO/IEC JTC1 SC31 and ITU-T SG16

3. iii, The University of Tokyo
PART 1
Open Data Activity in Japan
Strategy and Organizations

4. “Declaration to be the World’s Most Advanced IT
Nation” (2013)
■ Creating a Society that Encourages the Creation of New and
Innovative Industries and Services and Growth
▶ Encouraging the use of open data and big data
▶ Achieving advances in Japanese agriculture and peripheral industries, converting them into
intelligent industries through the use of IT, and deployed business models internationally (Made by
Japan Agriculture)
▶ Encouraging interdisciplinary open innovation in a broad range of fields
▶ Rejuvenation of local communities (including remote islands) through the use of IT and data
▶ Creating new business and reinforcing international competitiveness in the imaging industry
through the creation of next-generation broadcasting services
■ The world’s safest and most disaster-resilient society where people
can live safely, with peace of mind, and comfort
▶ Create a healthy society of longevity through the provision of appropriate local healthcare and
nursing care and promotion of good health
▶ Creating the world’s safest and most disaster-resilient society
▶ Efficient and stable energy management in homes and communities
▶ Diversifying Type of Employment and Achieving a Good Life-Work Balance
■ Development of one-stop public services that anyone can access at
any time and from anywhere
▶ Provision of highly convenient electronic government services
▶ Reforming government information systems on the national and local levels
▶ Reinforcing IT governance in government
4

5. Open Government Data Strategy (Summary, 2012)
5

6. Officials’ Meeting of Open Data for E-Government
■ Chair
▶ Jun Murai (Professor, Keio University)
■ Vice Chair
▶ Yoichi Yokomizo (Corporate Officer/Board Member, Rigaku Corporation)
■ Expert Members
▶ Noboru Koshizuyka (Professor, The University of Tokyo)
▶ Tomoaki Watanabe (Associate Professor, GLOCOM)
▶ Isao Owazawa (President, Infor Japan K. K.)
▶ Koichi Kawashima (Senior Advisor, Saga Prefecture)
▶ Hiroshi Koike (Hitachi Consulting Co. Ltd.)
▶ Hideaki Takeda (Professor, National Institute of Informatics)
▶ Takashi Hasegawa (Yokohama City)
■ Government Members
▶ 16 Ministries and Agencies in Japan Central Government
6

7. Open Data Catalog Web Page of Japanese Government
(http://data.go.jp/)
7

8. Now, more than 12,000 data sets are opened in open
data license via “data.go.jp”
8

9. Open Data Promotion Consortium
http://www.opendata.gr.jp/en/
■ Chairman
▶ Hiroshi Komiyama (Former President, The
University of Tokyo/Chairman of the
Institute, Mitsubishi Research Institute, Inc.)
■ Acting Chairman
▶ Noboru Koshizuka (Professor, The University
of Tokyo)
■ Advisor
▶ Ken Sakamura (Professor, The University of
Tokyo)
▶ Hideyuki Tokuda (Professor, Keio University)
▶ Jun Murai (Professor, Keio University)
▶ Uchiyamada Takeshi (Vice Chairmen,
Directors, Japan Business Federation)
■ Director
▶ Yuriko Inoue (Professor, Hitotsubashi
University)
▶ Noboru Koshizuka (Professor, The University
of Tokyo)
▶ Ichiya Nakamura (Professor, Keio University)
■ Members
▶ 139 Companies
▶ 12 Local governments
▶ 5 individual experts
■ Observer
▶ Cabinet Secretariat
▶ Ministry of Internal Affairs and
Communications
▶ Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry
▶ Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and
Fisheries
▶ Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport
and Tourism
▶ National Diet Library
▶ Japan Business Federation
▶ ASP-SaaS-Cloud CONSORTIUM
■ URL
▶ http://www.opendata.gr.jp/en/

10. Open Data Consortium for Public Transportation
http://odpt.org/
■ 会⻑⾧長
▶ 坂村 健 東京大学大学院情報学環・教授 YRPユビ
キタス・ネットワーキング研究所・所長
■ 顧問
▶ 渡辺 克也 総務省 官房審議官（情報流通行政局
担当）
▶ 羽尾 一郎 国土交通省 大臣官房審議官（鉄道局
担当）
▶ 村尾 公一 元東京都技監、東京地下鉄株式会社常務
取締役
▶ 佐野 克彦 東京都都市整備局理事（航空政策・交通
基盤整備・地下鉄改革担当）
▶ 邊見 隆士 東京都建設局道路監(*)
■ 会員
▶ 株式会社ヴァル研究所
▶ 小田急電鉄株式会社
▶ 京王電鉄株式会社
▶ 京成電鉄株式会社
▶ 京浜急行電鉄株式会社
▶ 首都圏新都市鉄道株式会社
▶ 西武鉄道株式会社
▶ 大日本印刷株式会社
▶ 東京急行電鉄株式会社
▶ 東京大学大学院情報学環 ユビキタス情報社会基盤研究
センター
▶ 東京地下鉄株式会社
▶ 東京都交通局
▶ 東京臨海高速鉄道株式会社
▶ 東武鉄道株式会社
▶ 日本空港ビルデング株式会社
▶ 日本マイクロソフト株式会社
▶ 東日本旅客鉄道株式会社
▶ 富士通株式会社
▶ 株式会社ゆりかもめ
▶ YRPユビキタス・ネットワーキング研究所
■ オブザーバ
▶ 総務省 情報流通行政局 情報流通振興課
▶ 総務省 情報流通行政局 地域通信振興課
▶ 国土交通省 総合政策局 情報政策課
▶ 国土交通省 総合政策局 公共交通政策部
▶ 国土交通省 政策統括官（国土）付
▶ 国土交通省 鉄道局 鉄道サービス政策室
▶ 国土交通省 鉄道局 都市鉄道政策課
▶ 東京都 都市整備局
■ 事務局
▶ YRPユビキタス・ネットワーキング研究所
▶ 東京大学大学院情報学環 ユビキタス情報社会基盤研究
センター
10
Sorry
in
Japanese

11. iii, The University of Tokyo
PART 2
Open Data of Public
Transportation in Tokyo
Case Study of open data across public and
private sectors
11

12. Tokyo Railway Map
12

13. Tokyo Bus Map
13

14. iii, The University of Tokyo
Railway
1,052km, 766 Stations, 14,500 Cars
Buses
7,023km, 2,545 Lines, 15,000 Cars
Taxi
50,000 Cars
14

15. iii, The University of Tokyo
Many Public Transportation
Operators in Tokyo
Railway: 14 companies and sector
Buses: 38 companies and sector
Taxi: 1,100 companies
15

16. eg. Railway Companies and Sector in Tokyo
■ JR East
■ JR Tokai (Shinkansen)
■ Tokyo Metro
■ Tokyo Metropolitan Government (Public Sector)
■ Tokyu Railways
■ Tobu Railways
■ Seibu Railways
■ Keio Railways
■ Odakyu Railways
■ Keisei Railways
■ Keikyu Railways
■ Tsukuba Express
■ Tokyo Monorail
■ Rinkai Line
■ Yurikamome
16

17. Railway Station is Owned by Multiple Sectors in a Mosaic
Manner (ex. “Ikebukuro” Station)
17
Tobu
Railway
Tokyo
Metro
Tobu
Building
JR
East Tokyo
Metro
Seibu
Railway
Shopping
Center
Department
Store
A
Department
Store
B
Department
Store
C
JR
Building
Difficulty in providing integrated information services

18. Necessary information of Public Transportation for
passengers
■ Arrival time (realtime location information)
■ Congestion information
■ Temperature of train/bus cars
■ Delay information
■ Change transfer information using realtime
information
■ etc...
18

19. Overview of Live Transportation Information Tokyo
■ Realtime location information of railways and buses
▶ In the experimental operation 2013-2014,
information of Yamanote Line (JR East) and Toei Bus (Tokyo Metropolitan
Government) were provides.
▶ Estimated location of each train/car is displayed with an icon on a map.
! Realtime location data has a delay about one minutes.
■ Timetable information
▶ Timetable of each station and bus stop is shown by pointing railway station
and bus stop.
■ Operation information
▶ Railway lines in trouble are displayed on a map.
19

20. IoT/Open Data System Architecture of Live
Transportation Map Tokyo
Information
services
open data platform
20
Opendata Platform
Information
services of
public
transportation
Special information
service of Public
Transportation for
the Physically Disabled
Ubiquitous Location-aware
Information Services
Tokyo Station Data
(Name and location of facilities,
Environmental information
(temperature, humidity, and
pollen))
Data collection
from public
transportation
companies/sectors
Railway data
(Realtime Location, Delay,
Cancellation, etc...)
Toei Bus Data
(Realtime location, delay,
cancellation, etc...)
data
data
data

21. Realtime Location Information of Trains and Buses
Bus Stop
Station
Train
Bus
The Train is running
from Yurakucho Station to Tokyo Statio
n
The bus is running
from Otemachi to Kandabas
hi

22. Dokosil（March 31, 2013, Tokyo）
22

23. Collected Data are Opened via API for App. Developers
■ Opened Data
■ Public Transportation Data
▶ Time table, operation status, realtime location information, etc...
▶ Information of facilities such as railway stations, bus stops/terminals, etc...
23

24. Developed apps (1/3)
OpenData+RailMaping TOREBASA! Eki-Tei Navi
Busreq Collecting Trains Yanamote-Line
Collecting train cars stopping at stations
LapppinPedia
Collecting wrapping trains
running in Yamanote Line

25. Developed apps (2/3)
HyperTransfer OriNavi SpotNavi
Mushing-up information of tourism
and bus operation
SuggestingSensor TokyoStationNavi

26. Developed apps (3/3)
EkiSen (Eki-Sensors)
Filtering facility information using
sensors in the station
Ekimachi-App (Waiting at the station) Realtime Operation Status Display App
BusMap
Visualizing Bus Operation
FixtheStation App

27. Tokyo Metro Co. Ltd., Open Data Contest Now
27

28. iii, The University of Tokyo
PART 3
Lessons from the Project
28

29. iii, The University of Tokyo
Public Transportation
Information is so “public”
Private sectors hold important data
for public benefits
29

30. iii, The University of Tokyo
Arguments from public transportation operators
“We are not government.
Why must we open data?”
“Transportation data is a property of
private companies.”
30

31. “Public Services by Private Sectors”
■ In Japan, ... and also in other countries,..
■ Many public services are provides by private sectors
as well as public sectors
▶ In London, metro services are provided by London City Government
▶ In Tokyo, metro services are provided by both Tokyo City Government and
Tokyo metro company.
■ How can we apply open data principle for private
companies providing public services?
31

32. Typical Solutions
■ Regulation by government
▶ “For the public benefits, private companies must open data.”
▶ [Advantages] Very simple principle.
▶ [Problem] Japanese government do not have so strong leadership now.
■ Fee-Charging data
▶ [Advantage] This is also simple principle. Managers of companies may agree with this
principle easily.
▶ [Problem] This is not open data. This is normal commercial data business.
■ CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility)
▶ “Open data for public benefits is a kind of CSR.”
▶ [Advantage] Good balance between no strong enforcement and open data concept
▶ [Problem] It will take a long time for big companies to change the company policy
■ Other solution??
▶ We would like to know experiences of other countries.
32

33. iii, The University of Tokyo
Who share the cost?
Who is responsible for the risk?
We must answer these questions
for encouraging the open data
of private sectors.
33

34. iii, The University of Tokyo
Thank you
34