4. • A TUMOR is a commonly used, but non-specific,
term for a neoplasm. The word tumor simply
refers to a mass.
• This is a general term that can refer to benign or
malignant growths.
5. NEOPLASIA
NEO “new” PLASMA “formation”
R. A WILLIS
"A neoplasm is an abnormal mass of tissue, the
growth of which exceeds and is uncoordinated
with that of the normal tissues, and persists in the
same excessive manner after cessation of the
stimulus which evoked the change."
6. • Cancer is a general term for malignant
neoplasm CARCINOS
• CARCINOMA SARCOMA LYMPHOMA
LEUKEMIA
13. Incidence
• 6th most common malignancy
• India –upto 40% of all malignancies
• M>F -2:1
• AGE : 60 yrs
• 5 year survival rate
• 90% is SCC
• Most common site – lateral border of tongue
18. ETIOLOGY
• Tobacco with or without Betel Nut: About
90% of people with oral cavity and
oropharyngeal cancer use tobacco
• Alcohol: Drinking alcohol strongly increases a
smoker's risk of developing oral cavity and
oropharyngeal cancer.
• Ultraviolet light: More than 30% of patients
with cancers of the lip have outdoor occupations
associated with prolonged exposure to sunlight.
• Irritation: Long-term irritation to the lining of
the mouth caused by poorly fitting dentures
19. • Poor nutrition: A diet low in fruits and
vegetables is associated with an increased risk
• Mouthwash: Some studies have suggested that
mouthwash with a high alcohol content
• Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection:
• Immune system suppression:
• Age: The likelihood of developing oral and
oropharyngeal cancer increases with age,
especially after age 35.
• Gender: Oral and oropharyngeal cancer is
twice as common in men as in women
20. WHO has listed several conditions
having potential to transform into OC
• Lichen planus
• Erythroplakia
• Actinic chelitis
• OSMF
• Leukoplakia ( verrucous)
• SYPHILIS
• DLE
• Sideropenic Dysphagia
21.
22.
23.
24.
25. Inherited Risk Factors
A review of inherited cancer syndromes and their
relevance to oral squamous cell carcinoma (Prime
SS, Thakker NS, et.al. Oral oncology 2001
Jan;37(1):1-16: examined genetic defects
associated with inherited cancer syndromes and
their relevance to oral cancer.
Defective DNA repair mechanism: xeroderma
pigmentosa, bloom syndrome, fanconi anemia,
cowden syndrome,dyskeratosis congenita
26. • Tumor suppressor gene(p53) defect: Li
Fraumeni syndrome.
• Relationship between ABO blood groups and
oral cancer (Jaleel BF, et. al. Indian J Dental
Research 2012 Jan;23(1):7-10:
found that people with blood group A had
1.46 times higher risk of developing oral cancer as
compared with other blood group.
27.
28. Molecular Basis of Cancer
• Tumor suppressor genes : p16,p21,p53,RB gene.
• Proto-oncogene : bcl1 , cyclin D1,bcl2 erb-b, ras.
• Telomeres, telomerase, cell senescence
• Tumor invasion and metastasis:: loss of 9p21
chromosome region
61. REFERENCE
Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine: The Basis of
Diagnosis and Treatment C Scully
Burket's Oral Medicine 12th edition M Glick
Oral Pathology: Clinical Pathologic Correlations
Regezi ,Sciubba, Jordan
The Washington Manual of Oncology R
Govindan
62. JOURNALS
• Basis of Carcinogenesis P Uma Devi Health
administrator
• Oral field cancerization : update on current
concepts M Mohan Oncology Reviews
• Diagnostic aids in detection of Oral Cancer : An
update G Sharma WJS
