New control of pv solar farm as statcom(pv statcom) for increasing grid power transmission limits during night and day

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NEW CONTROL OF PV SOLAR FARM AS STATCOM (PV-STATCOM) FOR
INCREASING GRID POWER TRANSMISSION LIMITS DURING NIGHT AND DAY
By
A
PROJECT REPORT
Submitted to the Department of electronics & communication Engineering in the
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree
Of
MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
APRIL 2016

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CERTIFICATE
Certified that this project report titled “NEW CONTROL OF PV SOLAR FARM AS
STATCOM (PV-STATCOM) FOR INCREASING GRID POWER TRANSMISSION
LIMITS DURING NIGHT AND DAY” is the bonafide work of Mr. _____________Who
carried out the research under my supervision Certified further, that to the best of my knowledge
the work reported herein does not form part of any other project report or dissertation on the
basis of which a degree or award was conferred on an earlier occasion on this or any other
candidate.
Signature of the Guide Signature of the H.O.D
Name Name

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DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the project work entitled “NEW CONTROL OF PV SOLAR FARM AS
STATCOM (PV-STATCOM) FOR INCREASING GRID POWER TRANSMISSION
LIMITS DURING NIGHT AND DAY” Submitted to BHARATHIDASAN UNIVERSITY in
partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the Degree of MASTER OF APPLIED
ELECTRONICS is a record of original work done by me the guidance of Prof.A.Vinayagam
M.Sc., M.Phil., M.E., to the best of my knowledge, the work reported here is not a part of any
other thesis or work on the basis of which a degree or award was conferred on an earlier occasion
to me or any other candidate.
(Student Name)
(Reg.No)
Place:
Date:

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am extremely glad to present my project “TITLE NA NEW CONTROL OF PV SOLAR
FARM AS STATCOM (PV-STATCOM) FOR INCREASING GRID POWER
TRANSMISSION LIMITS DURING NIGHT AND DAY” which is a part of my curriculum
of third semester Master of Science in Computer science. I take this opportunity to express my
sincere gratitude to those who helped me in bringing out this project work.
I would like to express my Director, Dr. K. ANANDAN, M.A.(Eco.), M.Ed., M.Phil.,(Edn.),
PGDCA., CGT., M.A.(Psy.) of who had given me an opportunity to undertake this project.
I am highly indebted to Co-Ordinator Prof. Muniappan Department of Physics and thank from
my deep heart for her valuable comments I received through my project.
I wish to express my deep sense of gratitude to my guide
Prof. A.Vinayagam M.Sc., M.Phil., M.E., for her immense help and encouragement for
successful completion of this project.
I also express my sincere thanks to the all the staff members of Computer science for their kind
advice.
And last, but not the least, I express my deep gratitude to my parents and friends for their
encouragement and support throughout the project.

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ABSTRACT:
This paper presents a novel concept of utilizing a photovoltaic (PV) solar farm inverter as
STATCOM, called PV-STATCOM, for improving stable power transfer limits of the
interconnected transmission system. The entire inverter rating of the PV solar farm, which
remains dormant during nighttime, is utilized with voltage and damping controls to enhance
stable power transmission limits. During daytime, the inverter capacity left after real power
production is used to accomplish the aforementioned objective. Transient stability studies are
conducted on a realistic single machine infinite bus power system having a midpoint located PV-
STATCOM using EMTDC/PSCAD simulation software. The PV-STATCOM improves the
stable transmission limits substantially in the night and in the day even while generating large
amounts of real power. Power transfer increases are also demonstrated in the same power system
for: 1) two solar farms operating as PV-STATCOMs and 2) a solar farm as PV-STATCOM and
an inverter-based wind farm with similar STATCOM controls. This novel utilization of a PV
solar farm asset can thus improve power transmission limits which would have otherwise
required expensive additional equipment, such as series/shunt capacitors or separate flexible ac
transmission system controllers

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INTRODUCTION:
Flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) controllers are being increasingly considered
to increase the available power transfer limits/capacity (ATC) of existing transmission lines,
globally.
New research has been reported on the nighttime usage of a photovoltaic (PV) solar farm
(when it is normally dormant) where a PV solar farm is utilized as a STATCOM–a FACTS
controller, for performing voltage control, thereby improving system performance and increasing
grid connectivity of neighboring wind farms. New voltage control has also been proposed on a
PV solar farm to act as a STATCOM for improving the power transmission capacity.
Although, voltage-control functionality with PV systems have been proposed, none have
utilized the PV system for power transfer limit improvement. A full converter-based wind
turbine generator has recently been provided with FACTS capabilities for improved response
during faults and fault ride through capabilities.
This paper proposes novel voltage control, together with auxiliary damping control, for a
grid-connected PV solar farm inverter to act as a STATCOM both during night and day for
increasing transient stability and consequently the power transmission limit.
This technology of utilizing a PV solar farm as a STATCOM is called “PV-
STATCOM.” It utilizes the entire solar farm inverter capacity in the night and the remainder
inverter capacity after real power generation during the day, both of which remain unused in
conventional solar farm operation.

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Similar STATCOM control functionality can also be implemented in inverter-based wind
turbine generators during no-wind or partial wind scenarios for improving the transient stability
of the system. Studies are performed for two variants of a single-machine infinite bus (SMIB)
system.
One SMIB system uses only a single PV solar farm as PV-STATCOM connected at the
midpoint whereas the other system uses a combination of a PV-STATCOM and another PV-
STATCOM or an inverter-based wind distributed generator (DG) with similar STATCOM
functionality.

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EXISTING SYSTEM:
The FACTS is a concept based on power-electronic controllers, which enhance the value
of transmission networks by increasing the use of their capacity. As these controllers operate
very fast, they enlarge the safe operating limits of a transmission system without risking stability.
Needless to say, the era of the FACTS was triggered by the development of new solid-state
electrical switching devices. Gradually, the use of the FACTS has given rise to new controllable
systems

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PROPOSED SYSTEM:
This paper proposes novel voltage control, together with auxiliary damping control, for a
grid-connected PV solar farm inverter to act as a STATCOM both during night and day for
increasing transient stability and consequently the power transmission limit.
This technology of utilizing a PV solar farm as a STATCOM is called “PV-STATCOM.”
It utilizes the entire solar farm inverter capacity in the night and the remainder inverter capacity
after real power generation during the day, both of which remain unused in conventional solar
farm operation. Similar STATCOM control functionality can also be implemented in inverter-
based wind turbine generators during no-wind or partial wind scenarios for improving the
transient stability of the system.
Studies are performed for two variants of a single-machine infinite bus (SMIB) system.
One SMIB system uses only a single PV solar farm as PV-STATCOM connected at the midpoint
whereas the other system uses a combination of a PV-STATCOM and another PV-STATCOM
or an inverter-based wind distributed generator (DG) with similar STATCOM functionality.
Three-phase fault studies are conducted using the electromagnetic transient software
EMTDC/PSCAD, and the improvement in the stable power transmission limit is investigated for
different combinations of STATCOM controllers on the solar and wind farm inverters, both
during night and day

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ADVANTAGES:

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BLOCK DIAGRAM:
AC LOAD
L-C-LFILTER
THREE
PHASEVSI
SOLAROR
WIND
ENERGY
THREE PHASE
DRIVER
PICCONTROLLER
WITH BUFFER
5V DC 12V
DC

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TOOLS AND SOFTWARE USED:
 MPLAB – microcontroller programming.
 ORCAD – circuit layout.
 MATLAB/Simulink – Simulation

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APPLICATIONS:
 Solar farms.
 Reactive power compensation

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CONCLUSION:
Solar farms are idle during nights. A novel patent-pending control paradigm of PV solar
farms is presented where they canoperate during the night as a STATCOM with full inverter
capacity and during the day with inverter capacity remaining after real power generation, for
providing significant improvements in the power transfer limits of transmission systems. This
new control of PV solar system as STATCOM is called PV-STATCOM. The effectiveness of the
proposed controls is demonstrated on two study SMIB systems: System I has one 100-MW PV-
STATCOM and System II has one 100-MW PV-STATCOM and another 100-MW PV-
STATCOM or 100-MW wind farm controlled as STATCOM. Three different types of
STATCOM controls are proposed for the PV solar DG and inverter-based wind DG. These are
pure voltage control, pure damping control, and a combination of voltage control and damping
control.

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REFERENCES:
[1] R. M. Mathur and R. K. Varma, Thyristor-Based FACTS Controllers for Electrical
Transmission Systems. Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley/IEEE, 2002.
[2] S. A. Rahman, R. K. Varma, and W. Litzenberger, “Bibliography of FACTS applications for
grid integration of wind and PV solar power systems: 1995–2010, IEEE working group report,”
presented at the IEEE Power Energy Soc. Gen. Meeting, Detroit, MI, USA, Jul. 2011.
[3] Y. Xiao, Y. H. Song, C.-C. Liu, and Y. Z. Sun, “Available transfer capability enhancement
using FACTS devices,” IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 305–312, Feb. 2003.
[4] Cross Texas Transmission, Salt fork to gray project. 2014. [Online]. Available:
http://www.crosstexas.com/SFWind.htm
[5] R. K. Varma, V. Khadkikar, and R. Seethapathy, “Nighttime application of PV solar farm as
STATCOM to regulate grid voltage,” IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 983–985,
Dec. 2009.

New control of pv solar farm as statcom(pv statcom) for increasing grid power transmission limits during night and day

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New control of pv solar farm as statcom(pv statcom) for increasing grid power transmission limits during night and day