KIDNEY LOCATION /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy

Kidney
Location:

www.indiandentalacademy.com

INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing dental education


“What is man but an ingenious
machine designed to turn with
‘infinite artfulness’, the red
wine of shiraz into urine” …!
Isak Denison


Kidney damage is the major
cause of Morbidity and
Mortality in patients with
Diabetes, Hypertension,
Atherosclerosis etc.
(no 1 cause of death in the present time)


Introduction:
 150gm

each
 1700 liters of blood filtered  180 L of
Gfiltrate  1.5 l of urine / day.
 150gm, retro-peritoneal organ
 Renal Artery & Vein
 One half of kidney is sufficient – reserve
 Filtration, Excretion, Secretion, Hormone
synthesis.

Kidney Anatomy:


Nephron
Structure:


Kidney Histology:


Diseases of Kidney:
Glomerulonephritis Glomerular

diseases Destruction of glomeruli by immune
or infections.
Acute tubular necrosis Tubular
diseases Necrosis of tubules by toxins or
infections.
Pyelonephritis Interstitial disease Infections
Nephrosclerosis Vascular diseases ––
thickening of blood vessels Hypertension
leading to microwww.indiandentalacademy.com
infarctions.

Clinical Syndromes:
Nephritic syndrome.
– Oliguria, Haematuria, Proteinuria, Oedema.

Nephrotic syndrome.
– Gross proteinuria, hyperlipidemia,

Acute renal failure
– Oliguria, loss of Kidney function - within

weeks

Chronic renal failure.
– Over months and years - Uremia

Immune Glomerulonephritis:
C.Immune Complex

ANTI-GBM


HEYMANN

Glomerulonephritis:



1.
2.
3.
4.

Immune mechanisms – Most common
Toxins - poisoning
Metabolic – acidosis, hemolysis, etc.
Activation of complement system
destruction of glomerular structure
Inflammation
Affect renal function – excess filtration or
decreased filtration. (with RBC & WBC)

•Normal

•Proliferative
•Post strepto

Mesangiocapillary GN: (MPGN)


Chronic Glomerulonephritis:


Urolithiasis:


Urolithiasis Hydronephrosis:


Urine Microscopy :
 Cells Casts Crystals.
Crystals
 Casts

are formed within nephron.
 Casts Suggest Kidney pathology.
 Casts can be made up of Protein, lipid,
cells or mixed.
 Crystals suggest high concentration or
altered solubility.


Formation of Casts:


Granular Cast:


RBC Casts:


Epithelial Casts in Urine:


Granular Casts in Urine:


WBC Cast Urine:


RBC in Urine :


WBC in Urine :


Urine Oxalate Crystals:


Mixed Cast Urine:


Leader in continuing dental education


KIDNEY LOCATION /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy

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KIDNEY LOCATION /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy