2. What did we get wrong?
Why?
• People and firms adapted well
• Governments introduced
mitigating policies
• Global shocks were less severe
than predicted
-7.7% -7.5%
-10.0%
-3.4%
-5.9%
-3.8%
Bangladesh Kenya Nigeria
Simulation Official
Deviation in GDP in 2020
(from no-COVID scenario)
Smaller than expected impacts
Source: IFPRI simulations conducted in mid-2020 using multiplier analysis
3. Agriculture was a safety-net
What did we get right?
• Agri-food systems were resilient
• Rural (and poor) households
were less exposed to shocks
Long road to recovery
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Bangladesh
Kenya
Nigeria
Deviation in national poverty rate
(from no-COVID scenario)
Source: IFPRI simulations conducted in late-2021 using RIAPA model