By Angga Pradesha, Amaliah Syarifah, Anang Noegroho, and James Thurlow

1. Indonesia
Impacts of COVID-19 on Production, Poverty
& Food Systems
Angga Pradesha1, Syarifah Amaliah2, Anang Noegroho3, & James Thurlow1
1. International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
2. Faculty of Economics and Management at Institute Pertanian Bogor (IPB University)
3. National Development Planning Agency of Indonesia (BAPPENAS)
Last updated: 18 May 2020
Contact: Angga Pradesha (a.pradesha@cgiar.org)
Disclaimer: The analysis presented in this slide deck are the IFPRI teams’ own and do not necessarily reflect the view of IFPRI, BAPPENAS and BAU

2. Updated: May 18, 2020
PSBB Imposes Heavy Economic Costs
• National GDP is estimated to fall by
24% during the 4-week Large Social
Distancing Policy (PSBB)
(US$26 bil. in lost GDP)
• Food system is adversely affected by
falling consumer & export demand
(13% agri-food GDP decline, despite exemptions)
• National poverty rate increases by
13%-points during the partial lock
down
(36 million more people temporarily living below
the national poverty line)
Source: Indonesia SAM Multiplier Results
Economic impacts during
4-week lockdown period
24.3
12.6
13.3
Percentage decline
in national GDP
Percentage decline
in agri-food system
GDP
Percentage point
increase in national
poverty rate
27.0
35.9
Decline in national
GDP in US$ billions
Increase in number
of poor people in
millions

3. Updated: May 18, 2020
Costs Likely to Persist Throughout 2020
• Economy will recover as
restrictions are lifted & people
return to work
• But economic losses remain,
even with a fast recovery
(GDP may be 5-7% lower in 2020
compared to a no-COVID scenario)
• Average GDP & poverty rates
for 2020 hide sharp mid-year
deteriorations
(many businesses & people will require
government support to cope & recover)
Change in
GDP
(relative to
no-COVID-19
outcome)
Change in
national
poverty rate
(National
poverty line)
Quarterly national impacts under faster or
slower easing of lockdowns
-2.0%
-13.1%
-4.3%
-1.7%
-16.2%
-6.1%
-4.8%
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Faster recovery Slower recovery
0.7%
5.9%
1.5%
0.6%
7.6%
2.2%
1.7%
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

4. Updated: May 18, 2020
COVID-19 Outbreak & Partial
Lockdown Policies (PSBB) in Indonesia1

5. Updated: May 18, 2020
COVID-19 Cases & Policy Timeline
President
announced first
case in the country
Presidential decree No.7
(Keppres 7/2020): Forming
special task force to handle
COVID-19
Government Regulation No.1 (Perppu 1/2020): :
Financial Policy Stabilization to encounter
potential threat of COVID-19 on national
economy and financial stability. Total budget is
around Rp 405 trillion or US$24.8 billion
Presidential Regulation No. 54
(Perpres 54/2020) : The Revision
of Allocation and Details in the
Income and Expenses of
the State Budget 2020.
Reducing targeted government
revenue from Rp 2,233 to Rp
1,761 trillion.
Government Regulation No.21 (PP 21/2020):
Social Distancing on a Large Scale (PSBB) in
Order to Accelerate the Covid-19 Crisis
Management
Ministry of Health regulation No. 9
(Permenkes 9/2020) : Guidelines for the
implementation of Social Distancing on a
Large Scale (PSBB) for the Acceleration of
the Covid-19 Management
Presidential decree No. 12
(Keppres 13/2020) :
Determination of Non-Natural
Disaster of the 2019 Virus
Disease (Covid-19) Spread as a
National Disaster
Ministry of Transportation
regulation No. 18: Controlling the
use of transportation nationally,
in the PSBB area and during the
exodus (mudik)
0
200
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800
1-Mar
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18-May
Confirmednewcases
Confirmed cases
The House of Representatives (DPR)
officially approved a Bill on
Government Regulation No.1
(Perppu 1/2020) to become Law (UU)

6. Updated: May 18, 2020
Cities and States under PSBB (8 May 2020)
• Only part of the economy
is under Large Scale Social
Distancing (PSBB)
• Jakarta became the first
city imposing the policy,
then followed by other
cities and province
• DKI Jakarta, Banten, West
Java, Central Java, East Java,
Bali ≈ 61% of national GDP
• West Sumatera, North
Sumatera, Riau, Jambi,
Bengkulu ≈ 13% of national
GDP
Number of cities and provinces
under PSBB

7. Updated: May 18, 2020
Sectors Affected by PSBB (1)
Sector Lockdown restrictions or exemptions in targeted regions Directly Affected?
Agriculture
• Movement restrictions occurring at start of planting season
• Suspended development projects
Minimal
Mining & crude oil
• Continuing to operate (essential sector)
• Lower oil prices & export demand (small supply effects to date)
Minimal
Manufacturing
• Food processing & medicines exempted (essential sector)
• Non-essential producing companies closed
• Limited access to production inputs from China
High
Utilities • Electricity & water distribution exempted (essential sector) Minimal
Construction
• Many public works programs reduced in affected areas
• Local curfews & border closures reducing activity elsewhere
Some
Wholesale & retail
trade services
• Retailers of essential goods exempted
• Wholesale not exempted
Some
Transportation,
storage & cargo
• Air travel closed for the whole May; Bus, train and ship service hours
is limited with half maximum capacity;
• Ban for Eid al-Fitr exodus from May 7
• Port cargo handling & storage exempted
High
Hotels & food
services
• Restaurant dining is strictly limited
• Thousands of hotels closed
High

8. Updated: May 18, 2020
Sectors Affected by PSBB (2)
Sector Lockdown restrictions or exemptions in targeted regions Directly Affected?
Banking, finance &
insurance
• Money transfer services exempted (essential)
• Banks operating with essential staff only
Minimal
Professional &
business services
• Almost all closed or teleworking (e.g., legal, accounting services)
• Activities involving in-person field visits affected (e.g., engineers)
Minimal
Public admin &
law enforcement
• Public services & agencies remain open, but most staff teleworking
• Public & private security services exempted (essential)
Minimal
Education services • All schools closed replaced by online delivery Minimal
Health services • Health services exempted (essential) Minimal
Sports &
entertainment
• Most sports & outdoor entertainment banned
• Some activities operating (e.g., newspapers, radio & TV)
High
Other services
• In-person religious gatherings banned
• Major disruptions to informal repair firms due to market closures
Some

9. Updated: May 18, 2020
Global & Other Nationwide Shocks
Sector Lockdown restrictions or exemptions in targeted regions Directly Affected?
Export demand
Nationwide
• Decline in demand for exported goods
• Reduced international tourism & business travel to Indonesia
Some
Remittances
Nationwide
• Declines in the value of remittances sent by national working abroad
Some
Foreign
Investments
Nationwide
• Fall in foreign investments due to unconducive economic situation
Some
Government
revenues
Nationwide
• Fall in tax revenues due to decline in economic activity
• Lower trade tax collections due to reduced import demand
Some
See detailed sector-level assumptions about production &
demand shocks in Annex at the end of slide deck

10. Updated: May 18, 2020
Measuring Economic Impacts2

11. Updated: May 18, 2020
Economywide Multiplier Analysis
• Partial lockdown policies & shocks have direct impacts on the
operation of certain sectors
(e.g., closing businesses, restricting travel, etc.)
• But it also generates indirect impacts on other sectors involved in
supply chains
(i.e., input suppliers & downstream users)
• Multiplier analysis uses sector input-output data to measure
direct & indirect impacts throughout & across supply chains
(incl. impacts on GDP, jobs & household incomes)
• Indonesia model based on 2018 SAM & 2015 household survey
data (SUSENAS)
(results scaled to 2019 GDP & employment levels)

12. Updated: May 18, 2020
Economywide
Impacts
GDP | jobs
Incomes | poverty
Direct
impacts
Framework for Analyzing COVID-19
GlobalImpact Channels
(Due to partial or full lockdowns in other countries)
Indirect
impacts
DomesticImpact Channels
(Due to partial or full lockdowns in own country)
• Export demand
• Remittances & migration
• Foreign direct investments
• Agriculture
• Mining & crude oil
• Manufacturing
• Utilities (energy, water)
• Construction
• Whole & retail trade services
• Transportation, storage & cargo
• Hotels & food services
• Banking, finance & insurance
• Professional & business services
• Public administration & law enforcement
• Education services
• Health & social services
• Sports & entertainment
• Community & other services

13. Updated: May 18, 2020
Impact Channels & Shocks
• Partial lockdowns are simulated using
a range of impact channels
• Shocks to each channel are imposed on
the model & impacts are simultaneously
traced across all supply chains
• Multiplier model separates entire
Indonesian economy into 86 sectors
(shocks are calculated bottom-up using
supply-use data for 185 goods & services)
• Size of shocks is estimated by IFPRI’s
staff & collaborators
(see Annex)
Impact channels used to replicate lockdowns
1 Direct restrictions on farming
2 Limiting mining operations
3 Closing non-essential manufacturing operations
4 Disruptions to energy and water supply
5 Limiting construction activities
6 Closing non-essential wholesale/retail trade
7 Transport/travel restrictions
8 Closing hotels, bars and restaurants
9 Closing non-essential business services
10 Government work-from-home orders
11 Closing all schools in the country
12 Disruptions to hospitals and clinics
13 Banning sports & other entertainment
14 Domestic workers & other services
15 Reduced export demand
16 Falling foreign remittances
17 Falling government revenues

14. Updated: May 18, 2020
Adjusting for Geography & Seasonality
• Shocks are weighted to reflect the geographic targeting of
lockdowns policies (using official data on sectoral GDP by state)
• Shocks also weighted by importance of Q2-2020 for sectoral GDP
• Mid of year is more important for crop GDP
• Hotels & food services sector is almost proportionally distributed across year
• Food processing GDP is also evenly distributed across year
Share of annual GDP produced each quarter24% 24% 24% 24% 24% 24% 24%25%
27% 28%
25% 25% 25% 25%26%
27% 29%
26% 26% 26% 25%25%
22%
20%
25% 25% 26% 26%
Total GDP Agriculture Crops Manufacturing Food processing Transport services Hotels & food
services
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

15. Updated: May 18, 2020
Scenarios
1. Impacts during only the partial lockdown (PSBB) period
• Partial lock down is implemented for 2 weeks as an effort for mass quarantine
• It started from early April with different starting point across most affected regions
• The 4-week shock is introduced in the model to capture the full partial lockdown effect
2. Impacts for rest of 2020 as lockdowns are lifted each quarter
• We will compare a faster vs. slower easing of restrictions
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
PSBB
period
Easing
some
restrictions
during rest
of Q2
Further
easing of
restrictions in
Q3
Final easing by
end of Q4
(possibly incomplete
recovery)
1
2

16. Updated: May 18, 2020
Economic Impacts During the
Ongoing Partial Lockdown Period3

17. Updated: May 18, 2020
GDP Losses During Lockdown
National GDP drops 24% during the 4-week lockdown
(most economic losses occur in the industry & services sectors)
GDP losses accumulate when the lockdown period is extended
(could also increase if tighter restrictions are imposed on more sectors/states)
Source: Indonesia SAM Multiplier Results
Change in total GDP during
lockdown period (%)
Change in total GDP by duration of
lockdown (US$ bil.)
-24.3%
-10.1%
-23.3%
-29.7%
Total Agriculture Industry Services
-$27.0
-$67.5
-$81.0
-$108.0
4 weeks 10 weeks 12 weeks 16 weeks

18. Updated: May 18, 2020
Sources of GDP Losses
Restricting transportation and retail trade accounts for one third of GDP losses
Contribution of lockdown restrictions & shocks to
loss in total GDP during lockdown (sums to 100%)
(Falling export demand and investment from abroad makes up another third)
Retail trade service also falls due
to stay at home recommendation
GDP for manufacturing sector is
weaken by limited operation and
sluggish export markets
Falling remittances further reduce
household incomes & consumption
Government announced $32bil. decline in
revenues due to slowing economic activities
(assume this is spread over 2020)
Large knock-on effect on
transportation sectors and foreign
investment demand
Source: Indonesia SAM Multiplier Results
18.3%
16.0%
16.0%
15.9%
11.9%
7.3%
5.5%
3.7%
3.0%
1.9%
Transport/travel restrictions
Restrictions on wholesale/retail trade
Falling foreign investments
Reduced export demand
Limiting sports & other entertainment
Restrictions on manufacturing operations
Closing hotels, bars & restaurants
Falling government revenues
Restrictions on construction activities
Falling foreign remittances

19. Updated: May 18, 2020
-12.6%
-10.1%
-9.4%
-11.5%
-35.3%
Agri-food system
Agriculture
Agro-processing
Food trade and transport
Food services
Impacts on the Agri-Food System
Food supply is exempt from most restrictions, but it is still
indirectly affected by falling consumer incomes & other shocks
Change in agri-food GDP
during lockdown period (%)
Change in agri-food GDP during the
4-week lockdown period (US$ bil.)
(food services is directly affected by the closing of hotels, restaurants & bars,
but this is a small component of the overall agri-food system)
Source: Indonesia SAM Multiplier Results
Share of
total GDP in
2019 (%)
(30.1%)
(13.3%)
(7.4%)
(7.2%)
(2.9%)
-$4.4
-$1.6
-$0.8
-$0.9
-$1.1
Agri-food system
Agriculture
Agro-processing
Food trade and transport
Food services

20. Updated: May 18, 2020
Sources of Agri-Food System GDP Losses
Reduced export demand causes a large share of agri-food GDP losses
Contribution of lockdown restrictions & shocks to
loss in agri-food GDP during lockdown (sums to 100%)
(closing hotels and restaurant and falling foreign investment makes up another third)
Closing food service providers is
more important for the food system
than for the overall economy
Food system is also affected by
closing of non-essential
manufacturing and other service
activities
Transportation services also plays
important role in moving food
commodities across the system
Source: Indonesia SAM Multiplier Results
Fall in export demand and foreign
investment accounts for a large share
26.3%
21.4%
13.0%
11.8%
8.4%
6.3%
4.6%
3.6%
2.5%
2.0%
Reduced export demand
Closing hotels, bars & restaurants
Falling foreign investments
Transport/travel restrictions
Restrictions on manufacturing operations
Restrictions on wholesale/retail trade
Limiting sports & other entertainment
Falling foreign remittances
Falling government revenues
Restrictions on construction activities

21. Updated: May 18, 2020
-10.1%
-9.9%
-6.2%
-16.4%
-6.8%
-5.3%
-7.0%
-11.1%
-19.0%
-9.3%
-12.0%
-0.9%
-17.4%
-9.1%
Agriculture
Crops
Cereals
Pulses & oilseeds
Root crops
Fruits & vegetables
Sugarcane
Beverage crops
Traditional export crops
Livestock
Meat & eggs
Dairy
Forestry
Fishing
Unpacking Agricultural GDP Impacts
Change in GDP during
the lockdown (%)
Cereal crops is affected through
indirect effects on food demand
reduction in the downstream sectors
Decline in investment spending &
construction activities reduces demand for
timber & wood products
Share of agric. GDP
in 2019 (%)
(16.9%)
(12.1%)
(2.3%)
(21.1%)
(0.5%)
(3.6%)
(9.3%)
(5.9%)
(7.7%)
(2.5%)
(18 %)
Export crops hurt the most
by falling export demand
Source: Indonesia SAM Multiplier Results

22. Updated: May 18, 2020
Unpacking Food Processing GDP Impacts
Change in GDP during
the lockdown (%)
Processed foods are more intensively
consumed by urban households, who are
affected badly by lockdown (see later slides)
Export-oriented crops are typically
processed before being exported
Note: Agri-food processing is a subsector within manufacturing
Source: Indonesia SAM Multiplier Results
-10.7%
-7.1%
-14.1%
-2.4%
-5.8%
-22.4%
-6.2%
-6.8%
-6.0%
-6.2%
-3.4%
Food procesing
Meat
Fish
Dairy
Fruits & vegetables
Fats & oils
Cereal milling
Sugar refining
Coffee, tea, etc.
Other foods
Beverages & tobacco

23. Updated: May 18, 2020
Impacts on Household Incomes
Higher-income & urban households experience large income losses
But incomes of rural & lower-income households also fall sharply
(lockdowns target cities; nonpoor more likely to work in manufacturing & services)
(mainly due to effects of food system disruptions on smallholder farmer incomes
& the closure of urban informal markets where urban poor often work)
Change in household incomes during lockdown (%)
Source: Indonesia SAM Multiplier Results
-23.7% -23.2% -22.7% -23.0% -23.5% -24.2%
-19.7%
-25.8%
All
households Quintile 1 Quintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Quintile 5 Rural Urban

24. Updated: May 18, 2020
Impacts on Household Incomes
All households experience large income losses
Slightly larger income losses for higher-income households
(smaller losses in rural areas because farming only indirectly affected by restrictions)
(but we do not consider how these households have savings &
assets that can help smooth income shocks)
Source: Indonesia SAM Multiplier Results
Change in household incomes over 4-week period (%)
-23.7% -22.9% -23.8%
-19.7%
-17.0%
-24.1%
-25.8%
All households Quintiles 1-2 Quintiles 3-5 Rural Rural Farm Rural Nonfarm Urban

25. Updated: May 18, 2020
Poverty Impacts During the Lockdown
National poverty rate increases by 13%-points during the lockdown
period (≈ 36 mil. more poor)
Increase in the share of the national
population living in poverty (%)
Increase in number of poor people in Indonesia
during the 4-week lockdown period (mil.)
(poverty rate is the share of the population with consumption
spending below the national poverty line)
Source: Indonesia SAM Multiplier Results
13.3%
12.5%
14.0%
National Rural Urban
35.9
16.8
19.0
National Rural Urban

26. Updated: May 18, 2020
4
Economic Impacts Under Fast & Slow
Easing of Restrictions

27. Updated: May 18, 2020
Easing of Restrictions
Predicting Indonesia’s “post-lockdown” period is challenging
Consider two highly stylized scenarios:
Faster easing: Economy rebounds strongly in Q3 & largely returns to normal by Dec 2020
Slower easing: Modest rebound in Q3 with slower recovery in Q4
Faster easing Slower easing Global shocks
Q1
Jan
No shocks in pre-COVID-19 period
Feb
Mar Economic disorganization prior to the partial lock down Remittances & export
demand decline from 1st
March onwards
Q2
Apr to
May
Full partial lockdown period between April and May for 4
weeks
Shocks reduced by 50%May
to Jun
Production losses from
lockdown policies fall 80%
Production losses from
lockdown policies fall 50%
Q3
Jul
Losses reduced by 90% Losses reduced by 75% Shocks reduced by 75-80%Aug
Sep
Q4
Oct
Losses reduced by 95% Losses reduced by 90% Shocks reduced by 90-95%Nov
Dec

28. Updated: May 18, 2020
GDP Impacts with Recovery Scenarios
Change in quarterly & annual national GDP with fast or slow easing of restrictions
(changes are relative to a no-COVID growth scenario)
National GDP is 5-7% lower over 2020 as a result of COVID-19
(given its pre-COVID-19 growth trends, Indonesia may well lose a year or more of growth)
Source: Indonesia SAM Multiplier Results
-18.2%
-10.6%
-2.0%
-13.1%
-4.3%
-1.7%
-5.3%
-15.1%
-16.2%
-6.1%
-4.8%
-7.3%
April May-June Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 2020
Second quarter Quarterly averages Annual
Faster lifting of restrictions Slower lifting of restrictions

29. Updated: May 18, 2020
Cumulative Quarterly GDP Losses
Indonesia expected to end 2020 with higher GDP than at start of
2019, but below what was expected before COVID
Cumulative changes in 2020 GDP from end of 2019
(pre-COVID expected growth rate for 2020 was 5.1%)
Source: Indonesia SAM Multiplier Results
-30.0
-20.0
-10.0
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
End of
2019
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
US$billions
Pre-COVID expected growth
COVID + Faster recovery
COVID + Slower recovery

30. Updated: May 18, 2020
Poverty Impacts with Recovery Scenarios
Change in national poverty rate with fast or slow easing of restrictions
(changes are relative to a no-COVID growth scenario)
Poverty stabilizes by end of 2020 as people return to work,
incomes recover & consumer demand resumes
But this hides a sharp spike in mid-year poverty, when many households living close to
the poverty line will require government or other support to cope
Source: Indonesia SAM Multiplier Results
9.9%
3.9%
0.7%
5.9%
1.5%
0.6%
9.9%
6.4%
0.7%
7.6%
2.2% 1.7%
April May-June Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Second quarter Quarterly averages
Faster lifting of restrictions Slower lifting of restrictions

31. Updated: May 18, 2020
A
Detailed Assumptions About
Production & Demand Shocks

32. Updated: May 18, 2020
Channels, Shocks & Affected Sectors (1)
Type of restriction or
global shock
Major sectors
affected2
Geography
affected
Size of
shock
Detailed subsectors affected by shock2
Direct restrictions on
farming
Agriculture
(A)
0% Crop/animal production, hunting, related service activities (D01); forestry, logging (D02); fishing,
aquaculture (D03)
Limiting mining operations Mining, quarrying
(B)
0% Coal, lignite (D5); crude petroleum, natural gas (D06); metal ores (D07); quarrying (D08); mining
support service activities (D09)
Closing non-essential
manufacturing operations
Manufacturing
(C)
0% Food products (D10); coke, refined petroleum (D19); pharmaceuticals, medicinal chemicals (D21);
electromedical equipment (G266)
Only selected
cities & states1
Varied
between
-1 to -26%
Beverages, tobacco (D11-12); textiles, clothing, leather (D13-15); wood, paper, printing (D16-18);
chemicals, rubber, plastics (D20-21); non-metallic minerals (D23); metals (D24-25); equipment,
machinery (D26-28 excl. G266); vehicles, transport equipment (D29-30); furniture (D31), other
manufactures (D33)
Disruptions to energy and
water supply
Electricity, gas (D);
water supply (E)
-1% Electricity, gas, steam supply (D35); water collection, treatment, supply (D36); sewerage, waste
collection/remediation (D37-39)
Limiting construction
activities
Construction
(F)
Only selected
cities & states1
-3% Construction of buildings (D41); civil engineering (D42); specialized construction activities (D43)
Closing non-essential
trading activities
Wholesale/retail
trade (G)
30% Agricultural raw materials, live animals (G462); agricultural machinery, equipment, supplies (C4653);
food, beverages, tobacco, incl. stalls & markets (G463 G471-472 C4781); construction materials,
hardware, plumbing, heating equipment (C4663); automotive fuels (G473)
Only selected
cities & states1
-30% Motor vehicle trade/repair (D45); wholesale trade (D46 excl. G462-463 C4653 C4663); retail trade
(D47 excl. G471-472 G47 C4781)
Transport/travel
restrictions
Transportation,
storage (H)
0% Postal/courier activities (D53); transport via pipeline (G493)
Only selected
cities & states1
-50% Sea/coastal/inland water transport (C5011-5012 C5022); transport support (G522)
Only selected
cities & states1
-50% Freight rail/road/air transport (C4912 C4923 G512); warehousing/storage (G521)
Only selected
cities & states1
-50% Urban/suburban passenger/other land transport (C4911 C4921-4922)
Only selected
cities & states1
-80% Passenger air transport (G511)
Government work-from-
home orders
Public
administration,
defense (O)
0% Public administration, defense, compulsory social security (D84)
Closing hotels, bars and
restaurants
Accommodation,
food services (I)
Only selected
cities & states1
-30% Accommodation (D55); food/beverage service activities (D56)

33. Updated: May 18, 2020
Channels, Shocks & Affected Sectors (2)
Type of restriction or
global shock
Major sectors
affected2
Geography
affected
Size of
shock
Detailed subsectors affected by shock2
Closing non-essential
business services
Information,
communication (J);
finance, insurance
(K); real estate (L);
professional/
scientific/technical
activities (M);
administrative/
support services (N)
Only selected
cities & states1
0% Publishing activities (D58); programming/broadcasting activities (D60); telecommunications (D61);
computer programming/consultancy activities (D62); information service activities (D63); financial
services, insurance, pension funding, auxiliary services (D64-66); real estate activities (D68); security
and investigation activities (D80)
Only selected
cities & states1
0% Accounting, bookkeeping, auditing, tax consultancy (G692); head offices, management consultancy
(D70); scientific research/development (D72); advertising, market research (D73); other
professional/scientific/technical activities (D74);
Only selected
cities & states1
0% Legal activities (G692); architectural/engineering activities (D71); veterinary activities (D75)
Only selected
cities & states1
0% Motion picture/video/television program production, etc. (D59); renting/leasing activities (D77);
employment activities (D78); travel agencies, tour operators (D79); building services, landscape
activities (D81); office administrative, office support, other business support activities (D82)
Closing schools Education (P) 0% Pre-primary and primary education (G851)
0% Secondary education (G852); Other education (G854)
0% Higher education (G853); Educational support activities (G855)
Disruptions to hospitals
and clinics
Human health,
social work (Q)
0% Human health activities (D86); residential care activities (D87); social work activities without
accommodation (D88)
Banning sports & other
entertainment
Arts, recreation,
entertainment (R)
Only selected
cities & states1
-75% Creative/arts/entertainment activities (D90); libraries, archives, museums, other cultural activities
(D91); gambling, betting activities (D92); sports, amusement/recreation activities (D93)
Domestic workers & other
services
Other service
activities (S);
households as
employers (T);
extraterritorial
organizations (U)
Only selected
cities & states1
0% Extraterritorial organizations/bodies (D99)
Only selected
cities & states1
-11% Membership organizations (D94)
Only selected
cities & states1
-11% Other personal services (D96); domestic workers/personnel (D97); Other production activities of
private households for own use (D98)
Only selected
cities & states1
-11% Repairing computers & personal/household goods (D95)
Note: (1) Selected cities and states include DKI Jakarta, West Java, Banten, Central Java, East Java, Bali, West Sumatera, North Sumatera, Riau, Jambi,
Bengkulu regions; (2) numbers in parentheses are International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC Revision 4) codes (by major section with detailed
subsectors, D is division, G is group and C is class).