Research on Carbon Sinks in Bamboo Forest Management

1. Research on Carbon Sinks
in
Bamboo Forest Management
Prof. Guomo Zhou
UNFCCC / COP20 Lima Peru 2014.12.1--12
zhougm@zafu.edu.cn

2. Bamboo Forest:
Introduction
 An important and special forest type
 Growing fast, having good economic and ecological values
 Playing an important role in promoting rural development,
and has a strong capacity of fixing CO2 as well

3. Since 2001, studies on bamboo forest carbon
sequestration have been continually carried out
by our research group.
The scenery of bamboo forest – bamboo sea
(Anji county , Zhejiang province, China)

4. Main Contents
1
Bamboo forest resources distribution and
utilization
2
Bamboo carbon dynamic and sequestration
characteristics
3 Some techniques and methodology for Carbon
sequestration of bamboo forest
4 Next step for research

5. 1
Bamboo forest resources distribution
and utilization

6. 150 genus and more than 1,200 species worldwide
, bamboo forests cover 20 million ha, accounting
for 1% of total forest area in the world, called “the
second largest forest resource” in the world.
Three main bamboo forest areas ： Asia-Pacific
region, South America and Africa
1.1 Distribution of bamboo forest

7. Distribution of Bamboo forest in China
In China: 34 genus, 534 species (40% of total
bamboo species)
Bamboo forest area: 6.01 million ha (30% of total
bamboo forest in worldwide), including 4.32
million ha of Moso bamboo forest.
Four main bamboo forest regions, including 15
provinces such as Zhejiang, Fujian, Sichuan etc.

8.  Bamboo is being widely used for: plywood, flooring,
furniture, fibre ,arts and crafts, charcoal etc.
 More than 2,000 bamboo products were produced in
China, total output value of bamboo industry: 167 billion in
2013
1. 2 Comprehensive Usage of bamboo products
Wood-bamboo laminated lumber Bamboo flooring veneer-faced decorative board
Bamboo Kitchen furniture Bamboo House Bamboo desk

9. Bamboo fibre
Bamboo craft
Bamboo charcoal

10. Bamboo indoor
flooring
Bamboo fire-proof
material
Bamboo outdoor
material
Bamboo furniture
Wind turbine blades
made of bamboo
Bamboo indoor
decorative material

11. Nike Sport Court - Bamboo sport flooringOffice Furniture of Microsoft (Shanghai)
Theatre decorated with bamboo
( Wuxi, Jiangsu)

12. Bamboo Dashboard in X5,
X6 Series of BMW Vehicles
Madrid Airport Decorated with
Bamboo Material

13. Since 1990, the bamboo forest has increased about
0.13 million ha every year in China ; in 2010, the
output of bamboo wood increased 6 times more
than that in 1990.
1.3 Rapid increase of bamboo wood
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
年
竹材产量（万根）
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
年
木材产量（万m3
）
Output of Bamboo wood from
1950 to 2010
Output of timber from
1950 to 2010

14. 2
Bamboo carbon dynamic and
sequestration characteristics

15. Our studies focus on:
 carbon accumulation characteristics/
 carbon spatial distribution/
 carbon forms/
 carbon transfer of bamboo forest/
 carbon sequestration capability/

16. Botanically, bamboo is a grass, and not a tree
bamboo grows comparably faster one of the→
fastest growing/most renewable forest
resources/plants in the world
bamboo: up to 13 m high, growth up to 0.3
meter/day and reaches final height/ within 2
months
 Different characteristics than trees
2.1 Carbon accumulation during growth
process of moso bamboo

17.  Video 1 : Bamboo grows

18.  Video 2 : Bamboo forest
grows

19. New-shoot bamboo has a strong capability of
carbon storage, the carbon fixed in the first 6
months accounts for 88.8% of total carbon
that fixed in the first year.
Bamboo growth height curve Carbon accumulation curve

20. When the bamboo leaf starts to appear, the young
bamboo has strong photosynthesis capability for
carbon fixation (Max. net photosynthetic rate:
12.95 μmol m-2
s-1
)
Each year, there are two peaks (May and October).
For the bamboo plants with 5 year age, they still
have strong photosynthetic efficiency.
2.2 Characteristics of photosynthetic
carbon fixation of moso bamboo
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
上层 下层
净光合速率/(μmol·m-2
·s-1)
光合有效辐射/ (μmol · m
-2
· s
-1
)
图6 林冠上下两个层次的光响应曲线
Fig. 6 Responses of photosynthesis to PAR on
the upper layer and the bottom layer
- 0. 50
0. 00
0. 50
1. 00
1. 50
2. 00
2. 50
6 8 10 12 14 16 18
时间/ Ti me
净光合速率/(μmol·m
-2
·s
-1
)
图3 毛竹净光合速率日变化
Fig.3 Diurnal variation of net photosynthetic
rate(Pn) of Phllostachy pubescens
Fig.4 Diurnal variation o
intercellular CSeasonal variation of carbon
fixation under different aged
moso bamboo
Photoresponse curve of
different tree canopy
Daily photosynthetic rates
variation of moso bamboo

21. Four carbon forms
were found in
bamboo tissues: alkyl
carbon, O-alkyl
carbon, aromatic
carbon, and carboxyl
carbon
The ratios of carbon
forms were relatively
stable with the
carbon accumulation
in young bamboo.
2.3 Carbon forms in the tissue of young bamboo
(Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(NMR)
technique)
4-22
5-2
5-10
O-alkyl C
Alkyl CCarboxyl C
Aromatic C
4-13
NMR spectra of carbon functional
groups in bamboo tissue during four
different growth periods

22. The carbon storage of moso bamboo forest ecosystem
is 106.362 t hm-2
: vegetation layer 32.18%, soil layer
67.20%, litter layer 0.62%.
For a single moso bamboo tree, culm: 50.97%, leaf
only: 4.87% of total carbon storage.
Underground carbon accounts for 37.62% .
2.4 Carbon storage and distribution in
bamboo forest ecosystem
Carbon storage in moso bamboo
forest ecosystem
Carbon storage for a singal moso
bamboo organs

23.  There are 4.32 million ha of Moso bamboo forest in
China. The carbon storage in vegetation layer
accounts for about 153 Tg C (unit:1Tg=10^9g).
The carbon storages of the ten main bamboo species
in China range from 86.30 to 181.81 t hm-2
.
2.4 Carbon storage and distribution in
bamboo forest ecosystem
The carbon storages of ten main
bamboo species

24.  Comparing to convention management, the total
organic carbon (TOC), microbial biomass carbon
(MBC), water soluble carbon (WSOC) and mineralizable
carbon (MC) in soil significantly (P<0.05) decrease
after 5-year intensive management.
The TOC in soil decreases by 34.70%, and the MBC
carbon decreases by 49.35%.
2.5 Soil carbon content of bamboo forest
under intensive management
Year TOC （ g/kg ） WSOC （ mg/kg ） MBC （ mg/kg ） MC （ mg/kg ）
0 25.9 a 65.2 a 490.9 a 24.5 a
5 22.8 b 41.7 b 387.2 b 13.5 b
10 18.3 c 39.9 b 364.4 b 11.1 b
15 16.1 d 38.4 b 330.5 bc 10.3 b
20 16.5 d 39.5 b 308.9 c 11.3 b
30 16.9 d 40.1 b 289.4 c 10.5 b
Variation of soil carbon pool of different carbon forms under intensive management

25.  Fertilizer application could decrease (TOC )content in
bamboo forest, and significantly increase soil
greenhouse gases emission （ CO2 and N2O ） .
Mulch led to TOC content increase in lei bamboo forest,
but meanwhile , it enhance soil respiratory rate.
2.6 The affects of fertilizer and mulch on
greenhouse gas emission of bamboo forest
20
25
30
35
40
2009-04-16
2009-05-15
2009-06-15
2009-07-16
2009-08-17
2009-09-15
2009-10-15
2009-11-15
2009-12-14
土壤有机碳g/kg
TOC/g/kg
对照处理
覆盖处理
TOC and respiration of lei bamboo
forest under mulch
Fertilizer application affect on TOC
and CO2 emission
0
300
600
900
1200
1500
CO2
通量CO2
efflux(mgm
-2
h
-1
)
2008-06-28a a
b b
bc
c
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
处 理 号
Number of treatments
2008-11-28
e
b
a
bc
cd
d
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1 2 3 4 5 6
处理 Tr eament
TOC(g/kg)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1 2 3 4 5 6
处理 Tr eament
WSOC(mg/kg)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
1 2 3 4 5 6
处理 Tr eament
MBC(mg/kg)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1 2 3 4 5 6
处理 Tr eament
MC(mg/kg.d)

26.  Rhizome system allows simultaneous biomass→
extraction (harvesting old bamboo) & carbon storage
(growing new bamboo shoot)
Ecosystem survives hundreds, but individual culms die
after around 13 years
2.7 Carbon transfer of bamboo forest
Bamboo forest ecosystem Rhizome system

27. The single bamboo grows in 6 year and was allowed to
mature, and then be cut off .
 Bamboo forest is a uneven-aged forest. The harvest is
taken every two years.
In this way, carbon transfers form bamboo forest to
bamboo board , to products.
Bamboo forest
Harvested
bamboo timber
Bamboo semifinished
product
Bamboo
board

28. Carbon transfer ration from bamboo stand to bamboo
board:
 Traditional technique: 35.0—39.7%, with an average of 37.0%.
 Bamboo flatten technique: 61.2—73.5%, with an average of
67.6%
Carbon storage of bamboo products was estimated
about ten million ton every year in China , as the
output of bamboo wood is 1,4 billion culm.
Carbon storage in bamboo products can be kept for a
long time.
Bamboo utilization
process
30 35 40 45 50 55 60
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
/%碳 转 移 率
概率
7.5-8.5cm胸 径
8.5-9.5cm胸 径
9.5-10.5cm胸 径
10.5-11.5cm胸 径
11.5-12.5cm胸 径
Bamboo utilization
process
Carbon transfer ration of different
glued laminated bamboo
Carbon transfer ration of different DBH
bamboo to reconstituted bamboo

29.  Bamboo containing abundant phytolith. Phytolith-
occluded carbon (PhytOC) plays an important role in soil
carbon sequestration, as it can be kept in soil for a long
time (thousands years).
 PhytOC is mainly kept in leaves (approx. 60%). The
average PhytOC storage in bamboo forest soil is 1 .56
t·hm-2
.
 Phytolith-occluded carbon accounts for about 30% from
bamboo forest in China.
2.8 Phytolith-occluded carbon in bamboo forest
Annual carbon sequestration rate of China's
bamboo forests and world's bamboo
Organic carbon in phytolith Formation and Accumulation
mechanism of PhytOC

30.  The PhytOC accumulation rates of moso and lei bamboo
forest soils were 0.06 t C ha-1
yr-1
and 0.079 t C ha-1
yr-1
,
respectively, which were higher than the average
accumulation rate of timber forest soils(0.024 t C ha-1
yr-1
),
indicating that PhytOC is the main way to sequester carbon
in bamboo forest soils.
 The mulch can significantly improve PhytOC accumulation
rate in soil. After 20 years, the PhytOC in soil increased by
1.58 t C ha-1
.
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
叶 枝 杆 根 蔸 鞭
竹子器官
PhytOC年产量(t-e-CO2ha
-1
yr
-1
)
PhytOC accumulation in the
organ of moso bamboo
PhytOC in lei bamboo soil in different mulch history
Research results published in
“Scientific Reports”:
 Management can increase soil PhytOC storage
 Provide new theoretical basis for bamboo
forest soil carbon sequestration

31.  Two carbon-water flux observation towers in bamboo
forest were built for continually carbon dynamic
monitoring from 2010.1--2013.9.
 Based on eddy covariance technology, we analyzed the
dynamic variation of carbon source and sink, and net
carbon sequestration in Moso bamboo and Lei bamboo.
2.9 Carbon-water flux observation and
Eddy covariance technology
Flux tower for Lei bamboo
in Lin’an county
Flux tower for Moso
bamboo in Anji county
Equipment on the flux
tower

32.  Moso bamboo forest had a strong carbon sink capability
based on a two-years study. the NEE peak values were
found in March and July, the fixed net amount of CO2 was
about 24.309 t hm-2
yr-1
.
 For Lei bamboo forest, net carbon emission was
observed from December to February. The NEE peak
values were in May and November. The fixed net amount
of CO2 was 4.631 t hm-2
yr-1
.
The monthly variation of GEE, RE,
NEE in Lei bamboo forest, from
2010.10 to 2012.9
The monthly variation of GEE, RE,
NEE in moso bamboo forest, from
2010.12 to 2012.6

33.  Base on the carbon-water flux observation , the fixed net
amount of CO2 of moso bamboo forest in China is about 97
Tg CO2-e .
 The comparison of carbon sequestration capability
between bamboo forest and other subtropical forest types
is as follow( see table) 。 It shows the fixed net amount of
CO2 of bamboo forest is larger than that of broad-leaf
forest, as well as that of Chinese fir plantation.
Location Climate type Forest type Period t CO2
hm-2
yr-1
Dinghushan ， Guangdon
g
south subtropical masson pine 2003-2005 6.23
Dinghushan ， Guangdon
g
south subtropical
Theropencedry-
mion
2003-2005 9.94
Changbai Mountain, Jilin north temperate
Theropencedry-
mion
2003-2005 6.49
Qianyanzhou, Jiangxi middle subtropical
Theropencedry-
mion
2003-2005 18.37
Yueyang, Hunan middle subtropical artificial poplar 2006 21.23
Huitong, Hunan middle subtropical Chinese fir 2008 11.48
Anji, Zhejiang subtropical Mso bamboo 2011 24.309
The fixed net amount of CO2 in different forest types in subtropical zone

34. Stand
type
Age of
Stand/year
Carbon storage
in arbor layer
(t·hm-2
)
Annual carbon
storage in arbor
layer (t·hm-2
)
Total carbon
storage
(t·hm-2
)
Annual carbon
storage
(t·hm-2
)
Moso
bamb
oo
6 31.6 5.09 120.3 20.0
Chine
se fir
10 35.1 3.51 118.9 11.9
Mass
on
pine
14 38.1 2.72 203.0 8.59
 Based on the plot survey: the annual Carbon storage in arbor
layer: moso bamboo is 1.45 and 1.87 times that of Chinese fir
and Masson pine, respectively. (see table)
 Carbon storage capability of sympodial bamboo is equivalent
to fast-growing Eucalyptus.(see fig.)
2.10 Comparison of carbon sequestration capability
between bamboo forest and other forest types
Annual carbon storage variation of cluster
hemp bamboo and fast-growing eucalyptus
Total carbon storage of sympodial bamboo and
fast-growing eucalyptus in ten years

35. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
现存林分碳储量/tC•hm-2
1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49 52 55 58
时间（yr )
毛竹林分
杉木林分 After 10 years, the carbon storage in Moso
bamboo forest will be very stable, and
obviously lower than that in Chinese fir forest
(Fig. 1).
 The annual net carbon storage of moso
bamboo and Chinese fir stands were
showed( Fig. 2)
 The total carbon accumulation of Moso
bamboo forest is 1.34 times that of Chinese fir
forest through harvest (Fig. 3).
2.11 Managed bamboo forest carbon sequestration
Fig. 1 Carbon storage of the existing moso
bamboo and Chinese fir stands
from the first year to the 60th
year
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
碳年净量/tC•hm-2•yr-1
1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49 52 55 58
时间（yr )
毛竹林分
杉木林分
0
50
100
150
200
250
逐年碳累积量/tC•hm-2
1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49 52 55 58
时间（yr )
毛竹林分
杉木林分
Fig 2. The annual net carbon storage of moso
bamboo and Chinese fir stands from the
first year to the 60th year
Fig. 3 The carbon accumulation amount of moso
bamboo and Chinese fir from the first year
to the 60th year

36. 3
Some techniques and methodology for
Carbon sequestration of bamboo forest

37. Our studies focus on:
 carbon storage measuring techniques/
 Management techniques to improve carbon
sequestration capability/
 methodology for carbon accounting and monitoring /
 Demonstration and promotion

38.  Under different fertilizer application, the net carbon
sequestration capability in moso bamboo forests were significant
different, ranging from 9.42 to 11.84 t CO2 hm-2
a-1
.
 Through reasonable fertilizer application, the net carbon
sequestration could increase by 27.6% ；
 Reasonable fertilizer application ： 265kg ha-1
， proportion:
N:P:K=47 ： 15 ： 38 ） .(Nitrogen: Phosphor: Kalium)
3.1 Nutrients control techniques for improving
bamboo carbon sequestration capability
Levels
Factors
N- A
kg hm-1
P -B
kg hm-1
K- C
kg hm-1
1 62.5 (A1) 20 (B1) 25 (C1)
2 125 (A2) 40 (B2) 50 (C2)
3 250 (A3) 80 (B3) 100 (C3)
Comparation of net carbon sequestration
Under different fertilizer application
Testing program

39.  During bamboo shoot and young bamboo growing periods ( the
first 4 to 6 months), abundant water for bamboo growth (3
times more than the normal requirement) is needed
 To move the winter-mulch of Lei bamboo forest at early March
can decrease the CO2 emission by 62%.
3.2 Management techniques to improve carbon
sequestration capability of bamboo forest
水平
因素
施氮量 A
kg hm-1
施磷量 B
kg hm-1
施钾量 C
kg hm-1
1 62.5 (A1) 20 (B1) 25 (C1)
2 125 (A2) 40 (B2) 50 (C2)
3 250 (A3) 80 (B3) 100 (C3)
Orthogonal experimental design of
fertilizer application of bamboo forest
Soil respiratory rate under different
exposure time

40.  The optimal stand structure of bamboo forest :
Density: 4362 culm /ha,
Average diameter: 12.2cm,
Even proportion of different bamboo ages,
Biomass carbons will be: 42.48 t/ha.
3.3 Optimized model of bamboo forest structure
for improving carbon sequestration function
The trend figure for structure optimized model
and carbon storage of moso bamboo stand
65
)(max 44332211
cc
gTotal NDxcxcxcxcM +++=
Spatial structure index and carbon storage
per unit

41.  Based on 395 moso bamboo plots and 76,630 moso bamboo
trees, biomass model for single moso bamboo and binary
Weibull distribution model were established.
 Using this two models, the carbon storage of aboveground
moso bamboo biomass at different scales can be accurately
estimated
3.4 Estimated model for measurement of
carbon storage of bamboo forest
Biomass calculation model for
single moso bamboo :
R2
=0.937
Weibull distribution
model image
R2
=0.990

42. Biomass calculation model for
single moso bamboo tree,
Binary weibull distribution model
Total carbon storage of moso bamboo forest : 10.35 Tg
Minimum dimension conversion
method＋
Probablity values of DBH and ages of moso
bamboo
DBH
Age
1 2 3 4 ≥
Prob. Prob. Prob. Prob.
5 0.04382 0.03236 0.01510 0.00610
6 0.04890 0.04414 0.01931 0.00646
7 0.06715 0.06197 0.02710 0.00907
8 0.07502 0.07018 0.03071 0.01027
9 0.06843 0.06422 0.02808 0.00941
10 0.05043 0.04686 0.02050 0.00686
11 0.02954 0.02668 0.01167 0.00390
12 0.01344 0.01155 0.00505 0.00169
13 0.00463 0.00369 0.00162 0.00054
14 0.00117 0.00084 0.00037 0.00012
15 0.00021 0.00014 0.00005 0.00003
Total carbon storage of moso bamboo at different
DHB and ages
DBH
Age
1 2 3 4 ≥
5 23534.9215 17745.0930 8340.6315 3383.6829
6 30848.1238 28671.0887 12670.6101 4263.8421
7 50819.6837 48676.3216 21561.7349 7270.1964
8 68947.2686 67413.3199 29950.5336 10104.1918
9 76745.8954 75719.8808 33680.2951 11398.6204
10 68989.8370 67716.9532 30183.4444 10209.6657
11 49104.8783 47027.9138 20984.7382 7093.7674
12 26987.6844 24667.6354 11013.6562 3730.3640
13 11152.2359 9476.3269 4251.7504 1435.0435
14 3355.3908 2573.4447 1159.1743 380.8035
15 711.6791 507.6330 185.4914 112.7646
( Zhejiang province, 2009)

43.  Remote sensing information for moso bamboo were
constructed using multi-resource remote images.
 Based on the nonparametric and nonlinear models, the remote
sensing estimation of carbon storage for bamboo forest were
obtained.
3.5 Remote sensing technique to estimate
carbon storage in bamboo forest
Study area of moso bamboo
forest in Anji Study area of Lei bamboo in
Lin’an

44. Remote InformationField data
GPS
Spatial registration
Model Development

45. Spatial-temporal variation of carbon storage of moso bamboo
forest in Anji County （ 1986 ～ 2008 ）

46.  “Bamboo Afforestation Methodology for Verified Carbon
Reduction” was developed by ZAFU, INBAR and CGCF. On 25
Oct. 2013, NDRC (National Development and Reform
Commission ,PRC) officially endorsed the methodology
3.6 Development of carbon accounting
methodology for bamboo forest

47.  The development of this methodology was based on the above
researches, and lessons learned from a CGCF-funded moso
bamboo carbon afforestation pilot project in 2008 in Linan
county, Zhejiang province, China.
 In addition, the methodology also draws on relevant
international standards and regulations.
 The carbon credit produced by the pilot project was purchased
by Alibaba Company in Nov. 2011.
Bamboo carbon afforestation pilot project and carbon
credit trade

48. Formula to calculate net carbon sink
amount of projects
The total amount of net carbon sink ， t CO2 a-1
The carbon storage change of project, t CO2 a-1
Greenhouse gas emission in the project area, t CO2 a-1
Carbon leakage caused by afforestation project ， t CO2
a-1
Carbon storage change of baseline, t CO2 a-1
tBSLttEtojtoj CLKGHGCC ,,,Pr,Pr ∆−−−∆=
tBSLC ,∆
tLK
tEGHG ,
tojC ,Pr∆
tojC ,Pr

49. Year annual
variations
tCO2
-e.a-1
cumulant
tCO2
annual
variations
tCO2
-e.a-1
cumulant
tCO2
annual
variations
tCO2
-e.a-1
cumulant
tCO2
annual
variations
tCO2
-e.a-1
cumulant
t CO2
annual
variations t
CO2
-e.a-1
cumulant
tCO2
1 -331.81 -331.81 6.33 6.33 5.79 5.79 34.52 34.52 -378.45 -378.45
2 0.00 -331.81 6.33 0 5.79 50.88 85.4 -50.88 -429.33
3 1042.25 710.44 6.33 12.66 1.24 7.03 69.54 154.94 965.14 535.81
4 0.00 710.44 12.66 0 7.03 89.7 244.65 -89.7 446.1
5 2246.64 2957.08 6.33 18.99 1.24 8.27 110.6 355.24 2128.47 2574.58
6 0.00 2957.08 18.99 1.09 9.36 131.56 486.8 -132.65 2441.93
7 4863.65 7820.73 6.33 25.32 3.42 12.78 152.05 638.86 4701.85 7143.77
8 1389.63 9210.36 25.32 2.18 14.96 171.67 810.52 1215.78 8359.56
9 1389.63 10599.99 25.32 2.18 17.14 190.11 1000.64 1197.34 9556.89
10 1389.63 11989.62 25.32 2.18 19.32 207.2 1207.83 1180.25 10737.15
11 1389.63 13379.25 25.32 2.18 21.5 222.82 1430.65 1164.63 11901.78
12 1389.63 14768.88 25.32 2.18 23.68 236.92 1667.57 1150.53 13052.31
13 1389.63 16158.51 25.32 2.18 25.86 249.51 1917.08 1137.94 14190.25
14 1389.63 17548.14 25.32 2.18 28.04 260.63 2177.71 1126.82 15317.07
15 1389.63 18937.77 25.32 2.18 30.22 270.34 2448.04 1117.11 16434.19
16 1389.63 20327.40 25.32 2.18 32.4 278.71 2726.75 1108.74 17542.93
17 1389.63 21717.03 25.32 2.18 34.58 285.83 3012.58 1101.62 18644.55
18 1389.63 23106.66 25.32 2.18 36.76 291.79 3304.38 1095.66 19740.2
19 1389.63 24496.29 25.32 2.18 38.94 296.69 3601.07 1090.76 20830.96
20 1389.63 25885.92 25.32 2.18 41.12 300.62 3901.69 1086.83 21917.79
Amou
nt 25885.92 25.32 41.12 3901.69 21917.79
Results of net carbon sink accounting
tojC ,Pr∆ tEGHG , tLK tBSLC ,∆ tojC ,Pr

50.  Lin’an County, Zhejiang province, China became the first
forest carbon sequestration pilot area in China, in 2010.
 Anji County, Zhejiang province, China became the first
bamboo carbon sequestration pilot area in 2012.
3.7 Pilot projects
In China
Bamboo carbon sequestration pilot
area—Anji county
Forest carbon sequestration pilot area-
Lin’an （ 10/28/2010, reported by
CCTV ）

51.  Guide farmers to join in bamboo carbon action
 The farmers managed the bamboo forest in southern Chinese forest
region: small-scale, numerous
 In 2013, 42 farmers were selected in the experimental project. Total
area:256.5hm2
; 22,000 t CO2-e emission reduction by carbon sink
forest in 20 years
 In 2014.10, farmers obtained additional benefit by trading carbon
credit at a price of 30 RMB/T.
News release for carbon credit traded of farmers
In China

52.  Bamboo Afforestation Methodology for Verified Carbon
Reduction ” was applied in Kenya and Ethiopia in July 2012
3.7 Pilot projects
Globally
Pilot work of bamboo carbon sequestration in Africa

53.  An appraisal project mission from INBAR, ZAFU and CGCF
visited Kenya in June 2012. A MOU between ZAFU and
Egerton University was developed for developing bamboo
afforestation project for carbon credits
3.7 Pilot projects
Globally

54. Selected publications
 Total papers: 118
 SCI papers : 56 (Forest Ecology and
Management 、 IEEE T Geosci
Remote 、 Journal of Soils and
Sediments 、 Plant Ecology )
 Chinese papers: 62

55. 1. Peikun Jiang ， Qiufang Xu ， ZhiHong Xu ， et al. Seasonal changes in soil labile organic carbon pools within
a Phyllostachys praecox stand under high rate fertilization and winter mulch in subtropical China [J]. Forest
Ecology and Management ， 2006 ， 236 ： 30-36. (IF=1.995)
2. Juan Liu ， Peikun Jiang ， Hailong Wang ， et al. Seasonal soil CO2 efflux dynamics after land use change
from a natural forest to Moso bamboo plantations in subtropical China [J]. Forest Ecology and Management ，
2011 ， 262 ： 1131-1137. (IF=1.995)
3. Huaqiang Du ， Weiliang Fan ， Guomo Zhou ， et al. Retrieval of the canopy closure and leaf area index of
Moso bamboo forest using spectral mixture analysis based on the real scenario simulation [J]. IEEE
Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing ， 2011 ， 49 （ 11 ）： 4328-4340. (IF=2.47)
4. Peikun Jiang ， Hailong Wang ， Jiasen Wu ， et al. Winter mulch increases soil CO2 efflux under
Phyllostachys praecox stands [J]. Journal of Soils and Sediments ， 2009 ， 9 ： 511-514. (IF=2.573)
5. Yongfu Li ， Peikun Jiang ， Scott X Chang ， et al. Organic mulch and fertilization affect soil carbon pools and
forms under intensively managed bamboo (Phyllostachys praecox) forests in southeast China [J]. Journal of
Soils and Sediments ， 2010 ， 10 ： 739-747. (IF=2.573)
6. Guomo Zhou ， Cifu Meng ， Peikun Jiang ， et al. Review of Carbon Fixation in Bamboo Forests in China [J].
The Botanical Review ， 2011 ， 77 （ 3 ）： 262-270.(IF=2.66)
7. Guomo Zhou ， JianMing Xu ， Pei-Kun Jiang. Effect of management practices on seasonal dynamics of
organic carbon in soils under bamboo plantations [J]. Pedosphere ， 2006 ， 16 （ 14 ）： 525-531.
(IF=0.978)
8. Guomo Zhou ， Peikun Jiang ， LuFeng Mo. Bamboo: a possible approach to the control of global warming [J].
International Journal of Nonlinear Sciences & Numerical Simulation ， 2009 ， 10 （ 5 ）： 547-550.
9. Guomo Zhou ， Shunyao Zhuang ， Pekun Jiang ， et al. Soil organic carbon accumulation in intensively
managed Phyllostachys praecox stands [J]. The Botanical Review ， 2011 ， 77 （ 3 ）： 296-303. (IF=2.66)
10. Guomo Zhou ， Xiaojun Xu ， Huaqiang Du ， et al. Estimating Moso bamboo forest attributes using the k
Nearest Neighbors technique and satellite imagery [J]. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote
Sensing ， 2011 ， 77 （ 11 ）： 1123-1131. (IF=0.926)
11. Guosheng Wen ， Liyang Zhang ， Ruming Zhang ， et al. Temporal and spatial dynamics of carbon fixation
by Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) in subtropical China [J]. The Botanical
Review ， 2011 ， 77 （ 3 ）： 271-277. (IF=2.66)
12. Hua Qin ， Qiufang Xu ， Zhihong Cao ， et al. Population size and nitrification activity of soil ammonia-
oxidizing bacteria in long-term intensive managed Phyllostachys praecox stands [J]. The Botanical
Review ， 2011 ， 77 （ 3 ）： 313-319. (IF=2.66)13

56. 13. Huaqiang Du ， Guomo Zhou ， Hongli Ge ， et al. Satellite-based carbon stock estimation for bamboo forest
with a nonlinear partial least square regression technique [J]. International Journal of Remote Sensing ， 2011
(online). (IF=1.182)
14. Huaqiang Du ， Guomo Zhou ， Wenyi Fan ， et al. Spatial heterogeneity and carbon contribution of
aboveground biomass of Moso bamboo by using geostatistical theory [J]. Plant Ecology ， 2010 ， 207 ：
131-139. (IF=1.88)
15. Jiasen Wu ， Peikun Jiang ， Scott X. Chang ， et al. Dissolved soil organic carbon and nitrogen were affected
by conversion of native forests to plantations in subtropical China [J]. Canadian Journal of Soil
Science ， 2010 ， 90 ： 27-36. (IF=1.12)
16. Jiasen Wu ， Qiufang Xu ， Peikun Jiang ， et al. Dynamics and distribution of nutrition elements in bamboos
[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition ， 2009 ， 32 ： 489-501. (IF=0.726)
17. Juan Liu ， Peikun Jiang ， Yongfu Li ， et al. 2011. Responses of N2O flux from forest soils to land use change
in subtropical China [J]. The Botanical Review ， 77 （ 3 ）： 320-325. (IF=2.66)
18. Peikun Jiang, Qiufang Xu. Effect of mulching on soil chemical properties and enzyme activities in bamboo
plantation of phyllostachy praecox [J]. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis ， 2002 ， 33(15-
18): 3135-3145.(IF=0.43)
19. Peikun Jiang, Cifu Meng, Guomo Zhou ， et al. Comparative study of carbon storage in different forest stands
in subtropical China [J]. The Botanical Review ， 2011 ， 77 ： 242-251. (IF=2.66)
20. Peikun Jiang ， Qiufang Xu. Abundance and dynamics of soil labile carbon pools under different types of forest
vegetation [J]. Pedosphere ， 2006 ， 16 ： 505-511. (IF=0.978)
21. Qiufang Xu ， JianMing Xu. Changes in soil carbon pools induced by substitution of plantation for native forest
[J]. Pedosphere ， 2003 ， 13 （ 3 ）： 271-278. (IF=0.978)
22. Qiufang Xu ， Peikun Jiang ， Zhihong Xu. Soil microbial functional diversity under intensively managed
bamboo plantations in southern China [J]. Journal of Soils and Sediments ， 2008 ， 8 ： 177-183. (IF=2.573)
23. Qiufang Xu ， Peikun Jiang. Functional diversity and size of soil microbial community induced by different
land management system [J]. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis ， 2006 ， 37 ： 2701-2712.
(IF=0.43)
24. Qiufang Xu ， Peikun Jiang. Microbial Development in soils under intensively managed bamboo
(Phyllostachys praecox) stands [J]. Pedosphere ， 2005 ， 15 （ 1 ）： 33-40. (IF=0.978)

57. Selected publications
Three books related to bamboo carbon sequestration
were published

58. 4 Next step for research

59. 1) Research on climate change adaption for
bamboo forest
 Study for spatial variation of bamboo distribution
influenced by climate change
 With the temperature rising ， the distribution of
bamboo will be toward the northern part of earth
 Study for carbon dynamics of bamboo ecosystem caused
by climate change
Ice-storm(happen in 2008.1) Drought(happen in 2013.7)

60. 2 ) Research for carbon sequestration
promotion of bamboo ecosystem under
management Spatial structure controlling and optimizing techniques
for bamboo forest
 Carbon pool variation caused by the usage of biochar
3 ) Research on integrated measuring and
monitoring method for carbon sequestration
and emission in bamboo forest
 Study for carbon dynamic and cycling, combined with
carbon-water flux tower and wireless sensor network
 Study for large-scale carbon storage using multi-
resource remote sensing images

61. 4) Development of new
methodologies
 Methodology for sustainable managed bamboo for
Verified Carbon Reduction
 Methodology for Harvested Bamboo Wood Products
(HBWP) for carbon finance

62. E-MAIL
zhougm@zafu.edu.cn
WEBSITE
www.zafu.edu.cn
Tel/Fax
0086 571 63740003
GUOMO ZHOU
Zhejiang A & F University
ADDRESS
Lin’ an, Hangzhou, China
POST CODE
311300
CONTACT USCONTACT US

63. THANKTHANK YOUYOU