Geography & history, 1o ESO

1. The atmosphere: components and
layers.
Atmosphere is a layer of gases that surround the Earth. It’s 1000 km.
thick. Oxygen and nitrogen are the main components, but it has other
gases as CO2 or Ozone, vital for life.
Low temperatures
High temperatures
(ozone layer)

2. Atmospherical global risks
Global warming by greenhouse effect:
More amount of CO2 increases Earth
temperatures
Ozone hole:
It lets the ultraviolet
Radiation reach Earth

3. FEATURES AND FACTORS OF CLIMATE
MAIN CLIMATES
FEATURES
ARE
TEMPERATURE
How warm the air is.
WIND
Movement of air masses,
depending
On atmospheric pressure.
PRECIPITATION
Amount of water falling in a
place
PRESSURE

4. High pressure
(antyciclone)
WEATHER CHART
Cold front
Warm front
Low pressure
(depression)
Isobars

5. Where are the anticyclones and depressions?

6. Depression weather
Thick cloud
(nymbus)
Rainfall

7. “anvil cloud”
(Nube yunque)
over Cáceres
-sept. 2014-
1. Formation of the
Anvil.
2. Dispersion of the
Storm cell.

8. Tornadoes and
Heavy storms
Appear when
Two masses of
Air colide...
Kansas, USA
Cold and humid air
Hot and dry air

9. Different pressure in the
atmosphere
creates masses of air:
Depressions and anticyclones
Counterclockwise: H
Clockwise: L

10. Katrina hurricane
2005
Eye
Heavy rainfall

11. Anticyclone weather
(stable and dry, can be cold or
Hot)
Sunny weather
High clou
(cyrrus)
fog

12. FACTORS OF CLIMATE
CLIMATE IS
INFLUENCED
BY…
LATITUDE
Equator = hot; poles = cold
ALTITUDE
The higher, the colder.
PROXIMITY TO SEAS AND
OCEANS
The closer to an ocean, the milder and
more humidity.
MOUNTAIN RANGES
Shadow effect.
OCEAN CURRENTS
Warm currents: mild weather, cool
currents: dry and cold.
GREENHOUSE EFFECT
CO2 keeps planet Earth warm enough to
allow life to emerge.

16. Factors: mountain ranges

17. Factors: greenhouse effect
Global warming by greenhouse effect:
More amount of CO2 increases Earth
temperatures

18. WORLD CLIMATES

19. Example of climograph (Cáceres)
Red curve shows
Temperature.
Light blue boxes
Shows rainfall.
Every capital letter
means a month of
The year.

20. When happens the maximum
precipitation?
When is the minimum
temperature?
When is the highest
temperature?

21. EQUATORIAL CLIMATE
Temperatures are very high
and without variation.
Rainfall: 1500 mm all the year
Round.

22. Tropical climate
Between the Equator and the tropics.
Temperatures are high all the year round.
There is a dry season and a wet season.
depending on rainfall, it will be a dry tropical
climate or wet.
Monzonic climate

23. Temperatures are high
(average 25ºC),
But may fall below 18º
some months
Precipitation is scarce,
less than 300 mm
HOT DESERT CLIMATE
Arizona, USA

24. Anatolia plateau, Turkey
STEPPES CLIMATE
Precipitation is similar
to hot deserts.
Temperatures are less
than 5ºC in winter.
Steppes depend not only on latitude
But in mountains ranges as well.

25. Mediterranean Climate
Cape Town, South Africa
Located on 60º latitude
Summers are hot and dry,
And winters are mild.
Most precipitations fall
In spring and autumn
(300-800 mm)

26. Continental climate
Inlands, Northern Hemisphere
Sharp contrast between cold
Winter and warm summer.
Rainfall: 300-1000 mm

27. Oceanic climate
Close to west coasts of oceans
Summers and winters
are mild. Preciptations are
Abundant (+1000 mm)

28. Polar climate
Temperatures are very low
During the whole year.
There is no summer and
Rainfall is scarce.
Sun rays are weak and angled
In sharp contrast with Equator.

29. MOUNTAIN CLIMATE
High amount of precipitations.
Low temperatures.
The higher altitude we are,
the lower precipitations
And higher precipitations.

30. Which climates can we identify in
the following climographs?