A family of high voltage gain single-phase hybrid switched-capacitor pfc rectifiers

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A FAMILY OF HIGH-VOLTAGE GAIN SINGLE-PHASE HYBRID SWITCHED-
CAPACITOR PFC RECTIFIERS
By
A
PROJECT REPORT
Submitted to the Department of electronics & communication Engineering in the
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree
Of
MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
APRIL 2016

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CERTIFICATE
Certified that this project report titled “A FAMILY OF HIGH-VOLTAGE GAIN SINGLE-
PHASE HYBRID SWITCHED-CAPACITOR PFC RECTIFIERS” is the bonafide work of
Mr. _____________Who carried out the research under my supervision Certified further, that to
the best of my knowledge the work reported herein does not form part of any other project report
or dissertation on the basis of which a degree or award was conferred on an earlier occasion on
this or any other candidate.
Signature of the Guide Signature of the H.O.D
Name Name

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DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the project work entitled “A FAMILY OF HIGH-VOLTAGE GAIN
SINGLE-PHASE HYBRID SWITCHED-CAPACITOR PFC RECTIFIERS” Submitted to
BHARATHIDASAN UNIVERSITY in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the
Degree of MASTER OF APPLIED ELECTRONICS is a record of original work done by me the
guidance of Prof.A.Vinayagam M.Sc., M.Phil., M.E., to the best of my knowledge, the work
reported here is not a part of any other thesis or work on the basis of which a degree or award
was conferred on an earlier occasion to me or any other candidate.
(Student Name)
(Reg.No)
Place:
Date:

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am extremely glad to present my project “A FAMILY OF HIGH-VOLTAGE GAIN
SINGLE-PHASE HYBRID SWITCHED-CAPACITOR PFC RECTIFIERS” which is a
part of my curriculum of third semester Master of Science in Computer science. I take this
opportunity to express my sincere gratitude to those who helped me in bringing out this project
work.
I would like to express my Director, Dr. K. ANANDAN, M.A.(Eco.), M.Ed., M.Phil.,(Edn.),
PGDCA., CGT., M.A.(Psy.) of who had given me an opportunity to undertake this project.
I am highly indebted to Co-Ordinator Prof. Muniappan Department of Physics and thank from
my deep heart for her valuable comments I received through my project.
I wish to express my deep sense of gratitude to my guide
Prof. A.Vinayagam M.Sc., M.Phil., M.E., for her immense help and encouragement for
successful completion of this project.
I also express my sincere thanks to the all the staff members of Computer science for their kind
advice.
And last, but not the least, I express my deep gratitude to my parents and friends for their
encouragement and support throughout the project.

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ABSTRACT:
This paper presents the derivation, the analysis, and the experimentation of a family of
unidirectional three-level PFC rectifiers, based on pulse-width-modulated hybrid switched
capacitor principle. The topologies feature reduced voltage stress across the switches, low
number of switches, control of the output voltage, and high-voltage gain without the utilization
of transformers. Experimental results for a laboratory prototype of 220 Vrms to 1600 Vdc
voltages and nominal power of 2500 W are included in the paper, to validate the theoretical
analysis, where the measured maximum efficiency reached 97.91%. The proposed converters are
suitable for applications that require rectification with unity power factor and high-voltage gain.

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INTRODUCTION:
Within the passive solutions, converters that have become popular are the voltage
multipliers, e.g., Cockcroft–Walton and Dickson converters.
These consist only of diode capacitor cells and can be cascaded in several stages in order
to increase the voltage gain. Also, this kind of structure has not controlled semiconductors,
besides having low voltage stress on the components.
However, such structures, because they operate at the frequency of the power grid,
present high capacitance, which increases the volume and cost. In addition, the current drawn
from the power grid has a strong harmonic distortion, which makes it prohibitive for some
applications.
Another drawback is the impossibility of regulating the output voltage, being the function
of output load and input voltage and, therefore, cannot operate as a universal power supply.
Within the passive solutions, converters that have become popular are the voltage
multipliers, e.g., Cockcroft–Walton and Dickson converters These consist only of
diodecapacitor cells and can be cascaded in several stages in order to increase the voltage gain.
Also, this kind of structure has not controlled semiconductors, besides having low voltage stress
on the components.
However, such structures, because they operate at the frequency of the power grid,
present high capacitance, which increases the volume and cost. In addition, the current drawn
from the power grid has a strong harmonic distortion, which makes it prohibitive for some
applications. Another drawback is the impossibility of regulating the output voltage, being the

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function of output load and input voltage and, therefore, cannot operate as a universal power
supply.
By contrast, the active PWMsolutions could have high power factor and excellent
regulation of output voltage, independent of output load and input voltage. Typically, PFC
operation is performed by storing and transferring energy from inductors.
The need for operation as PFC comes from the imposition of strict technical standard,
such as IEC 61000-3-2, which enjoin limit to amplitude of harmonic frequencies produced by the
static power converter. With the objective of increasing the voltage gain, active voltage-doubler
or three-level PWM converters are employed because they allow the voltage stress in the
semiconductors and the ripple current in the inductor to be reduced.
Additionally, these converters have low conduction and commutation losses, and high
power density. However, the three-level PWM converters present limitations concerning the
voltage range operation, typically less than 1000 V, due to restrictions of commercial
components. For higher voltages, other solutions must be used, such as converters with more
levels or galvanic isolation.
Nonetheless, it increases the number of switches, cost, and complexity Due to the
limitations of voltage multipliers and active conventional boost converters, currently the number
of topologies that combine the output characteristics of the multiplier converters operating at
high frequency (switched capacitors) with the input characteristics of conventional converters
(inductive storage) has increased. The converters that combine such features are referred to as
hybrid switched-capacitor converters (HSCC)

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EXISTING SYSTEM:
The three-level boost topology in the high power and/or high voltage single phase
applications, significant advantages will be achieved. With the three level boost converters, the
inductance of the boost inductor can be greatly reduced, and the semiconductor device voltage
rating is only half of the output voltage. As a result, the converter power density and efficiency
will be significantly increased

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PROPOSED SYSTEM:
Every converter is composed of eight to ten diodes, eight capacitors and, depending on
the topology, could have one or two power switches. The switches of the topologies are
represented by insulated gate bipolar transistors. However, other technologies of semiconductors,
e.g., MOSFET’s can be used. Due to the connection with the midpoint 0, the semiconductors are
subjected to one-quarter of the dc-link voltage in contrast to one-half of the full dc-link voltage
in typical three-level rectifiers.

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ADVANTAGES:
 Reduced number of power switches to achieve high-voltage gain.
 Reduced losses and lower number of gate-drivers circuits

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BLOCK DIAGRAM:

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TOOLS AND SOFTWARE USED:
 MPLAB – microcontroller programming.
 ORCAD – circuit layout.
 MATLAB/Simulink – Simulation.

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APPLICATIONS:
 Renewable energy systems.
 X-ray systems

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CONCLUSION:
This paper presented a newfamily of converters, derived from the HSCCs concept, to
high-voltage gain application with power factor correction. The proposed converters have three-
level operation and low number of switches. All switches are subjected to one-fourth of the
output voltage, yielding low switching losses. Also, due to the reduced number of
semiconductors in the path of current, the converters have low conduction losses. In addition, the
simulation and experimental results show that the family has input current with low harmonic
distortion and regulated output voltage. Through the experimental results, it was shown that the
family has high efficiency, where it was observed that the Type I reached maximum efficiency of
97.91%. In summary, the proposed converters are suitable for unidirectional applications where
the output voltage must be greater than 1000 V, where conventional three-level converters do not
exhibit good performance. The proposed family is a solution instead of employing passive
voltage multipliers and five-level converters.

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REFERENCES:
[1] I. C. Kobougias and E. C. Tatakis, “Optimal design of a half-wave cockcroft–walton
voltage multiplier with minimum total capacitance,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 25, no. 9,
pp. 2460–2468, Sep. 2010.
[2] P.M. Lin and L. O. Chua, “Topological generation and analysis of voltage multiplier
circuits,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst., vol. 24, no. 10, pp. 517– 530, Oct. 1977.
[3] J. Hinkson, G. Behrsing, E. Hazelton, W. Hearn, and H. Lancaster, “A new, rugged, high
power cockcroft-walton power supply,” IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 2961–2963,
Jun. 1981.
[4] J. S. Brugler, “Theoretical performance of voltage multiplier circuits,” IEEE J. Solid-State
Circuits., vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 132–135, Jun. 1971.
[5] B. Axelrod, Y. Berkovich, A. Shenkman, and G. Golan, “Diode-capacitor voltage multipliers
combined with boost-converters: Topologies and characteristics,” IET Power Electron., vol. 5,
pp. 873–884, 2012.

A family of high voltage gain single-phase hybrid switched-capacitor pfc rectifiers

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A family of high voltage gain single-phase hybrid switched-capacitor pfc rectifiers