2015 Global Nutrition Report (with audio)
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Narrated presentation by IFPRI senior researcher Lawrence Haddad from 2015 Global Nutrition Report launch event
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2015 Global Nutrition Report (with audio)
- 1. 2015
- 2. • Nutrition driving the SDGs • Progress on nutrition status • Progress on actions • Financing and capacity • Climate • Food Systems • Business • Accountability & Data • Calls to Action Outline
- 3. Nutrition driving the SDGs
- 4. Alive and thriving Intergenerational equity Human Rights Economic Benefits Why invest in improving nutrition?
- 5. 40 low and middle income countries What are the returns to scaling up nutrition interventions? Benefit-Cost Ratio 16:1 IFPRI 2014 Brazil What happens when infants are breastfed > 12 months? Income increases by 33% Victora et al. 2015 Malawi What is the cost of existing stunting? 10% of annual GDP AUC/WFP 2015 DRC, Mali, Nigeria, Togo What are the returns to scaling up nutrition specific interventions? Compound rates of return >13% World Bank 2015 What % of healthcare expenses go to obesity treatment? Brazil: 2%, Europe: 2-4%, USA: 5-20% De Oliveira et al. 2015
- 6. Wordcloud of Draft SDG Outcome Document, 12 Aug, 2015 NUTRITION BARELY REGISTERS IN THE SDGs
- 7. Progress on Nutrition Status
- 8. Progress on stunting reduction 19 15 66 60 24 39 2014 2015 On course Off course, some progress Off course, no progress Number of countries on course to meet global (WHA) targets #NutritionReport
- 9. Some progress on wasting reduction 64 63 59 67 2014 2015 On course Off course Number of countries on course to meet global (WHA) targets
- 10. 25 24 19 22 24 24 31 39 2014 2015 On course, good progress On course, at risk Off course, some progress Off course, no progress Some progress on Under 5 overweight reduction Number of countries on course to meet global (WHA) targets
- 11. Exclusive Breastfeeding Rates Less progress. Not much data. Reversals even. Number of countries on course to meet global (WHA) targets 32 10 30 6 on course off course, some progress off course, no progress off course, reversal Countries experiencing a reversal: Cuba, Egypt, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Nepal and Turkey N=78
- 12. But… number of countries that have reduced adult obesity rates WHO: 2010-2014
- 13. 39 Stunting children under 5 Wasting children under 5 Overweight children under 5 Anemia women aged 15-49 years Exclusive Breastfeeding, 0-6 months Adult Overweight + Obesity (BMI≥ 25) Adult Obesity (BMI≥ 30) Adult Diabetes high blood sugar 601579 63 84 8 115 67 39 5 32 63 242224 180 1036 190 193 185 53 Global Target Missing data Off course, little/no progress Off course, some progress On courseOn course, at risk Number of countries at various stages of progress against global targets on nutrition 3
- 14. Progress on Nutrition Actions
- 15. • Make SMART commitments • Report on them • Meet them Specific Measurable Assignable Realistic Time Bound
- 16. 30 70 SMART not SMART Percent of commitments The next set of N4G commitments must be “SMART”-er
- 17. 42 44 9 10 40 25 10 21 2014 commitments 2015 commitments met/on course off course not clear no response Percent of commitments Too many N4G signatories failed to report on commitments they made
- 18. 3 3 6 Number of nutrition specific interventions Undernutrition interventions? We don’t know enough about scaling up No comparable national data exist Comparable national data exist Only proxy comparable national data exist 12 “Lancet interventions” Bhutta et al. 2013
- 19. How to create a healthy food environment? Labeling; Marketing; Economic Incentives; Public Settings; Position of healthier foods; Raise productivity of pulses, F&V
- 20. 63 %High income Upper middle 27 % Lower middle 10 % Low income 0 % But few middle-to-low income countries have implemented policies to improve food environments Share of 67 countries that have implemented policies, by income level
- 21. Finance
- 22. Every country will need to increase its spending on nutrition policies & programs Domes
- 23. SUN member countries stepped up in 2015 Countries: How much of their budgets are allocated to nutrition? Bangladesh, Benin, Burundi, Burkina Faso, Cameroun, Chad, Comoros, Congo DRC, Costa Rica, Cote D’Ivoire, Ghana, Guatemala, Indonesia, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Maharashtra, Mauritania, Nepal, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, South Sudan, Tajikistan, The Gambia, Togo, Uganda, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia
- 24. Domestic Budget Allocations to Nutrition as % of total Government Budget Actual 1.3% Upper bound 4.1% % are medians 14 countries completed the exercise
- 25. Donor disbursements to nutrition in 2013 Total: $5bn • Specific: $1bn • Sensitive: $4bn Donors? 4% of spending to nutrition
- 26. but 13 of 29 OECD Donors spent less than $1 million on nutrition specific interventions in 2013
- 27. More resources are needed for nutrition to meet WHA undernutrition targets Spending on nutrition specific interventions, 2015-2025 x x Governments R4D and World Bank estimates for stunting reduction
- 29. 2005-6 Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Height-for-Age Z-Scores of children under 3 in India NFHS Data Lokshin and Radyakin 2012 Nutrition status is already shaped by seasons. What havoc will climate change cause? 0.2 is the median impact of complementary feeding interventions
- 30. 190 240 320 340 Vegetarian Pescetarian Mediterranean Global average diet Approx. per capita lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions; Kg of CO2- ceq/person/year Source: Adapted from Tilman and Clark 2014, Fig 4.1 Diet Choices Affect Efforts to Mitigate Climate Change
- 31. Food Systems Poor Diet is now the number 1 risk factor in the global burden of disease Lancet, September 10, 2015
- 32. Food Consumption Diversity Health and Nutrition Status Food Affordability Environ- mental Sustainability Dashboard for Food Systems (13 indicators) Food Systems How nutrition-friendly are yours?
- 33. Business
- 35. Transparency + Monitoring Trust •Register of PPPs •Nutrition Transparency Initiative •Enforcement Litigation Fund •ATNI-type disclosures •Public research Initiatives Opportunities to advance nutrition •Mobile phones •Health •Logistics •Food but…there is a massive dialogue gap
- 36. FAO, UNICEF, WHO and WFP, together with others, should • establish an inclusive, time-bound Commission • to develop a shared understanding of the roles and responsibilities of business in nutrition Once the WHO Framework for Engagement with Non-State Actors (FENSA) is completed in 2016…
- 38. Each of the 193 countries has a nutrition profile like this
- 39. 65 58 9 18 15 4 99 108 2014 2015 4 targets 3 targets 2 targets 1 target 0 targets Number of countries that can track WHA targets for WHA Data gaps are closing, but remain large
- 40. Calls to Action
- 41. Calls to Action 1. Elevate nutrition across the SDGs 2. Strengthen national accountability on nutrition 3. Strengthen the Nutrition for Growth commitments 4. Implement actions to address malnutrition 5. Find more funding for nutrition action 6. Build alliances between nutrition & climate communities 7. Develop indicators for nutrition friendly food systems 8. Build a greater shared understanding of the roles and responsibilities of business in nutrition 9. Identify the data gaps that hinder action—and fill them
- 42. G N R Want “Designer” Babies? Invest in Nutrition!
- 43. Thank You