New interleaved current fed resonant converter with significantly reduced high current side output filter for ev and hev applications

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IEEE SOFTWARE | EMBEDDED | MECHANICAL | ROBOTICS PROJECTS DEVELOPMENT
NEW INTERLEAVED CURRENT-FED RESONANT CONVERTER WITH
SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED HIGH CURRENT SIDE OUTPUT FILTER FOR EV AND
HEV APPLICATIONS
By
A
PROJECT REPORT
Submitted to the Department of electronics & communication Engineering in the
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree
Of
MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
APRIL 2016

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CERTIFICATE
Certified that this project report titled “NEW INTERLEAVED CURRENT-FED
RESONANT CONVERTER WITH SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED HIGH CURRENT
SIDE OUTPUT FILTER FOR EV AND HEV APPLICATIONS” is the bonafide work of
Mr. _____________Who carried out the research under my supervision Certified further, that to
the best of my knowledge the work reported herein does not form part of any other project report
or dissertation on the basis of which a degree or award was conferred on an earlier occasion on
this or any other candidate.
Signature of the Guide Signature of the H.O.D
Name Name

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DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the project work entitled “NEW INTERLEAVED CURRENT-FED
SIDE OUTPUT FILTER FOR EV AND HEV APPLICATIONS” Submitted to
BHARATHIDASAN UNIVERSITY in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the
Degree of MASTER OF APPLIED ELECTRONICS is a record of original work done by me the
guidance of Prof.A.Vinayagam M.Sc., M.Phil., M.E., to the best of my knowledge, the work
reported here is not a part of any other thesis or work on the basis of which a degree or award
was conferred on an earlier occasion to me or any other candidate.
(Student Name)
(Reg.No)
Place:
Date:

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am extremely glad to present my project “NEW INTERLEAVED CURRENT-FED
SIDE OUTPUT FILTER FOR EV AND HEV APPLICATIONS” which is a part of my
curriculum of third semester Master of Science in Computer science. I take this opportunity to
express my sincere gratitude to those who helped me in bringing out this project work.
I would like to express my Director, Dr. K. ANANDAN, M.A.(Eco.), M.Ed., M.Phil.,(Edn.),
PGDCA., CGT., M.A.(Psy.) of who had given me an opportunity to undertake this project.
I am highly indebted to Co-Ordinator Prof. Muniappan Department of Physics and thank from
my deep heart for her valuable comments I received through my project.
I wish to express my deep sense of gratitude to my guide
Prof. A.Vinayagam M.Sc., M.Phil., M.E., for her immense help and encouragement for
successful completion of this project.
I also express my sincere thanks to the all the staff members of Computer science for their kind
advice.
And last, but not the least, I express my deep gratitude to my parents and friends for their
encouragement and support throughout the project.

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ABSTRACT:
This paper proposes a new interleaved current-fed resonant converter with significantly
reduced high current side output filter. The proposed interleaved converter has theoretically zero
output filter capacitance, low-input current ripple, ZCS turnon and turn-off for all switches and
diodes, and zero di/dt at turn-off of diodes when operated at load independent points. A two-
stage power conversion technique is applied to the interleaved converter for high efficiency
under wide voltage range operation. A 2-Kw prototype of the proposed low-voltage dc/dc
converter for EV and HEV applications is built and tested to verify the validity of the proposed
operation.

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INTRODUCTION:
The phase shift full-bridge (PSFB) converter is widely used as the dc/dc converter
because of its small RMS current and inherent zero voltage switching (ZVS) characteristic.
Disadvantages of the PSFB converter are that turn-off current of switches is large and turn-off
losses associated with the diode reverse recovery are considerable. Also, the PSFB converter
requires snubber circuits in the rectifier side to reduce the voltage spikes generated at turn-off.
In order to reduce the turn-off losses of switches and diodes resonant converters with
ZVS or zero current switching (ZCS) capabilities, such as SRC and LLC could be considered as
candidates for the LDC. The switching frequency of the resonant converter can further be
increased due to reduced turnoff losses, which results in reduced size of passive components.
In general, the resonant converter requires output capacitor for suppression of output
ripple voltage, while the PSFB converter requires output inductor for suppression of output
ripple current. The volume of the output filter inductor or capacitor is considerable in the low-
voltage high-current application. In order to reduce the volume of the output filter, interleaved
techniques can be applied to the resonant and PSFB converters.
In order to reduce the turn-off losses of switches and diodes resonant converters with
ZVS or zero current switching (ZCS) capabilities, such as SRC and LLC could be considered as
candidates for the LDC.
The switching frequency of the resonant converter can further be increased due to
reduced turnoff losses, which results in reduced size of passive components. In general, the
resonant converter requires output capacitor for suppression of output ripple voltage, while the
PSFB converter requires output inductor for suppression of output ripple current.

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The volume of the output filter inductor or capacitor is considerable in the low-voltage
high-current application. In order to reduce the volume of the output filter, interleaved
techniques can be applied to the resonant and PSFB converters .
However, the effect of volume reduction by means of interleaving of the conventional
resonant and PSFB converters is limited, especially in the low-voltage high-current application
such as LDC.

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EXISTING SYSTEM:
The two SRC are operated at switching frequency, which is the same as the resonant
frequency and are phase shifted by π/2.The resonant tank and the load act as a voltage divider,
DC gain is always lower than 1 (maximum gain happens at the resonant frequency).The
impedance of resonant tank can be changed by varying the frequency of driving voltage

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PROPOSED SYSTEM:
The proposed converter consists of an input filter inductor, four switches, a resonant tank,
a transformer, a diode rectifier, and an output filter capacitor. The output voltage of the proposed
converter is regulated by fixed duty and variable switching frequency. The proposed converter is
the current-fed converter and, therefore, has much smaller input current ripple compared to the
SRC which is the voltage-fed converter. The voltage and current ratings of switches of the
proposed converter are higher than those of the SRC. The peak value of switch voltage of the
proposed converter is affected by characteristic impedance Z and can be limited by choosing
proper value of Z. It should be noted that the ripple current of the resonant capacitor of the
proposed converter is 40% smaller than that of the SRC, which significantly reduces cost and
volume of the resonant capacitor.

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ADVANTAGES:
 Theoretically zero output capacitance, resulting in significantly reduced output capacitor.
 Low input current ripple.
 ZCS turn-on and off for all switches and diodes without regard to voltage and load
variation.
 Zero di/dt at turn-off of diodes, resulting in negligible turn-off losses associated with the
diode reverse recovery

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BLOCK DIAGRAM:
INPUT
DC
supply
Inverter 2
with resonant
circuit
High
frequency
transformer 2
Rectifier 2
Filter
BUFFER
circuit
5VDC
OPTO coupler circuit
PIC controller
circuit
12 V
DC
Load
Inverter 1
with resonant
circuit
High
frequency
transformer 1
Rectifier 1

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TOOLS AND SOFTWARE USED:
 MPLAB – microcontroller programming.
 ORCAD – circuit layout.
 MATLAB/Simulink – Simulation

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APPLICATIONS:
 Electric Vehicles (EVs).
 Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs).
 Plug in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs).

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CONCLUSION:
This paper proposes a new two-stage interleaved current-fed resonant converter. The
current-fed resonant converter achieves ZCS turn-on and turn-off for all switches and diodes, and
has zero di/dt at turn-off of diodes when operated at load independent points. Interleaved
operation of the current-fed resonant converter has theoretically zero output filter capacitance,
resulting in significantly reduced volume of the output capacitor. A two-stage power conversion
technique is applied to the interleaved converter for high efficiency under wide voltage range
operation. A 2-kW prototype of the proposed converter has been built and tested to verify the
validity of the proposed operation. The maximum efficiency is 95.9% at 0.9 kWand full load
efficiency is 94.3%, respectively, when input voltage is 200 V. The proposed converter could be
a possible option for the LDC of EV and HEV.

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REFERENCES:
[1] A. Emadi, L. Young Joo, and K. Rajashekara, “Power electronics and motor drives in
electric, hybrid electric, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol.
55, no. 6, pp. 2237–2245, Jun. 2008.
[2] A. Emadi, S. S.Williamson, and A. Khaligh, “Power electronics intensive solutions for
advanced electric, hybrid electric, and fuel cell vehicular power systems,” IEEE Trans. Power
Electron., vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 567– 577, May 2006.
[3] I. O. Lee, S. Y. Cho, and G. W. Moon, “Improved phase-shift PWM converter for larger
sized PDP slim sustain power module,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 945–
958, Feb. 2013.
[4] F. Krismer and J.W. Kolar, “Efficiency-optimized high-current dual active bridge converter
for automotive applications,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 59, no. 7, pp. 2745–2760, Jul.
2012.
[5] S. Y. Cho, I. O. Lee, J. K. Kim, and G. W. Moon, “A new standby structure based on a
forward converter integrated with a phase-shift fullbridge converter for server power supplies,”
IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 336–346, Jan. 2013

New interleaved current fed resonant converter with significantly reduced high current side output filter for ev and hev applications

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New interleaved current fed resonant converter with significantly reduced high current side output filter for ev and hev applications