As part of the IFPRI Egypt Seminar in partnership with the National Nutrition Committee (ASRT affiliated): "100 million healthy lives: Scientific evidence on the double burden of malnutrition in Egypt"

1. Malnutrition Among Children
Prepared by
CAPMAS
Under Supervision of
Dr. Heba El-Laithy

2. Introduction
1. Malnutrition is one of the factors that has a negative impact on societies.
2. Which means that healthy nutrition is the basis of health and development,
healthy children learn better than others, healthy people increase their
productivity and their ability to get out of poverty.
3. Hence, the role of the country, such as ministries and agencies or civil society
organizations, are interested in the situation of malnutrition.
Ministry of Health
100 million Healthy Lives
Ministry of Education
4. Since CAPMAS is the main source of data Egypt, CAPMAS is always
seeking to build capacity and develop research to monitor and analyze all issues
facing the society

3. Introduction
HIECS survey
Poverty
Food Security Survey
monitoring malnutrition among
children aged 6-59 months.
Child Mortality

4. • Sampling
• Reference Period
HIECS survey

5. The sample size is 26000 household
45% represents the percentage of households
in urban regions, while 55% represents the
percentage of households in rural regions.
Sampling
1. Methodology
Household Income Expenditure Consumption Survey

6.  The sample was divided into 26 weeks, including the first and
second quarters.
 The third & fourth quarters: keep track of the same households,
previously considered in the first & second quarters, respectively.
 Taking all the children in the HHs of the sample that were visited
in the first and second quarters of the age between 6 - 59 months
to measure the weight and height of these children, as well as the
questions were placed on child mortality in 2017/2018
1. Methodology
Reference Period
Household Income Expenditure Consumption Survey

7. Indicators of nutritional status in children
Child nutrition indicators are one of the most important indicators
that measure the utilization of food security, which is the main
determinant of child health and development. Lack of food,
unbalanced food, and chronic childhood illnesses are associated
with poor nutritional status among children.

8. Snapshots of the Household
Access to Food
2015 HIECS

9. Average Calorie Intake
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
Cairo
Alexandria
PortSaid
Suez
Damietta
Dakahlia
Sharkia
Qualiobia
KafrelSheikh
Garbeyya
Menoufia
Beheira
Ismailia
Giza
BaniSuef
Fayoum
Menia
Assiut
Sohag
Qena
Aswan
luxor
FrontierGovs
Total
Kcal/person/day
Fig 5.1: Average Per Capita Daily Energy Intake -2015
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
Cairo
Alexandria
PortSaid
Suez
Damietta
Dakahlia
Sharkia
Qualiobia
KafrelSheikh
Garbeyya
Menoufia
Beheira
Ismailia
Giza
BaniSuef
Fayoum
Menia
Assiut
Sohag
Qena
Aswan
luxor
FrontierGovs
Total
%ofpopulation
Fig 5.2: Prevelance of Daily Per Capita Energy Deficit - 2015
Urban Govs
Lower Urban
Lower Rural
Upper Urban
Upper Rural
Frontier
Urban
Frontier
Rural
FIG 5.3: DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION SUFFERING
CALORIE DIFICIENCY
• The minimum daily per capita intake in Egypt is on
average 2,462 Kcal/per person/day.
• 16.3 percent of the population do not meet their
minimum daily energy in-take (14.5 million),
• The energy gap increases notably in Upper Egypt,
affecting 70% of the population in Qena, about 61%
of the population in Sohag and 58.6% in Aswan
• 65% of the population suffering calorie deficiency
are found in Upper Egypt

10. Contribution of National Food Subsidy Program to Household Calorie
Consumption
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Cairo
Alexandria
PortSaid
Suez
Damietta
Dakahlia
Sharkia
Qualiobia
KafrelSheikh
Garbeyya
Menoufia
Beheira
Ismailia
Giza
BaniSuef
Fayoum
Menia
Assiut
Sohag
Qena
Aswan
luxor
Frontiers
AllEgypt
%oftotalcalorieintake
Fig 5.12: Contribution of Food Subsidy Programme to
Total Calorie Intake, 2015
% calorie intake from ration cards
% of calorie intake from subsidized bread
Region 2015 Pov Rates
SC1: 100%
removal of
Subsidy
SC2: Removal
of Richest 50%
Urban Govs 15.11 18.25 15.93
Urban Lower 9.67 12.74 9.90
Rural Lower 19.71 25.27 20.13
Urban Upper 27.40 31.77 27.58
Rural Upper 56.70 61.87 57.30
Urban Frontier 19.27 22.04 19.95
Rural Frontier 28.95 37.64 30.66
Total 27.76 32.33 28.26
Table 5: Impact of Food Subsidy
Reforms on Income Poverty

11. Dietary Diversity
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%
Cairo
Alexandria
PortSaid
Suez
Damietta
Dakahlia
Sharkia
Qualiobia
KafrelSheikh
Garbeyya
Menoufia
Beheira
Ismailia
Giza
BaniSuef
Fayoum
Menia
Assiut
Sohag
Qena
Aswan
luxor
Frontiers
AllEgypt
%ofHouseholds
Fig 5.4: Household Dietary Diversity, 2015
Poor Moderate
Upper Rural
Lower Rural
Urban Govs
• Nationally 18.8% of the population are estimated to have poor dietary
diversity, the majority (56.2%) in Upper Egypt, followed by Urban
Governorates (19.5%)
• Nearly 50% of the population in Sohag and Assuit have poor food diets
Distribution of Population
with Poor Dietary Diversity

12. Malnutrition amongst children
Stunting and obesity tend to be higher in
Urban areas, reaching 18.4% and 13.7%
respectively, compared to 15.2% and
7.7% in rural areas.
4.7% of households have stunted children and
children with obesity in the same household

13. Stunting According to the Rate of Overcrowding
15.4
20.8
16.2
0
5
10
15
20
25
Two individuals or less per room More that two individuals per
room
Total
 Children of overcrowded households are the most vulnerable to stunting.
 20.8% of the children who live in overcrowded HHs (more than two individuals in the
room) suffer from Stunting , while 15.4% of stunting children live in lower overcrowding
HHs

14. Stunting According to have a Sanitation
15.3
17
16.2
14
14.5
15
15.5
16
16.5
17
17.5
Sanitation No Sanitation Total
 17% of children suffer from stunting, live in households do not have a
sanitation , while 15.3% of them, live in Households do have a sanitation

15. Stunting According to Monetary Poverty
18.5
15.3
16.2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Poor Non Poor Total
 Monetary poverty is linked to child malnutrition. 18.5% of children in poor
households suffer from stunting, compared with 15.3% of children in non-poor
households

16. LOOK FORWARD
• Collect heights and weights for women.
• You are welcome for any suggestion about
adding questions to HIECS Questionnaire