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International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)
Volume: 3 | Issue: 4 | May-Jun 2019 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 - 6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID - IJTSRD23601 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 4 | May-Jun 2019 Page: 98
Television Advertising Strategy and Customer
Loyalty in Insurance Sector in Rwanda
Dr. Mudaheranwa Benjamin1, Mutambuka Deo2, Habimana Theogene2, Habinshuti Patrice2
1Christian University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda, East Africa
2Regent University’s Business Development Center, BDC Rwanda, East Africa
How to cite this paper: Dr.
Mudaheranwa Benjamin | Mutambuka
Deo | Habimana Theogene | Habinshuti
Patrice "Television AdvertisingStrategy
and Customer Loyalty in Insurance
Sector in Rwanda" Published in
International Journal of Trend in
Scientific Research and Development
(ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-
6470, Volume-3 |
Issue-4, June 2019,
pp.98-102, URL:
https://www.ijtsrd.c
om/papers/ijtsrd23
601.pdf
Copyright © 2019 by author(s) and
International Journal of Trend in
Scientific Research and Development
Journal. This is an Open Access article
distributed under
the terms of the
Creative Commons
Attribution License (CC BY 4.0)
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/
by/4.0)
ABSTRACT
Customers are loyal because they believe that they receive superior productsor
commendable servicesandfavorabletreatmentfromtheir serviceproviders,and
also because they believe they don’t have a better alternative. However, these
customers may not be aware of the influence or impact that their service
provider’s advertisements reallyhaveon keepingthemhooked orbowedtotheir
brand and customer loyalty. The general objective of the study was to analyze
the contribution of television advertising to customer loyaltyininsurancesector
in Rwanda. Specific objectives were to ascertain the determinantsthatinfluence
customer loyalty in insurance sector in Rwanda, to assess the strategies related
to advertisement undertaken byinsurance companiesoncustomer loyalty andto
establish relationship between television advertisementand customerloyaltyin
insurance sector in Rwanda. The study design was descriptive-analyticaldesign,
the population of this research was from insurance companies’ customers and
employees and the sample size of the study was 98 people. The researcher used
Statistical Packaging for Social Sciences (SPSS) as the statistical tool. The data
was presented according to the research questions and research objectives.
Tables were used to present data. Data from completed questionnaires were
edited, categorized and entered into SPSS and summarized usingthepercentage
of respondents for analysis. Inferential statistics(Pearson correlation coefficient
was used to analyze data). This researchused SPSSprogrammandfoundthatthe
coefficient r equal to 0.969. According to Pearson, the correlation of 0.969
(96.9%) is categorized as positivecorrelationandthisleads toconfirm thatthere
is significant relationship between television advertisement and customer
loyalty. This study recommended that, to enable meaningful participation,
management should focus on advertisement, customer loyalty, and corporate
strategy with carefully selected representatives for the skilled employees.
Successful Brand loyalty in Rwandan insurance companies requires a strong
skilled local leadershipthrough aprocessof leadershipdevelopment,community
mobilization, capacity building, education, and conscious.
KEYWORDS: Television, advertising, customer, loyalty, insurance sector
1. INTRODUCTION
Advertising has been in existence for a very long time and
can be traced back to the very beginnings of recorded
history. Archaeologists working in the countries around the
Mediterranean Sea dug up signs announcing various events
and offers. The Romans painted walls to announce gladiator
fights. During the Golden Age in Greece, town criers
announced the sale of cattle, crafted items and even
Cosmetics (Aydin & Ozer, 2005). Today, advertising is wide-
spread all over the world in different countries. But
advertising trends vary from country to country. Cut throat
competition and emergence of new marketing challenges
only indicates the significant role of advertising, which is
expected to play in the survival and growth of businessunits
and insurance sector. The first television advertisement was
broadcast in the United States at 14:29pm on July 1, 1941,
when the Bolivia Watch Company paid $9 to New York city
NBC affiliate WNBT (nowWNBC)fora20 secondspotshown
before a baseball game between the Brooklyn Dodgers and
Philadelphia Phillies (Udochi, 2013).
Latif (2011) also identified that advertisers need to
understand what exactly would make Prospective or
potential customers behave in the way that they would like.
They also found that advertising may has the potential to
contribute to brand choice among consumers. It is always
costly to attract new customers, so the managers always try
to find ways to retain their current customers and
concentrate on different factors which enhances the
customer loyalty among the customers of the organizations
(Bilal, 2005), The $175 billion U.S.autoinsuranceindustryin
United State of America (USA) could be spending its
marketing dollars in more effective ways: targeting
consumers based on needs rather than behavior; findingthe
optimal balance between retention and acquisition; and
reaching shoppers with the right message at the right
IJTSRD23601
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID - IJTSRD23601 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 4 | May-Jun 2019 Page: 99
moment in their decision journey (McKinsey, 2012).
According to Lin and Wang, (2006) two more factors which
were mentioned in the loyalty model and could be
considered in insurance sector are trust and commitment.
After the First World War, the Indian agenciesfailedbecause
of the acute competition, mostly from the British and the
American agencies. The Indianagencieshad atough time but
could learn the importance of agency business as a rich
source of employment and earnings. It made them to try the
outdoor advertising media as many of the newspaper media
were under the control of foreign agencies, during that
period of scientific development serious attentionwasgiven
by many agencies and organizations to various methods for
testing the sales effectiveness of advertising strategy, media
and copy, this was a new philosophy in the sense that it had
meant subjecting the work of the creativeman, theartist,the
person who depended upon his owninsightsand intuition to
some kind of performanceyardsticks.Asmuch assomethree
thousand years ago Papyrus sheets were used in Thebes in
Egypt for announcing the reward for return of runaway
slaves .The first advertisement was somewhat in the form of
stenciled inscriptions. Which were found on earthen bricks
prepared by the Babylonians about three thousand years
before Christ (Adepoju & Suraju, 2012).
Organizations have to communicate with their existing and
potential customers about what they do. This, indeed, is a
herculean task in Nigeria’s insurance market environment
due to its characteristic naturewhichisfurtherencapsulated
by the vagaries of Nigeria’s economic, demographic, social,
political, legal, religious, cultural and environmental forces.
Marketing communication is very importantand atthesame
time challenging in the insurance sub-sector. This isbecause
the intangible natures of insurance servicesplayadecisively
challenging role in convincing customers as to value of
insurance product. The marketing communication mix
elements have become important players in the life of so
many businesses (Idris, et al., 2012). Insurance is easily
accessible for those in the developed world, but not for the
poor due to exorbitant transaction costs which do not
decrease in proportion to the value of the insurance policy.
Insurance companies cannot simply write policies with
values below a certain floor without pricing them
unrealistically. A study by Access conducted in 2009
revealed that the rate of insurance penetration is less than
3% of GDP, with only 7% of the Kenyan population having
any form of insurance (Karani, 2009).
According to Gordon (2008) relationship marketing and
advertisement are not a wholly independent philosophybut
draws on traditional marketing principles. This view
suggests that the basic focus upon customer needs still
applies, but that it is the way marketing is practiced that is
changing, with a greater emphasis on customer value,
establishing and maintain a relationship over a long period
of time (Christopher & Payne, 2005). If RM is indeed a
descendant of traditional marketing then a good starting
point in developing a definition of relationship marketing
would be to look at how marketing has traditionally been
perceived.
Insurance industry performance has improved since the
adoption of new legislation in 2009. Further refinement of
the regulatory regime was introduced to foster its
development, including completion of the separation of life
and non-life businesses, and revisions to capital, solvency
and investment rules. Rwanda-specific mortality was
developed to foster development of life insurance and
annuity products.
In 2007, the Government of Rwanda developed a
comprehensive and detailed insurance sector assessment
plan based on the 2005 insurance sector assessment
program (Ministry of Finannce and Economic Planning
[MINICOFIN], 2013). The plan for the insurance sector
reform focused on five areas; building financial structure
infrastructure for instance legal framework, increasing
access to finance mainly in rural sectors, strengthening the
pension and insurance industryanddevelopingthepayment
system.
2. PROBLEM STATEMENT
Customers are loyal because they believe that they receive
superior products or commendable services and favorable
treatment from their service providers, and also because
they believe they don’t have a better alternative. However,
these customers may not be aware of theinfluenceorimpact
that their service provider’s advertisements really have on
keeping them hooked or bowed to their brand andcustomer
loyalty (Mcllroy& Barnett , 2000). Therefore, on one hand
advertising has lots of components and its resulting effects;
on the other hand there are many factors which influence a
customer’s loyalty.TheRwandaFinancialSector Strategy isa
long-term development strategy that governs the entire
financial sector of Rwanda. It is obvious thatthestrategy will
definitely help in the achievement of the financial sector
objectives as set out in Vision 2020, Economic Development
and Poverty Reduction Strategy (EDPRS II,) Seven years
Government Program,and Strategyfor Rwandabecomingan
international service centre (Ministry of Finannce and
Economic planning [MINICOFIN], 2013). A recent review of
Rwanda’s insurance sector highlighted that although the
sector has made remarkable achievement, it stillfacesmajor
challenges that need addressing to enable the financial
sector to contribute meaningfullytotheoverallperformance
of the country’s economy. The key challenges identified
include; Rwanda’s low savings rates as a result of low
savings culture, limited access to insurance products and
services, and low incomes that translates into low savings.
Therefore, this research found out the contribution of
television advertising to customer loyalty in insurance
sector.
3. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The general objective of the study was to analyze if thereisa
contribution of television advertising to customer loyalty in
the insurance sector in Rwanda Specific Objectives are:
I. To ascertain the determinants that influence customer
loyalty in insurance sector in Rwanda;
II. To assess the strategies related to advertisement
undertaken by insurance sector on customer loyalty;
III. To establish relationship between television
advertisement and customer loyalty in insurancesector
in Rwanda
4. RESEARCH QUESTIONS
I. What are the determinants that influence customer
loyalty in insurance sector in Rwanda?
II. What are the strategies related to advertisement
undertaken by insurance companies on customer
loyalty?
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID - IJTSRD23601 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 4 | May-Jun 2019 Page: 100
III. To what extent does television advertising is relate to
customer loyalty in insurance sector in Rwanda?
5. RELATED STUDIES
Nha , André, and Gaston (2013) analyzed the mediating role
of customer trust on customer loyalty in Canada. Mao,
Customer Brand Loyalty (2010) assessed customer brand
loyalty in China. Sri, Christina, and Tetty (2013) analyzed
factors influencing customer loyaltytoward onlineshopping
in Indonesia. Mohammad, Seyyed , and Nima, (2013)
analyzed Factors and elements influencing brand loyalty in
Iran. Mukhiddin, Dileep and Jalal, (2012) analysed impact of
relationship marketing on customer loyalty in the banking
sector. Faizan (2011) analyzed the impact of customer
satisfaction on customer loyalty and intentions to switch:
evidence from banking sector of Pakistan.Ekrem,Hasanand
Bünyamin (2007) analyzed effects of image and advertising
efficiency on customer loyalty and antecedents of loyalty in
Turkish. Ogechukwu (2012) analyzed if relationship
marketing an acceptable marketing strategy to be used by
anigerian commercial banks. Adepoju and Suraju (2012)
analyzed the determinants of customer loyalty in Nigeria’s
GSM market. Yusuf ( 2014) analyzed determinants of
customer loyalty among subscribers of global system for
mobile (gsm) communication in north-western Nigeria. Kofi
and Mark (2014) analyzed the influenceof advertisement on
customer loyalty in the telecommunications industry in
Ghana. Arvinlucy, Moses, Isaac and Willis (2012) focused on
implications of service quality on customer loyalty in the
banking sector. Allan and Gordon (2014) analyzed factors
influencing customer loyalty in telecommunicationindustry
in Kenya.
Even though, other studies found that customers are loyal
because they believe that they receive superior products or
commendable services and favorable treatment from their
service providers, and also because they believe they don’t
have a better alternative. Mcllroy and Barnett (2000) said
that these customers may not be aware of the influence or
impact that their service provider’s advertisements really
have on keeping them hooked or bowed to their brand and
customer loyalty.Therefore, ononehandadvertisinghas lots
of components and its resulting effects; on the other hand
there are should be many other factors which influence a
customer’s loyalty. The above studies focused on banking
sectors and telecommunication industry, thereasonwhythis
study need to assess television advertising and customer
loyalty in insurance sector in Rwanda using both descriptive
and inferential statistics.
6. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The study design was descriptive-analytical design, this
design mainly focused on both qualitative and quantitative
approaches to a certain extent. Qualitative method was
concerned with qualitative phenomena that relates to
quality and kind, which include views, opinions, feelings,
perceptions, and intentions of different respondents.
Quantitative method was based on the measurement of
quantity or amount, applicable to the phenomena that was
expressed in terms of quantity, it allowed the researcher to
focus on variables that was expressedmathematicallywhich
enabled researcher to analyze and get exact information
required with minimum errors.
The population of this research was5340respondsincluding
5215 insurance companies’ customers and 125 employees.
The level of precision or sampling error was 10 % and 90 %
confidence level, total population will be N = 5340, the
sample size was calculated using the Yamane formula
, and then, n= 98 .The sample
size of the study was 98 people. The researcher usedSPSS as
the statistical tool, this involved presenting findings in a
logical and sequential way so that conclusions was drawn
from them. The data was presented according to the
research questions and research objectives. Tables were
used to present data. Data from completed questionnaires
were edited, categorized and entered into SPSS and
summarized using the percentage of respondents for
analysis. The data processed was analyzed according to the
research objectives one by one with the consideration of the
variable. The first and second research objectives were
analyzed using descriptive statistics, whereas the third was
analyzed used inferential statistics (Pearson correlation
coefficient). The researcher did a pilot research, whereby,
she used five employees from insurance companies and
found that Croanbach Alpha was 0.90 >0.7, this confirmed
that, the questionnaires were reliable.
7. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION
According to the first research question, this study found
that the determinants that influence customer loyalty in
insurance sector in Rwanda are corporate social
responsibility, corporate image, pressure oftheformof legal
regulation, legal protection of shareholders, board
leadership structure, managerial risk, significant price,
product differentiation, competition, sales promotion tool,
consumer preferences, consumer buying behavior, product
protection and add value of product. The study also
concluded that, customer loyalty plays a more and more
important role in the modern global marketing. In order to
maximize profit, people try different strategies, among
which, loyalty is recognized by a large amount of
businessmen. On the other hand, some may assert that it is a
challenge to achieve it.
According to the second research question, this research
concluded that improvement of accountability is among of
roles played by corporate image in insurance companies.
Therefore, accountability is one of the cornerstones of
corporate image; however, it can bedifficultforpractitioners
alike to navigate the myriad of different types of
accountability. Accountability ensures actions and decisions
taken by public officials are subject to oversight so as to
guarantee that companies initiatives meet their stated
objectives and respond to the needs of the community they
are meant to be benefiting, thereby contributing to better
governance. Well-functioning legal institutions and
governments bound by the rule of law in insurance were, in
turn, vital to corporate image. Laws are not enforced,
practitioners in the development field have increasingly
turned their attention to reforms to improve legal and
judicial institutions and promote the rule of law and
corporate image.
According to the third research question, this research
concluded that the strategies related to advertisement
undertaken by insurance on customer loyalty are corporate
reputation strategy,customer retention strategy,employees’
retention strategy, product competitiveness at the market
strategy, product innovation strategy, enhance product
marketing strategy, company meet the market demand
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID - IJTSRD23601 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 4 | May-Jun 2019 Page: 101
strategy and products development strategy. Corporate
strategies improve governance. Therefore, through present
research the researcher analyzed the statements regarding
the corporate strategy in customer loyalty and concluded
that corporate strategies represent alltheapproved policies
and procedures used by the insurance managementinorder
to achieve an effective management of customer. In relation
to the relationship between television advertisement and
customer loyalty using Pearsoncorrelationcoefficienty. This
research used SPSS programm and found thatthecoefficient
r equal to 0.969. According to Pearson, the correlation of
0.969 (96.9%) is categorized as positive correlationandthis
leads to confirm that there is significant relationship
between television advertisement and customer loyalty. In
relation to the third research question, this study concluded
that there was significant positive relationship between
television advertisement and customer loyalty in insurance
companies. Therefore, to build customer loyalty and sustain
it, relationship television advertisement can play a key role
to influence positively customers’ perceptions of the
organization and to enhance customer trust. Loyalty is not
determined exclusively by the intrinsic characteristics of
service offer. It can also depend on external traditional
activities, such as advertising and public relations, well
known to those in charge of marketing. So, the choice of
elements for positioningand communicationstrategiesmust
reflect the reality and ability of the organization to keep the
promises of quality and benefit made to its customers in
order to bridge the gap between action and rhetoric.
8. RECOMMENDATIONS
The study findings yielded the following recommendations
in view of the contribution of televisionadvertisementtothe
customer loyalty in insurance companies. To enable
meaningful participation, management of insurance
companies should focus on advertisement,customer loyalty,
and corporate strategy with carefully selected
representatives for the skilled employees. Successful Brand
loyalty in Rwandan insurance companies requires a strong
skilled local leadership through a process of leadership
development, community mobilization, capacity building,
education, and conscious.
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Television Advertising Strategy and Customer Loyalty in Insurance Sector in Rwanda

  • 1. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) Volume: 3 | Issue: 4 | May-Jun 2019 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 - 6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID - IJTSRD23601 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 4 | May-Jun 2019 Page: 98 Television Advertising Strategy and Customer Loyalty in Insurance Sector in Rwanda Dr. Mudaheranwa Benjamin1, Mutambuka Deo2, Habimana Theogene2, Habinshuti Patrice2 1Christian University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda, East Africa 2Regent University’s Business Development Center, BDC Rwanda, East Africa How to cite this paper: Dr. Mudaheranwa Benjamin | Mutambuka Deo | Habimana Theogene | Habinshuti Patrice "Television AdvertisingStrategy and Customer Loyalty in Insurance Sector in Rwanda" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456- 6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4, June 2019, pp.98-102, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.c om/papers/ijtsrd23 601.pdf Copyright © 2019 by author(s) and International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Journal. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0) ABSTRACT Customers are loyal because they believe that they receive superior productsor commendable servicesandfavorabletreatmentfromtheir serviceproviders,and also because they believe they don’t have a better alternative. However, these customers may not be aware of the influence or impact that their service provider’s advertisements reallyhaveon keepingthemhooked orbowedtotheir brand and customer loyalty. The general objective of the study was to analyze the contribution of television advertising to customer loyaltyininsurancesector in Rwanda. Specific objectives were to ascertain the determinantsthatinfluence customer loyalty in insurance sector in Rwanda, to assess the strategies related to advertisement undertaken byinsurance companiesoncustomer loyalty andto establish relationship between television advertisementand customerloyaltyin insurance sector in Rwanda. The study design was descriptive-analyticaldesign, the population of this research was from insurance companies’ customers and employees and the sample size of the study was 98 people. The researcher used Statistical Packaging for Social Sciences (SPSS) as the statistical tool. The data was presented according to the research questions and research objectives. Tables were used to present data. Data from completed questionnaires were edited, categorized and entered into SPSS and summarized usingthepercentage of respondents for analysis. Inferential statistics(Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze data). This researchused SPSSprogrammandfoundthatthe coefficient r equal to 0.969. According to Pearson, the correlation of 0.969 (96.9%) is categorized as positivecorrelationandthisleads toconfirm thatthere is significant relationship between television advertisement and customer loyalty. This study recommended that, to enable meaningful participation, management should focus on advertisement, customer loyalty, and corporate strategy with carefully selected representatives for the skilled employees. Successful Brand loyalty in Rwandan insurance companies requires a strong skilled local leadershipthrough aprocessof leadershipdevelopment,community mobilization, capacity building, education, and conscious. KEYWORDS: Television, advertising, customer, loyalty, insurance sector 1. INTRODUCTION Advertising has been in existence for a very long time and can be traced back to the very beginnings of recorded history. Archaeologists working in the countries around the Mediterranean Sea dug up signs announcing various events and offers. The Romans painted walls to announce gladiator fights. During the Golden Age in Greece, town criers announced the sale of cattle, crafted items and even Cosmetics (Aydin & Ozer, 2005). Today, advertising is wide- spread all over the world in different countries. But advertising trends vary from country to country. Cut throat competition and emergence of new marketing challenges only indicates the significant role of advertising, which is expected to play in the survival and growth of businessunits and insurance sector. The first television advertisement was broadcast in the United States at 14:29pm on July 1, 1941, when the Bolivia Watch Company paid $9 to New York city NBC affiliate WNBT (nowWNBC)fora20 secondspotshown before a baseball game between the Brooklyn Dodgers and Philadelphia Phillies (Udochi, 2013). Latif (2011) also identified that advertisers need to understand what exactly would make Prospective or potential customers behave in the way that they would like. They also found that advertising may has the potential to contribute to brand choice among consumers. It is always costly to attract new customers, so the managers always try to find ways to retain their current customers and concentrate on different factors which enhances the customer loyalty among the customers of the organizations (Bilal, 2005), The $175 billion U.S.autoinsuranceindustryin United State of America (USA) could be spending its marketing dollars in more effective ways: targeting consumers based on needs rather than behavior; findingthe optimal balance between retention and acquisition; and reaching shoppers with the right message at the right IJTSRD23601
  • 2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID - IJTSRD23601 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 4 | May-Jun 2019 Page: 99 moment in their decision journey (McKinsey, 2012). According to Lin and Wang, (2006) two more factors which were mentioned in the loyalty model and could be considered in insurance sector are trust and commitment. After the First World War, the Indian agenciesfailedbecause of the acute competition, mostly from the British and the American agencies. The Indianagencieshad atough time but could learn the importance of agency business as a rich source of employment and earnings. It made them to try the outdoor advertising media as many of the newspaper media were under the control of foreign agencies, during that period of scientific development serious attentionwasgiven by many agencies and organizations to various methods for testing the sales effectiveness of advertising strategy, media and copy, this was a new philosophy in the sense that it had meant subjecting the work of the creativeman, theartist,the person who depended upon his owninsightsand intuition to some kind of performanceyardsticks.Asmuch assomethree thousand years ago Papyrus sheets were used in Thebes in Egypt for announcing the reward for return of runaway slaves .The first advertisement was somewhat in the form of stenciled inscriptions. Which were found on earthen bricks prepared by the Babylonians about three thousand years before Christ (Adepoju & Suraju, 2012). Organizations have to communicate with their existing and potential customers about what they do. This, indeed, is a herculean task in Nigeria’s insurance market environment due to its characteristic naturewhichisfurtherencapsulated by the vagaries of Nigeria’s economic, demographic, social, political, legal, religious, cultural and environmental forces. Marketing communication is very importantand atthesame time challenging in the insurance sub-sector. This isbecause the intangible natures of insurance servicesplayadecisively challenging role in convincing customers as to value of insurance product. The marketing communication mix elements have become important players in the life of so many businesses (Idris, et al., 2012). Insurance is easily accessible for those in the developed world, but not for the poor due to exorbitant transaction costs which do not decrease in proportion to the value of the insurance policy. Insurance companies cannot simply write policies with values below a certain floor without pricing them unrealistically. A study by Access conducted in 2009 revealed that the rate of insurance penetration is less than 3% of GDP, with only 7% of the Kenyan population having any form of insurance (Karani, 2009). According to Gordon (2008) relationship marketing and advertisement are not a wholly independent philosophybut draws on traditional marketing principles. This view suggests that the basic focus upon customer needs still applies, but that it is the way marketing is practiced that is changing, with a greater emphasis on customer value, establishing and maintain a relationship over a long period of time (Christopher & Payne, 2005). If RM is indeed a descendant of traditional marketing then a good starting point in developing a definition of relationship marketing would be to look at how marketing has traditionally been perceived. Insurance industry performance has improved since the adoption of new legislation in 2009. Further refinement of the regulatory regime was introduced to foster its development, including completion of the separation of life and non-life businesses, and revisions to capital, solvency and investment rules. Rwanda-specific mortality was developed to foster development of life insurance and annuity products. In 2007, the Government of Rwanda developed a comprehensive and detailed insurance sector assessment plan based on the 2005 insurance sector assessment program (Ministry of Finannce and Economic Planning [MINICOFIN], 2013). The plan for the insurance sector reform focused on five areas; building financial structure infrastructure for instance legal framework, increasing access to finance mainly in rural sectors, strengthening the pension and insurance industryanddevelopingthepayment system. 2. PROBLEM STATEMENT Customers are loyal because they believe that they receive superior products or commendable services and favorable treatment from their service providers, and also because they believe they don’t have a better alternative. However, these customers may not be aware of theinfluenceorimpact that their service provider’s advertisements really have on keeping them hooked or bowed to their brand andcustomer loyalty (Mcllroy& Barnett , 2000). Therefore, on one hand advertising has lots of components and its resulting effects; on the other hand there are many factors which influence a customer’s loyalty.TheRwandaFinancialSector Strategy isa long-term development strategy that governs the entire financial sector of Rwanda. It is obvious thatthestrategy will definitely help in the achievement of the financial sector objectives as set out in Vision 2020, Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy (EDPRS II,) Seven years Government Program,and Strategyfor Rwandabecomingan international service centre (Ministry of Finannce and Economic planning [MINICOFIN], 2013). A recent review of Rwanda’s insurance sector highlighted that although the sector has made remarkable achievement, it stillfacesmajor challenges that need addressing to enable the financial sector to contribute meaningfullytotheoverallperformance of the country’s economy. The key challenges identified include; Rwanda’s low savings rates as a result of low savings culture, limited access to insurance products and services, and low incomes that translates into low savings. Therefore, this research found out the contribution of television advertising to customer loyalty in insurance sector. 3. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The general objective of the study was to analyze if thereisa contribution of television advertising to customer loyalty in the insurance sector in Rwanda Specific Objectives are: I. To ascertain the determinants that influence customer loyalty in insurance sector in Rwanda; II. To assess the strategies related to advertisement undertaken by insurance sector on customer loyalty; III. To establish relationship between television advertisement and customer loyalty in insurancesector in Rwanda 4. RESEARCH QUESTIONS I. What are the determinants that influence customer loyalty in insurance sector in Rwanda? II. What are the strategies related to advertisement undertaken by insurance companies on customer loyalty?
  • 3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID - IJTSRD23601 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 4 | May-Jun 2019 Page: 100 III. To what extent does television advertising is relate to customer loyalty in insurance sector in Rwanda? 5. RELATED STUDIES Nha , André, and Gaston (2013) analyzed the mediating role of customer trust on customer loyalty in Canada. Mao, Customer Brand Loyalty (2010) assessed customer brand loyalty in China. Sri, Christina, and Tetty (2013) analyzed factors influencing customer loyaltytoward onlineshopping in Indonesia. Mohammad, Seyyed , and Nima, (2013) analyzed Factors and elements influencing brand loyalty in Iran. Mukhiddin, Dileep and Jalal, (2012) analysed impact of relationship marketing on customer loyalty in the banking sector. Faizan (2011) analyzed the impact of customer satisfaction on customer loyalty and intentions to switch: evidence from banking sector of Pakistan.Ekrem,Hasanand Bünyamin (2007) analyzed effects of image and advertising efficiency on customer loyalty and antecedents of loyalty in Turkish. Ogechukwu (2012) analyzed if relationship marketing an acceptable marketing strategy to be used by anigerian commercial banks. Adepoju and Suraju (2012) analyzed the determinants of customer loyalty in Nigeria’s GSM market. Yusuf ( 2014) analyzed determinants of customer loyalty among subscribers of global system for mobile (gsm) communication in north-western Nigeria. Kofi and Mark (2014) analyzed the influenceof advertisement on customer loyalty in the telecommunications industry in Ghana. Arvinlucy, Moses, Isaac and Willis (2012) focused on implications of service quality on customer loyalty in the banking sector. Allan and Gordon (2014) analyzed factors influencing customer loyalty in telecommunicationindustry in Kenya. Even though, other studies found that customers are loyal because they believe that they receive superior products or commendable services and favorable treatment from their service providers, and also because they believe they don’t have a better alternative. Mcllroy and Barnett (2000) said that these customers may not be aware of the influence or impact that their service provider’s advertisements really have on keeping them hooked or bowed to their brand and customer loyalty.Therefore, ononehandadvertisinghas lots of components and its resulting effects; on the other hand there are should be many other factors which influence a customer’s loyalty. The above studies focused on banking sectors and telecommunication industry, thereasonwhythis study need to assess television advertising and customer loyalty in insurance sector in Rwanda using both descriptive and inferential statistics. 6. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The study design was descriptive-analytical design, this design mainly focused on both qualitative and quantitative approaches to a certain extent. Qualitative method was concerned with qualitative phenomena that relates to quality and kind, which include views, opinions, feelings, perceptions, and intentions of different respondents. Quantitative method was based on the measurement of quantity or amount, applicable to the phenomena that was expressed in terms of quantity, it allowed the researcher to focus on variables that was expressedmathematicallywhich enabled researcher to analyze and get exact information required with minimum errors. The population of this research was5340respondsincluding 5215 insurance companies’ customers and 125 employees. The level of precision or sampling error was 10 % and 90 % confidence level, total population will be N = 5340, the sample size was calculated using the Yamane formula , and then, n= 98 .The sample size of the study was 98 people. The researcher usedSPSS as the statistical tool, this involved presenting findings in a logical and sequential way so that conclusions was drawn from them. The data was presented according to the research questions and research objectives. Tables were used to present data. Data from completed questionnaires were edited, categorized and entered into SPSS and summarized using the percentage of respondents for analysis. The data processed was analyzed according to the research objectives one by one with the consideration of the variable. The first and second research objectives were analyzed using descriptive statistics, whereas the third was analyzed used inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient). The researcher did a pilot research, whereby, she used five employees from insurance companies and found that Croanbach Alpha was 0.90 >0.7, this confirmed that, the questionnaires were reliable. 7. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION According to the first research question, this study found that the determinants that influence customer loyalty in insurance sector in Rwanda are corporate social responsibility, corporate image, pressure oftheformof legal regulation, legal protection of shareholders, board leadership structure, managerial risk, significant price, product differentiation, competition, sales promotion tool, consumer preferences, consumer buying behavior, product protection and add value of product. The study also concluded that, customer loyalty plays a more and more important role in the modern global marketing. In order to maximize profit, people try different strategies, among which, loyalty is recognized by a large amount of businessmen. On the other hand, some may assert that it is a challenge to achieve it. According to the second research question, this research concluded that improvement of accountability is among of roles played by corporate image in insurance companies. Therefore, accountability is one of the cornerstones of corporate image; however, it can bedifficultforpractitioners alike to navigate the myriad of different types of accountability. Accountability ensures actions and decisions taken by public officials are subject to oversight so as to guarantee that companies initiatives meet their stated objectives and respond to the needs of the community they are meant to be benefiting, thereby contributing to better governance. Well-functioning legal institutions and governments bound by the rule of law in insurance were, in turn, vital to corporate image. Laws are not enforced, practitioners in the development field have increasingly turned their attention to reforms to improve legal and judicial institutions and promote the rule of law and corporate image. According to the third research question, this research concluded that the strategies related to advertisement undertaken by insurance on customer loyalty are corporate reputation strategy,customer retention strategy,employees’ retention strategy, product competitiveness at the market strategy, product innovation strategy, enhance product marketing strategy, company meet the market demand
  • 4. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID - IJTSRD23601 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 4 | May-Jun 2019 Page: 101 strategy and products development strategy. Corporate strategies improve governance. Therefore, through present research the researcher analyzed the statements regarding the corporate strategy in customer loyalty and concluded that corporate strategies represent alltheapproved policies and procedures used by the insurance managementinorder to achieve an effective management of customer. In relation to the relationship between television advertisement and customer loyalty using Pearsoncorrelationcoefficienty. This research used SPSS programm and found thatthecoefficient r equal to 0.969. According to Pearson, the correlation of 0.969 (96.9%) is categorized as positive correlationandthis leads to confirm that there is significant relationship between television advertisement and customer loyalty. In relation to the third research question, this study concluded that there was significant positive relationship between television advertisement and customer loyalty in insurance companies. Therefore, to build customer loyalty and sustain it, relationship television advertisement can play a key role to influence positively customers’ perceptions of the organization and to enhance customer trust. Loyalty is not determined exclusively by the intrinsic characteristics of service offer. It can also depend on external traditional activities, such as advertising and public relations, well known to those in charge of marketing. So, the choice of elements for positioningand communicationstrategiesmust reflect the reality and ability of the organization to keep the promises of quality and benefit made to its customers in order to bridge the gap between action and rhetoric. 8. RECOMMENDATIONS The study findings yielded the following recommendations in view of the contribution of televisionadvertisementtothe customer loyalty in insurance companies. To enable meaningful participation, management of insurance companies should focus on advertisement,customer loyalty, and corporate strategy with carefully selected representatives for the skilled employees. Successful Brand loyalty in Rwandan insurance companies requires a strong skilled local leadership through a process of leadership development, community mobilization, capacity building, education, and conscious. REFERENCES [1] Adepoju, A., & Suraju, A. A.,. (2012). 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