WATER POLLUTION AND ITS SOURCES

1. DEPARTMENT: BS CHEMISTRY
GOVT GRADUATE COLLEGE TAUNSA

2. SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION
Point sources:
 Singl & identifiable source of pollution
 Pipe or a drain
Non point sources:
 Industrial & sewage treatment plants
 Cause of rainfall or snow melt
 Natural & human made pollutants
 Lakes,rivers, wetlands, coastal & ground waters
 Transportation of vehicles
 Agricultural & urban runoff
 Cary excess nutrients, pesticides,& Siltation occur

3. MAJOR SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION
1) Industrial waste :
 Huge amount of toxic chemicals
 Drainage of wastes into rivers, canals & later into sea
 Organic substances( oils, grease,dyes, suspended solids)
 Eutrophication
2) Sewage & domestic waste:
 Cloudy dilute aqueous solution
 Mineral & organic matter
 75% of water pollution
 Cause of sewage, domestic waste & sewage sludge
 Muncipal waste
 Harmful bacteria, suspended solids, chemical & trace quantities of
toxic metals
 Health problems
 Pathogens ( water pollutant)

4. MAJOR SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION
3) Mining activities:
 Crushing rock & extraction of coal
 Extracted raw form contain harmful chemicals
 Increase the toxic concentration of water
 Health problems
 Several metal waste & sulphides
4) Marine dumping:
 Household garbage
 Decomposition period from 2 weeks to 200 years
5) Accidental oil leakage:
 Oil spillage forms layer over the sea surface
 Harmful for Marine & aquatic life especially fishes

5. MAJOR SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION
6) Burning of fossil fuels:
 Coal & oil produce substantial amount of ash in atmosphere
 Toxic chemicals with water Vapors cause of acid rain
 Carbon dioxide emission , results in global warming
7) Chemical fertilizers & pesticides:
 Farmers use this fertilizers for the protection of crops
 From insects and bacteria
 Useful in plants growth
 Chemicals when mixed up with rain water , becomes harmful for aquatic organisms
8) Leakage from sewer lines:
 Contaminate underground water
 Unfit for drinking purpos
 Become a breeding ground for insects & mosquitoes

6. MAJOR SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION
9) Global warming:
 Increase in Earth’s temperature
 Greenhouse effect
 Increase in water temperature
 Result in death of aquatic animals & marine species
 Cause of water pollution
10) Radioactive waste:
 Nuclear energy
 Nuclear fission or fusion
 Uranium is highly toxic Chemical in production of Nuclear
energy
 Extremely toxic radioactive Pu,Np, Am, Cm, Bk,Cs ,Zr,Ru
etc
 Few major accidents have already taken place in Russia &
Japan

7. MAJOR
SOURCES
OF WATER
POLLUTIO
N
11) Urban development:
 Increase in population
 Result in increased use of fertilizers
 Soil erosion due to deforestation
 Increase in construction activities
 Inadequate sewer collection & treatment
 Lanfills due to more production of garbage
 Increase in chemicals
12) Leakage from landfills:
 Huge pile of garbage with awful smell
 Due to raining , landfills become leak
 Pollut the underground water
 Large variety of contaminants

8. MAJOR SOURCES OF WATER
13) Animal waste:
 Washed away into rivers
 When it rains, it mixed up with harmful chemicals
 Causes water borne diseases
 Cholera, diarrhea, jaundice, dysentery, & typhoid
14) Underground water leakage
 Transportation of coal and petrol
 Underground pipes
 Accidental leakage occurr anytime
 Damage to Environment & results in soil erosion
15) Agricultural discharge:
 Plant nutrients, pesticides, insecticides, herbicides,
fertilizers, Farm wastes , plants & animal debris, soil erosion
 Mostly inorganic materials
 Heavy pollution to water Sources

9. MAJOR SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION
16) Detergents:
 Used as cleaning agents
 Household detergents
 Contain several pollutans
 Surface active agents
 Contribute to
 Phosphates, sodium,amides
17) Siltation:
 Most widespread & damaging pollutants
 Hill streams
 Soil particles creat high turbidites in water
 Hinder free movement of aquatic organisms