dedicated to all students

2. Lesson Outcome
Identify the
component of
organelles in
ananimal cell
and plant cell
Define the
term of
organelles
State the
functions of
the cellular
components in
ananimal cell
State the
functions of
the cellular
components
in a plant cell

3. All living things
are made up of
cells
Cells are the
smallest
working unit
All cells came from
preexisting cells
through cell division
CELL THEORY3

4. A cell is the smallest unit
that is capable of
performing life functions

6. Components of a cell
Cellular component of a cell as seen via electron microscope are
• Plasma membrane and cell wall
• Cytoplasm
• Organelles
Cell surrounded by plasma membrane contain cytoplasm  jelly like substance
Plant cell  addition of cell wall
Cytoplasm contain many ORGANELLES
6
• Specialised structure which surrounded by its own membrane and perform specific function

7. Organelles in
animal
Rough
endoplasmic
reticulum
Vacuoles
Smooth
enoplasmic
reticulum
Lysosomes
Mitochondria Centrioles
Golgi apparatus
7
Nucleus
Ribosome

8. Organelles in
plants
Rough
endoplasmic
reticulum
Vacuoles
Smooth
enoplasmic
reticulum
Lysosomes
Mitochondria
Golgi apparatus
8
Nucleus
Ribosome
Chloroplast

9. 9
ORGANELLES
NON-
ORGANELLES
NUCLEUS
CHLOROPLAST
CENTRIOLES
VACUOLES
GOLGI
APPARATUS
RIBOSOME
PLASMA
MEMBRANE
CELL
WALL
CYTOPLASM
ER
LYSOSOME
MITOCHONDRIA
Structure of cellular component

10. NUCLEUS
STRUCTURE
Spherical with double membrane
contain nucleolus,chromosome and
nuclear membrane
FUNCTION
• Control and regulate all activities on
cell
• Contain hereditary
factor(gene)responsible for trait

11. STRUCTURE
• Small particle consist of RNA
• Exist freely in cytoplasm or on the surface of rough ER
(ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM)
FUNCTION
• Synthesis of protein

12. Rough and smooth ER
STRUCTURE
• System of membrane enclosed tubules closely
packed together and continuous with nuclear
membrane
• Rough ER has ribosome while smooth ER did not
have
FUNCTION
• Transport system for protein and lipid within the
cell
• Rough ER transport protein synthesis by
ribosome to other part of the cell
• Smooth ER stimulate the synthesis of lipid and
cholesterol and transport within cell

13. STRUCTURE
• Rod-shape with a double membrane
• Outer membrane is smooth and regular while
inner membrane is folded to form cristae
FUNCTION
• Known as the ‘power-house’ of the cell
• Releases energy as it the site for aerobic
respiration
Mitochondria

14. STRUCTURE
• Vacuolar region surrounded
by a complex meshwork of
vesicles budding off at its
end
FUNCTION
• Receive protein and lipid
from ER and modify them
to form
secretionenzyme/hormo
ne
• Pack the secretion formed
into vesicle and transport
to plasma membrane
• Control secretory activity
• Form lysosome
Golgi Apparatus

15. STRUCTURE
• Membrane bound vesicle found in animal
FUNCTION
• Contain enzyme which control breakdown of protein
and lipid
• Contain enzyme that digest aged or defective cell
component
Lysosomes

16. STRUCTURE
• Disc-shape organelles with double membrane
• Consist arrangement of grana within stroma
• Each granum contain chlorophyll
FUNCTION
• Carry out photosynthesis
CHLOROPLAST

17. STRUCTURE
• Consist of two cylindrical body structure
arranged at right angles to one another
• Only in animal cell
FUNCTION
• Formation of spindle fiber during cell division
Centrioles

18. STRUCTURE
• Cavities filled with cell sap surrounded by a
semi-permeable membrane called tonoplast
FUNCTION
• Contain water,sugar and dissolve materials
• Maintain turgidity of cell in plant
Vacuole

19. NON ORGANELLE

20. STRUCTURE
Thin,semi-permeable membrane
FUNCTION
Control the movement of substance in and out
of the cell
PLASMA MEMBRANE

21. STRUCTURE
Thick layer outside the plasma membrane
Made up of cellulose and fully permeable
FUNCTION
Maintain the shape of plant cell
Provide support
Cell Wall

22. STRUCTURE
• Jelly-like substance contain water and
mineral salt
• Contain organelles
FUNCTION
• Medium for metabolic reaction
Cytoplasm

25. SIMILARITIES
Both have membrane,cytoplasm,nucleus,mitochondria,Golgi apparatus and ER
Differences
ANIMAL Criteria PLANT
smaller Size Larger
No fixed shape Shape Have fixed shape
No regular pattern Pattern Arrange in regular pattern
No vacuole Vacuole Large central vacuole
Absent Chloroplast Present and contain chlorophyll
No cell wall Cell wall Has cellulose cell wall
Glycogen granules Granules Starch granules

26. • No of specific organelles depend on~~type of cell and its function
• Activecell~~↑mitochondria to provide energy
• Eg:SPERM CELL~need to swim toward ovum
• FLIGHT MUSCLE CELL~to move their wing during flight
• CELL IN MERISTEMS(plantshootandroot)~active cell division to produce new cell
• ↑chloroplast to carry out photosynthesis
• MESOPHYLLCELL
• GUARDCELL
Relationship between the
density of organelles and the
function of cell

27. 2.2 CELL ORGANIZATION

28. Understand
living process
in unicellular
organism
the
reproduction
in unicellular
organism
The
feeding in
unicellular
organism
The
exchange of
materials in
unicellular
organism
STUDENT SHOULD BE ABLE TO28

29. CELL ORGANIZATION
Organisms
Unicellular organism
• Single cell organism
Multicellular organism
• Larger organism with more than one cell
29

30. Unicellular
organism
30
Simple organism consist of one cell each
Each cell or organism is complete unit of
lifeable to carry out all living processes

31. Free living in
fresh water
Enclose in
plasma
membrane
Also
called
protozoa
Constantly change
shape depend on
stimuli
Living processes of
unicellular organism
Amoeba sp

32. Movement of Amoeba
Move by extending temporary
pseusopodia or ‘falsefoot’ that
anchor the ground
The rest of cytoplasm flow slowly
into this extension,hence move
the organism along

33. Reproduction of Amoeba sp
Once grown to certain
size,the nucleus divided to
form 2 daughter cell
Cytoplasm divided and 2
daughter cell formbinary
fission by asexually
When environment not
conducive,divided by spore
formation

35. Feeding of Amoeba sp
Engulf food via phagocytosis
Holozoic organism feed on microb
It move around food particle, and take it into cytoplasmfood
vacuole
Hydrolytic enzyme(lysozyme) are added and nutrient absorb into
cytoplasm

37. Material exchange of Amoeba sp
When fill
to max,it
contract to
expel its
content
Exchange of
gases,nutrient and
waste occur via
plasma
membranediffusion
Water diffuse into
cellosmosis and
fill contractile
vacuole

39. Larger organismNeed many different
type of cell to carry out life process
Achieve via cell specialization
and cell organisation
Organism-more than
one cell
MULTICELLULAR ORGANISM39
1. Each type of cell has different size,shape
and structure
2. Each cell not capable to perform all life
process CELL SPECIALISATION to
perform different function achieve via
DIFFERENTIATION cell begin CHANGE
shape and structure during grow
3. Each type of cell perform only one specific
function DIVISIONOFLABOUR

40. Cell organisation in multicellular organism

43. Animal Organs

45. Regulating the internal environment
State the meaning of internal
environment,external environment and
interstitial fluid
Idenntify factors affecting the internal
environment
Explain the necessity to maintain optimal
internal environment
Describe the involvement of various sytems
At the end of
the
lesson,student
should be able
to

46. TERMS
EXTERNAL
ENVIRONMENT
INTERNAL
ENVIRONMENT
INTERSTITIAL FLUID
Condition outside
organismsurrounding
Condition inside organism,cell
of body live within~(own
metabolism)
space between the cell&constant
bath the cellexchange substance
with blood plasma
Basic terms you should understand………….

47. Maintaining optimal internal environment
• External environment influence+internal environment+extracellular
fluid
• Need to maintain for cell to function optimallykeep internal
environment constang
FACTORS
Physical factor
• Blood
• Osmotic
pressure
• temperature
Chemical factor
• Salt
• pH value
• Sugar content

48. HOMEOSTASIS
Process regulate factors in internal environment so that it always
constant
If any factor deviate from constant value,it trigger homeostasis
mechanism to bring it back to normal- NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
MECHANISM
IMPORTANT OF HOMEOSTASIS:-
a)Change in pH or Temperature, effect enzyme activity
b)Change in osmotic

49. Involvement of various system in maintain optimal internal environment
Various system interact to regulate and maintain internal environment
Eg:(body Temp) by integumentary systems,nervous systems,muscular systems and endocrine systems.