2. LOCAL CASE STUDY – CITY CENTER
SITE FORCE AND URBAN
CONTEXT
City Centre is the tallest
skyscraper in Dhaka,Bangladesh.
It is a multistoried parking lot
cum commercial complex.
The building is south oriented.
It is situated in the heart of
dhaka,motijheel just opposite to
the Janata tower.
Architects : T.I.M Nurunnabi Chowdhury
Bayejid M. Khandakar
Location : Motijheel,Dhaka
Client : Dhaka City Corporation
Consultancy : Belhasa-accom & UAE
Site Area : 76402 sq feet
Built Area : 482,413 sq feet
Budget : 1 Billion Taka
Project Year : 2012
Floor No : 37
4. STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
The structural system is composite.RCC,Flat slab and shear
wall structure.
•GRID SPAN INNER 24'-0”
•GRID MID SPAN 15’-0”.
•SHEAR WALL LENGTH
12’-6”X1’-8” (MIN)
STRUCTURAL GRID
HORIZONTAL
BEAM AND
LAOD
BEARING
WALL
Column to column
distance 15’.
Column size 20”x10’10.”
Basement height at all
spaces 20’.
5. SECTION
HELIPAD LEVEL
HEIGHT 13850MM
Certain wall
used in front façade.
PODIUM LEVEL 30.6M
Unusable space in
3rd Basement
The Helipad at the top
N
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
TO PALTON
R O A D
ROAD
ROAD
OUT
FOOTPATH
OFFICE
FOOTPATH
UP
1:6
FOOTPATH
UTTARABANK
BIRDSBANGLADESHAGENCYLTD.
TO MOTIJHEEL
UP
UP
IN
DN
1:61:18 -1700
SECURITY SECURITY
FOOTPATH
Total Area = 727.14 Sq-m
COMMERCIAL SPACE
UP UP
1050
Total Area = 83.85 Sq-m
OFFICE
Total Area = 84.24 Sq-m
Area = 17.76 Sq-m Area = 17.76 Sq-m
Area = 17.76 Sq-m Area = 17.76 Sq-mE. TOL
L.TOLG.TOL
E. TOL
L.TOL G.TOL
TOL-1TOL-1
ALL READY
SOLD
PEDISTRIAN
VERTICAL CIRCULATION
ROAD
•20-25% of the total
commercial area.
•Systematic maintenance is
also helping to run the
project
6. 24’
15’STRUCTURAL GRID
HORIZONTAL
BEAM AND
LAOD
BEARING
WALL
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM The structural system is
composite.RCC,Flat slab and
shear wall structure.
•GRID SPAN INNER 24'-0”
•GRID MID SPAN 15’-0”.
•SHEAR WALL LENGTH
12’-6”X1’-8” (MIN)
Column to column
distance 15’.
Column size 20”x10’10.”
Basement height at all
spaces 20’.
7. Typical Basement floor plan
Basement parking
Fire stair
PLANNING
There are three basement 2nd to 10th floor for car parking and the
rest of the floor s are for office space.
Typical floor plan(2nd to 10th)
Parking Ramp Basement parking
PARKING ANALYSIS
Open driveway and vehicular pedestrian
road are present. basement parking
facilities with mechanical and electrical
facilities at the basement level.
Total Car Parking : 1050 cars
Ramp ratio : 1:6
Traffic pattern : TWO WAY
Basement : 3 NOS
Ramp Height : 8’-0” Clear
Ramp Width : 24’-0” clear
`
8. PARKING ANALYSIS
Mechanical services:
The machine services are located on the basement
level
•the main power of the 1600 ton central a/c
•4 chillers of 400 t.r. capacity
•8 chilled water pumps which connect to 3 cooling
towers on the roof floor
•3 water treatment pumps and cooling condensers.
•2 water reservoirs of a capacity more than 85,000
gallons per day. The overhead water reservoir on the
roof top also has a similar capacity.
•6 water pumps, one of 37kw and the other of 15kw
pump water from the reservoirs for use in the
building.
•2 generator room 440v generator.
•4 step-down transformers which supply 1.5 MB
power per day to the building.
10. Two mezanine floor plans(inbetween ground & 2nd floor)
Fig : 33rd floor plan
Typical floor plan(11th to 23th )
Typical floor used for fully.
commercially
restaurants,International
standard convention
centre,conference
facilities,business
lounge,gymnasium,cyber cafe
and Helipad
Fig:City view from the office space Fig: office Lift Lobby
Fig: Preparation space for
toilet
11. Two mezanine floor plans(in between ground & 2nd
floor)
USE OF FLOOR
TYPICAL FLOOR USED FOR FULLY
COMMERCIALLY - RESTAURANTS, INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD CONVENTION CENTRE, CONFERENCE
FACILITIES, BUSINESS LOUNGE, GYMNASIUM,
CYBER CAFÉ AND HELIPAD.
13. CORE DETAIL
•The service core is located in center of
the building.
•The service core consists of 08
elevators of (20 persons) capacity each.
• Fire stair 02 nos for office tower & 01
nos for commercial area
•On the basement level, below the
surface service core, the elevator
machine room, plug room, generator
room, water reservoir, fire fighting
equipment room, etc are situated.
TOTAL LIFT -8 NOS
STAIR CASE – 2
FIRE ESCAP – 2
1 STAIR CASE FOR
MEZANINE FLOOR IN
BETWEEN GROUND &
2ND FLOOR
Fig : Lift core in parking
lot
Fig:Stairway
14. •Smoke Detector Are Commercial Complex And Office
Core.
•Fire Extinguisher Is In The Office Space And Commercial
Space.
•Hose Pipe Or Water Pipe Is Present
•Fire Alarm Are Present
FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM
•The Machine Services Are Located On
The Basement Level
•A Generator Room .
•.Transformers Room
Modern Facilities Of The Centre Include A
Four-megawatt Captive Power Unit To
Ensure Uninterrupted Electricity Supply.
MECHANICAL Service
Fig: Alarm, Fire pump, Gusher pump, Electric duct, Co2,
Water pipe,network device
Fig:Generator
15. Positive Sides::
•Proper Design Infront Entry Facade
•Standard Ramp Ratio
•Vehicular Entry/Exit Is Proper Solution
•Natural Light Sufficient
•West Façade No Shading Device
•Hvac Sysystem Is Absent
•No Green Space
Problems :
16. Project name : Marina Bay Sands
Architects : Safdie architects
Location : Singapore
Project Director : Moshe Safdie
Executive Architects : Aedas, Pte, Ltd.
Structural Engineering : Arup
Landscape Construction : Peridian
Site Area : 154,938 sqm
Project Area : 845,000 sqm
Budget : US $5.7 billion
Project Year : 2010
Room No : 2561
17. Program
1. Hotel – 2,560 luxury rooms in three hotel towers,
totaling 265,683 sq meters (2,860,000 sq feet)
2. Sands SkyPark – The three hotel towers are
connected at the top (200 meters/656 feet) by a 9,941
square meter (107,000 square foot) park that brings
together a public observatory, jogging paths, gardens,
restaurants, lounges, and an infinity swimming pool
This 1.2 hectare (3 acre) tropical oasis is longer than the
Eiffel Tower is tall and large enough to park four-and-a-half
A380 jumbo jets
It spans from tower to tower and cantilevers 65 meters
(213 feet) beyond to form one of the world’s largest public
cantilevers
It is 340 meters (1,115 feet) long from the northern tip to
the south end
The park’s maximum width is 40 meters (131 feet)
The 1,396 square meter (15,026 square foot) swimming
pool is the largest outdoor pool at its height and has a
145 meter (475 foot) vanishing edge
• The entire park can host up to 3,900 people
• Its lush gardens include 250 trees and 650 plants
18. 3. Casino – the “atrium style” casino features four levels of gaming and
entertainment in one space totaling 15,000 square meters (161,500 square
feet) with the atrium ceiling holding a 7 ton chandelier with 132,000
Swarovski crystals and 66,000 LEDs
4. The Shoppes at Marina Bay Sands – includes over 74,322 square
meters (800,000 square feet) of retail and restaurant space
5. Sands Expo and Convention Center – consists of 121,000 square
meters (1.3 million sq feet) of flexible convention and exhibition space,
including one of the largest ballrooms in Asia with area of 8,000 sq meters
(86,100 sq feet) and the capacity to host 11,000 people.
6. Museum of Art Science – It is 15,000 square meters (161,500
square feet square feet) with 6,000 meters (64,580 square feet) of gallery
space, a 3,000 square meter (32,290 square foot) lily pond at grade and has
a palm measuring 80 meters (260 feet) in diameter reaching 62
19. 7. Theaters – the two theaters are 21,980 square meters (236,600 square feet square feet)
with a combined 4,000 seats
8. Crystal Pavilions – the 5,914 square meters (63,660 square feet) Crystal Pavilions house
shops and nightclubs and are the first glass and steel structures to be set in Marina Bay
9. Event Plaza – is 5,000 square meters (54,000 square
foot) and capable of hosting 10,000 people for a diverse
range of local and international live performances
24. JONE HANCOCK CENTER,CHICAGO,UNITED STATES
Architect- Fazlur Khan, Bruce Graham
Structure – Tube Structure
Time period: 1965-1969
Construction started: 1965
Construction Completed: 1969
Opening: JUNE,1969
Number of floor: 100
Total Height: 1506’
Architectural style: High-Tech Architecture
Site plan
Level plan.Typical office floor plan
Central Core
25. ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER:
The architecture of the Center Core is informed by
its expressive structural system and gentle sloping
facades.
This innovative form was designed to efficiently
accommodate the large number of programs
contained in the building.
This is the world’s first mixed-use tall building
projects.
One of the most famous buildings of the
structural expressionist style, the skyscraper's
distinctive X-bracing exterior is actually a hint that
the structure's skin is indeed part of its Tubular
system.
John Hancock Center has a height of 1,499 feet
(456.9 m)It is the fifth-tallest building in the above
world most famous building.
26. ADVANTAGES:
DISADVANTAGES:
One of the most famous buildings of the
structural expressionist
Its Mixed Used Building.
The skyscraper's distinctive X-bracing exterior
is actually a hint that the structure's skin is
indeed part of its 'tubular system'.
Sometimes all over the glass facades create a big
problem.
Public place should be larger .
28. JIN MAO TOWER
LOCATION : Pudong District,Shanghai,China
ARCHITECT:Adrian Smith
No. of Floor:88
The Jin Mao Tower "Golden Prosperity Building" is an 88-
story landmark supertall skyscraper in the Lujiazui area of
the Pudong district of Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
It contains offices and the Shanghai Grand Hyatt hotel. Until
2007 it was the tallest building in the PRC, the fifth tallest in
the world by roof height and the seventh tallest by pinnacle
height. Along with the Oriental Pearl Tower, it is a
centerpiece of the Pudong skyline. Its height was surpassed
on September 14, 2007 by the Shanghai World Financial
Center which is next to the building. The Shanghai Tower, a
128-story building located next to these two buildings and
now under construction, will be even taller.
SITE ANALYSIS:
SITE & CONTEXT Fig:Site Plan
29. CORE DETAIL:
The foundation is done
by strong piles.The core
is in the middle to hold
the tower very
strongly.The core
function is solved
criscrossly.
STRUCTURAL
DETAILS:
The tower is built around an
octagon-shaped concrete shear wall
core surrounded by 8 exterior
composite supercolumns and 8
exterior steel columns. Three sets
of 8 two-story high outrigger
trusses connect the columns to the
core at six of the floors to provide
additional support.
The exterior curtain wall is made of
glass, stainless steel, aluminium,
and granite, and is criss-crossed by
complex latticework cladding made
of aluminum alloy pipes.
The building employs an advanced
structural engineering system of
wind and earthquake.
Ground Floor Plan
Typical Middle level Floor Plan
Typical Upper level Floor Plan
Fig:Core of th tower
Fig:Construction of core
31. Marina Bay
Location: Marina Bay, Singapore
Project Team Architect: NBBJ
NBBJ Co-Design Principals: Peter Pran and
Timothy Johnson
NBBJ Managing Principal: Scott Hunter
Completed: September 2008
Total surface area: 118,182 SM (1.2 million SF)
•Mixed-use building comprising units
•The 63- and 70-story glass-clad
towers rise
• At 245 meters tall
• Facilities :restaurants, health clubs,
recreation decks with pools and tennis
courts and car-park facilities.
•10th largest residential high-rise
in the world
•residential market.
1. Basement: 2
2. Tower 1 lobby
3. Tower 2 lobby
4. Main Door
5. Car park
6. Landscape walkway
7. Water features
8. Sky light
9. Escalator to
underground link
Ground floor plan
32. Club Level plan
1. Basement: 2
2. Tower 1 lobby
3. Tower 2 lobby
4. Main Door
5. Car park
6. Landscape walkway
7. Water features
8. Sky light
9. Escalator to
underground link
Landscape
Entry
Lobby
33. TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN
Core & Circulation
Residential Area
1. Gym pool
2. Tennis courts
3. Lap pool
4. Children pool
5. Main pool
6. BBQ
7. Spa and steam
bath
8. Gymnasium
9. Exercise studio
10.Children’s play
ground
general stair
stair
lift core
Residential Area
34. Section Of Marina Bay
Vertical circulation
Residential Area
Public Space
Parking Area
Tower 1 Tower 2
35. LOCATION : SYDNEY,AUSTRALIA
ARCHITECT : KHON PEDERSON FOX ASSOCIATE
AND TRAVIS PARTNERS
STYLE : LATE 20TH CENTURY POST-MORDERN
CONSTRUCTED : 1988-93
USE : OFFICE
LOCATION MAP
BUILDING
▪ Plan shape rectangular
▪ Number of stories 53 levels above ground,
▪ 4 levels basement and 5 service levels
▪ Total floor area approximately 90 000 sq m
▪ Net rentable floor area 72,268 sq m
STRUCTURAL TYPE : STEEL STRUCTURE
MATERIAL :
▪ STRUCTURAL STEEL WITH DRYWALL CAVITY
CLADDING
▪ REINFORCED CONCRETE SLAB, STEEL ANCHORS
AIR-CONDITIONING SERVICES
▪ FLOOR BY FLOOR SYSTEM.
▪ HIGH DEGREE OF FLEXIBILITY UTILIZING DIRECT
EXPANSION REFRIGERATION AS THE COOLING
MEDIUM.
▪ EFFICIENCIES IN THE SYSTEM ARE INCREASED
WITH THE USE OF COLD CONDENSER WATER DURING
COOLER PERIODS.
▪ A SECONDARY CONDENSER WATER SYSTEM IS
AVAILABLE FOR TENANTS TO USE IN COMPUTER
ROOM APPLICATIONS AND FOR SUPPLEMENTARY AIR
CONDITIONING TO MEETING ROOMS OR AREAS OF
HIGH HEAT LOAD.
INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDY-4
Chifley Tower,Sydney,Australia
36. LIFTS SERVICES
• 28 LIFTS SERVICE THE BUILDING INCLUDING 18 HIGH SPEED
TOWER LIFTS SERVICING THE LOW, MID AND HIGH RISE.
• THERE ARE 2 GOODS LIFTS, ONE SERVICING LEVELS 42 TO
P4 OF THE TOWER AND THE OTHER SERVICING LEVELS 4 TO P4
OF THE RETAIL SECTION.
ELECTRICAL SERVICES
• FOUR ELECTRICAL SUBSTATIONS, SUPPLIED FROM A TRIPLEX
GRID ARRANGEMENT ARE WITHIN CHIFLEY TOWER.
• SUB MAINS CAPACITY TO TENANCIES IS GENEROUSLY
RATED.
• EMERGENCY DIESEL GENERATORS ARE INSTALLED TO
PROVIDE ESSENTIAL SERVICES AND SUPPORT TO TENANTS
SHOULD POWER BE INTERRUPTED.
LIFTS SERVICES
PRIMARY STRUCTURE
▪ TYPE STEEL BEAMS, COMPOSITE METAL
DECK/CONCRETE FLOOR
▪ PATTERN BEAMS RADIATING BETWEEN THE CORE
FRAME AND THE OUTER COLUMNS, ONE-WAY FLOOR
SLAB
▪ BEAM CLEAR SPAN 10-15 M, TYPICALLY 12M
▪ FLOOR SLAB SPAN 2.5-3 M CORE STRUCTURE
▪ MATERIAL STEEL BRACED FRAME WITH BORAL GYPSUM
DRYWALL CAVITY SHAFT WALL
▪ TYPE BRACED STEEL (350 MPA)
▪ SHAPE IRREGULAR POLYGON SUPPORT STRUCTURES
▪ TYPES INTERNAL COLUMNS ON THE PERIMETER, OUT
RIGGER SYSTEM
▪ MATERIAL STRUCTURAL STEEL FOOTINGS SPREAD
FOOTINGS AND ROCK ANCHORS
LIFT & LOBBY SPACE
