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© Copyright 2022 by K&L Gates LLP. All rights reserved.
Jason Putnam Gordon, K&L Gates LLP
January 13, 2022
How to Do a Venture Capital
Financing
Idea to IPO
IMPORTANT CAVEATS
 Today’s Discussion is General Information – Not Legal
Advice
 We will be discussing rules and exceptions thereto.
Those rules, exceptions, and exceptions to the
exceptions may not be applicable to your situation.
 You need to retain competent legal counsel to review all
facts and circumstances before weighing in with advice.
 Off-the-cuff answers to your questions are not, and
should not be taken as, legal advice.
klgates.com 2
OVERVIEW
 My Background
 Venture Model
 Ideal VC Investors
 Preliminary Considerations
 Term Sheet Negotiation
 Deal Documentation
 Diligence
 Side Letters
 Closing and Post-Closing Issues
klgates.com 3
Background
 Venture Capital and Emerging
Growth Company attorney-
practicing law since 2005.
 My office is in San Francisco,
but I work with companies
throughout the US and the
world.
 I love working with
entrepreneurs on financings
and as outside corporate
counsel.
klgates.com 4
Jason P. Gordon
Partner
+1.415.882.8124
Jason.Gordon@klgates.com
Review of Audience Survey
klgates.com 5
Venture Model (continued)
klgates.com 6
Investors
(Capital)
Idea(s)
(Intangible Assets)
Technicians who have
skills like: sales,
marketing, business
acumen
(Services)
Company Increases in Value
Venture Capital Model (continued)
klgates.com 7
Figures are for illustrative purposes and should not be interpreted to be applicable to
your situation.
WHO MAKES A GOOD INVESTOR (AND
HOW TO FIND THEM)
 Investor Objectives
 Traditional VC Funds
 Build a portfolio where a few companies will be home runs
 Fund’s life is usually around 10 years
 Angel investors have different considerations
 Strategic investors have different considerations
 Company’s Objectives
 Investors that will add value beyond dollars
contributed
 Investors that will be supportive of the company
klgates.com 8
PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS
 Correct structure
 Modeling round
 Style of Deal
 NVCA – https://nvca.org/model-legal-documents/
 NVCA-light
 Series Seed – https://www.seriesseed.com
 Other
klgates.com 9
PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS:
DEFINITIONS
 Pre-money valuation – the value of the company before
the next round investment
 Post-money valuation – the value of the company after
the round of investment
 Fully-diluted basis – all common stock and anything that
can be converted to (or may become) common stock,
e.g., preferred stock, warrants, options, or option pool
 When dealing with convertible securities, assumptions must be
made and should be scrutinized.
 Names for Priced Rounds
klgates.com 10
Preliminary Considerations:
Definitions Applied
klgates.com 11
Pre-money Valuation
New Investment
Post-money Valuation
$40,000,000
$10,000,000
$50,000,000
$40,000,000 pre-money valuation /
37,000,000 pre-money shares =
$1.0811 price/share
$10,000,000 new investment / $1.0811
price/share =
9,250,000 new shares
issued
Format and figures are for illustrative purposes and should not be interpreted to be applicable to your situation
Term Sheet Negotiation: Typical Term Sheet
Terms
 How much of the company is
being sold based on a
valuation
 Dividends
 Liquidation Preferences
 Voting Rights
 Protective Provisions
 Optional and Mandatory
Conversion
 Legal Opinion
 ROFR & Co-Sale
 Drag Along
 Registration Rights
 Anti-dilution Protection
 Vesting for Founders
 Documentation
 Attorneys Fees
 No Shop and Confidentiality
Provisions
 Whether investors will get a
board seat and/or observer
seat
 Pro Rata Rights
klgates.com 12
DEAL DOCUMENTATION
 Main Financing Documents
 Stock Purchase Agreement
 Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation
 Investors Rights Agreement
 Voting Agreement
 Right of First Refusal and Co-Sale Agreement
 Other documents
 Board and stockholder consents
 Waivers
 Side letters (discussed in a moment)
 Pro Forma Cap Table
 Potentially a legal opinion
 Cleanup
klgates.com 13
DEAL DOCUMENTATION: SIDE LETTERS
 Letter agreements outside of the main financing
documents
 Common rights include
 Information rights
 Observer seat
 Pro Rata Rights
 Commercial agreements
 Other risk-mitigating related covenants
klgates.com 14
DILIGENCE PROCESS
 Steps
 Investor request for information
 Open up a data room
 Topics
 Corporate records
 Business plan and financials
 Security Issuances
 Material Agreements
 Disputes and Litigation
 Intellectual Property
 Subsidiaries
 Miscellaneous
klgates.com 15
INTERFACE BETWEEN DEAL
DOCUMENTATION AND DILIGENCE
 Diligence –
 The process during which investors obtain information about the
company to identify and assess risk investment is made.
 Deal Documentation –
 The representations in the stock purchase agreement provide
statements of fact regarding categories of risk, which when read
connection with the disclosure schedule accurately conveys the
information by which the investors can assess risk.
 Covenants, commonly in the Investors’ Rights Agreement are
contractual obligations that the company must undertake post
closing.
klgates.com 16
CLOSING AND POST-CLOSING ISSUES
 Typical Order of Operation of Closing
 Board consent
 Stockholder consent
 Filing charter
 Then closing can happen usually with escrowed signature pages
 Typical post-closing action items
 Securities filings
 228 Notices
 Issuing stock certificates
 Closing binder
klgates.com 17
COMMON PITFALLS AND TRAPS FOR THE
UNWARY
 Negotiating before you have run a proper pro
forma
 Securities laws issues
 Finders
 Poor record keeping
 Napkin promises
klgates.com 18
Questions/Comments
How to Do a Venture Capital Financing

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How to Do a Venture Capital Financing

  • 1. © Copyright 2022 by K&L Gates LLP. All rights reserved. Jason Putnam Gordon, K&L Gates LLP January 13, 2022 How to Do a Venture Capital Financing Idea to IPO
  • 2. IMPORTANT CAVEATS  Today’s Discussion is General Information – Not Legal Advice  We will be discussing rules and exceptions thereto. Those rules, exceptions, and exceptions to the exceptions may not be applicable to your situation.  You need to retain competent legal counsel to review all facts and circumstances before weighing in with advice.  Off-the-cuff answers to your questions are not, and should not be taken as, legal advice. klgates.com 2
  • 3. OVERVIEW  My Background  Venture Model  Ideal VC Investors  Preliminary Considerations  Term Sheet Negotiation  Deal Documentation  Diligence  Side Letters  Closing and Post-Closing Issues klgates.com 3
  • 4. Background  Venture Capital and Emerging Growth Company attorney- practicing law since 2005.  My office is in San Francisco, but I work with companies throughout the US and the world.  I love working with entrepreneurs on financings and as outside corporate counsel. klgates.com 4 Jason P. Gordon Partner +1.415.882.8124 Jason.Gordon@klgates.com
  • 5. Review of Audience Survey klgates.com 5
  • 6. Venture Model (continued) klgates.com 6 Investors (Capital) Idea(s) (Intangible Assets) Technicians who have skills like: sales, marketing, business acumen (Services) Company Increases in Value
  • 7. Venture Capital Model (continued) klgates.com 7 Figures are for illustrative purposes and should not be interpreted to be applicable to your situation.
  • 8. WHO MAKES A GOOD INVESTOR (AND HOW TO FIND THEM)  Investor Objectives  Traditional VC Funds  Build a portfolio where a few companies will be home runs  Fund’s life is usually around 10 years  Angel investors have different considerations  Strategic investors have different considerations  Company’s Objectives  Investors that will add value beyond dollars contributed  Investors that will be supportive of the company klgates.com 8
  • 9. PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS  Correct structure  Modeling round  Style of Deal  NVCA – https://nvca.org/model-legal-documents/  NVCA-light  Series Seed – https://www.seriesseed.com  Other klgates.com 9
  • 10. PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS: DEFINITIONS  Pre-money valuation – the value of the company before the next round investment  Post-money valuation – the value of the company after the round of investment  Fully-diluted basis – all common stock and anything that can be converted to (or may become) common stock, e.g., preferred stock, warrants, options, or option pool  When dealing with convertible securities, assumptions must be made and should be scrutinized.  Names for Priced Rounds klgates.com 10
  • 11. Preliminary Considerations: Definitions Applied klgates.com 11 Pre-money Valuation New Investment Post-money Valuation $40,000,000 $10,000,000 $50,000,000 $40,000,000 pre-money valuation / 37,000,000 pre-money shares = $1.0811 price/share $10,000,000 new investment / $1.0811 price/share = 9,250,000 new shares issued Format and figures are for illustrative purposes and should not be interpreted to be applicable to your situation
  • 12. Term Sheet Negotiation: Typical Term Sheet Terms  How much of the company is being sold based on a valuation  Dividends  Liquidation Preferences  Voting Rights  Protective Provisions  Optional and Mandatory Conversion  Legal Opinion  ROFR & Co-Sale  Drag Along  Registration Rights  Anti-dilution Protection  Vesting for Founders  Documentation  Attorneys Fees  No Shop and Confidentiality Provisions  Whether investors will get a board seat and/or observer seat  Pro Rata Rights klgates.com 12
  • 13. DEAL DOCUMENTATION  Main Financing Documents  Stock Purchase Agreement  Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation  Investors Rights Agreement  Voting Agreement  Right of First Refusal and Co-Sale Agreement  Other documents  Board and stockholder consents  Waivers  Side letters (discussed in a moment)  Pro Forma Cap Table  Potentially a legal opinion  Cleanup klgates.com 13
  • 14. DEAL DOCUMENTATION: SIDE LETTERS  Letter agreements outside of the main financing documents  Common rights include  Information rights  Observer seat  Pro Rata Rights  Commercial agreements  Other risk-mitigating related covenants klgates.com 14
  • 15. DILIGENCE PROCESS  Steps  Investor request for information  Open up a data room  Topics  Corporate records  Business plan and financials  Security Issuances  Material Agreements  Disputes and Litigation  Intellectual Property  Subsidiaries  Miscellaneous klgates.com 15
  • 16. INTERFACE BETWEEN DEAL DOCUMENTATION AND DILIGENCE  Diligence –  The process during which investors obtain information about the company to identify and assess risk investment is made.  Deal Documentation –  The representations in the stock purchase agreement provide statements of fact regarding categories of risk, which when read connection with the disclosure schedule accurately conveys the information by which the investors can assess risk.  Covenants, commonly in the Investors’ Rights Agreement are contractual obligations that the company must undertake post closing. klgates.com 16
  • 17. CLOSING AND POST-CLOSING ISSUES  Typical Order of Operation of Closing  Board consent  Stockholder consent  Filing charter  Then closing can happen usually with escrowed signature pages  Typical post-closing action items  Securities filings  228 Notices  Issuing stock certificates  Closing binder klgates.com 17
  • 18. COMMON PITFALLS AND TRAPS FOR THE UNWARY  Negotiating before you have run a proper pro forma  Securities laws issues  Finders  Poor record keeping  Napkin promises klgates.com 18