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Components of removable appliances 2 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
1. Removable orthodontic
appliances
• Active components
* Springs
i) Finger spring:-most important
removable orthodontic
appliances.
-used for mesiodistal
movement of the teeth.
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3. ii) Z spring:It is used for labial
movement of incisors
& correction of minor
rotations.
iii) T spring:It is used for the
buccal movements of
the premolars &
canine.
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4. iv) Mattress spring:used for the correction
of labial movement of
the teeth in crossbite
where sufficient
space available for
tooth movement.
v) Helical coil spring:used to regain lost
extraction space.
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5. vi) Coffin spring:Introduced by
WALTER COFFIN in
1881.
It is an omega
shaped spring which
helps to bring about
arch expansion.
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6. vii) Canine retractors:#Buccal self supported
canine –
→ It is made up of 0.7mm
wire. It consists of
active arm, helix of
3mm diameter & a
retentive arm. Coil is
placed distal to long
axis of canine.
→ indicated in case
where canine is
buccally place &
placed high in
vestibule.
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7. #Palatal canine
retractor:→Made up of 0.6mm
stainless steel wire. It
consists of active arm,
helix coil,& a guiding
arm.
→It is indicated in case of
palatally placed canine
which required
retraction.
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8. #Helical canine retractor:→Also called reverse loop
canine retractor. Made up
of 0.6mm wire.
→It consist of active arm,
retentive arm & coil of
3mm of diameter.
→Activation done either by
opening the coil by 2mm
or by cutting 2mm of free
end & readapt it around
the canine.
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9. # U loop canine retractor:→Made up of 0.6-0.7mm
round stainless steel
wire.It consists of U loop,
active arm & retentive
arm.
→U loop placed 2-3mm
below the cervical margin.
→It is used when minimum
retraction (12mm)required.
→ It is easy in fabrication &
less bulky.
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10. • Bows:i)Short labial bow:→Made up of 0.7mm
round stainless steel
wire.It is constructed in
such a way that the bow
contacts the most
prominent labial
surfaces of anterior
teeth.
→It is used for retention
purpose as well as
minor overjet reduction
& anterior space
closure.
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11. ii) Long labial bow:→It is just the modification of
short labial bow. It extends
from first premolar to first
premolar of opposite side.
iii)Split labial bow :→Modification of short
labial bow. It is split in
the middle.Effective in
anterior retraction &
closure of midline
diastema.
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12. iv)Robert’s retractor:Made up of 0.5mm wire.It
extends from labial
surface of canine to
canine instead of a
regular loop it
incorporates a 3mm
internal diameter helix at
the base of the loop.The
distal arm of the loops are
supported in softened
stainless steel tubes of
0.5mm internal diameter.
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13. v) Reverse labial bow
It’s the modification of
conventional bow. In this
there is a U loop &
activation of the applianceis
done by opening the loop.
vi) Mills retractor:It’s also modification of
conventional bow.It is used
in patients with increased
overjet.But due to it’s
complex design & poor
patient complience it is not
widely used.
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14. vii)High labial bow with
apron spring:It extends high in the vestibule. It
is made up of thicker gauge
wire & onto which thinner
gauge of wire of 0.4mm wire is
attached for the retraction of
one or more upper anterior
teeth.
viii) Fitted labial bow:It adapts the contours of the
labial surface of the teeth
& used for retention
purpose.
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15. • Screw:It’s active component of the
removal appliance.It is
activated by the patient by
using a key.Mainly it can
bring about three types of
movements-Expansion of arch.
-Movement of teeth or group
of teeth in buccal or labial
direction.
- Movement of teeth or group
of teeth in mesial or distal
direction.
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16. • Advantage of screw over the spring:1) Easier to manage.
2) Less chair side time required.
3) Fewer tendencies to get dislodged
ideal tooth movement is achieved by
turning the screw a quarter turn every 37 days.
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17. • Elastics:-seldom used .
-generally used for
anterior retraction
with labial bow.
-Advantage
:Aesthetically
acceptable.
-Disadvantage
: can cause gingival
trauma.
:risk of arch form getting
flattened.
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18. • Passive components
Clasp:
It is a retentive component of the
removable appliance which helps in
keeping the appliance in place & resist the
displacement of the appliance.
Mode of action:
Clasps acts by engaging certain
constricted areas of the teeth that are
called undercuts
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19. • Two types of undercuts are found in
natural dentition
1)Buccal & lingual undercuts“C”clasp & Jackson’s clasp.
2)Mesial & distal undercutsAdam’s clasp & Crozat clasp.
• Requirement of the clasp
1)Should offer adequate retention.
2)Can use in partially & fully erupted teeth.
3)Easy to fabricate.
4)Should not apply active force.
5)Should not impinge soft tissue.
6)Should not interfere with normal occlusion.
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20. 1) Circumferential clasp:
→also called Three quarter or C
clasp.
→Parts :-Circumferential
retentive tip, interocclusal
arm, retentive arm.
→Advantages:
i)Easy to fabricate.
ii)Simple in design.
→Disadvantage:
Can not used in partially
erupted teeth.
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21. 2)Jackson’s clasp:
→Also called U clasp or Full
clasp.
→Advantage:
-Easy to construct.
-Offer adequate retention.
→Disadvantage:
-Inadequate retention in
partially erupted teeth.
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22. 3) Adams clasp:-By C.P.Adams.
-Also called as Liverpool
clasp,Universal
clasp,Modified arrowhead
clasp.
-Parts…Two
arrowheads,Bridge,Two
retentive arms.
Advantagesi)Rigid & offer good retention.
ii)Can used in partially erupted
teeth.
iii)Can give in permanent &
deciduous teeth.
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24. 4)South end clasp-Used for retention purpose in
anterior region.
-The wire adapted on the cervical
margin of both central incisors.
5)Triangular clasp-Small triangular shaped clasp
between two adjacent posterior
teeth & engages the proximal
undercut.
-Use: whenever additional
retention needed.
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25. 6)Ball end claspThis appliance have a ball
like structure on one
end.This ball can be made
with the help of silver
solder. The ball engages
the proximal undercut
between two adjacent
posterior teeth.
Indication:
Whenever additional
retention is needed.
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26. 7)Crozat clasp-Resembles full clasp but an
additional piece of wire
soldered which engages in
mesial & distal proximal
undercut.
8)Schwartz clasp-Also called arrowhead clasp.
-Engages in interproximal area
between premolar & molar.
-Provide adequate retention.
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27. • Disadvantage of
Schwartz clasp:1)Need special arrowhead
forming plier.
2)Occupies large amount of
space in buccal vestibule.
3)Can injure inter dental soft
tissue.
4)Difficult to fabricate & time
consuming.
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28. • Base plate:-It is made up of cold cure acrylic resin.
-The primary function of base plate is to
incorporate all the components together as a
functional unit.
-Helps in anchoring the appliance in place.
-Provide support to wire components.
-Helps in distributing forces over a larger area.
-It’s thickness should be 1.5-2 mm
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