Key Elements of Australian Wiring Standards

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Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
Key Elements of the
AS3000 Wiring
Standards and some of
the recent changes.

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Steve Mackay
• Dean of Engineering
• Worked for 30 years in Industrial Automation
• 30 years experience in mining, oil and gas, electrical
and manufacturing industries

Practical Electrical Wiring
Standards
- AS 3000:2007

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In this module we discuss:
• Course contents
• Background and importance of the standards and regulations
• AS/NZS 3000 preface
• Objectives of AS/NZS 3000
• Contents of AS/NZS 3000 and main features

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Total workshop outline
• Fundamentals of electrical distribution systems
• Common risks and hazards associated with Electricity use
• Safety norms and considerations to prevent and avoid such
common hazards
• Basic requirements of AS/NZS:3000-2007 Wiring Rules
• Contents and stipulations of AS/NZS 3000 to ensure safe and
reliable electrical installations
• Simple procedures / calculations as per AS/NZS 3000 related to
main and earthing conductor sizes, maximum demand, voltage
drops, etc.
• Mandatory checks and tests on an installation prior to
energisation as per the standard.

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Need for the regulations
• Homogeneous regulations ensure availability of consumer items
and their easy replacements or interchanges as and when
needed, with minimum constraints.
• Helps in selection of correct and matching devices satisfying the
expected performance needs.
• Ensure consistent quality and performance reliability for the
equipments and installations.

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Main objective of AS/NZS 3000
• To define minimum requirements to be followed for the
design, construction and testing of electrical equipment and
installation in a safe manner so as to protect persons,
livestock and property from electric shock, fire and physical
injury hazards that may arise from the installation.
• Above objective is valid for new installations as well as for
modifications/ additions to the existing ones

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How AS/NZS 3000 ensures safety?
By providing:
• Stipulations and practices to be followed for protection against
risks and consequent hazards
• Requirements to be met by the system, equipments, accessories
and installation to meet these stipulations and practices
• Mandatory verification and testing to ensure installation and
equipments comply with the stipulated safety norms

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Application areas
• Electrical installations in all types of premises and land used by
electricity consumers.
• Reference for requirements relating to electrical installations in
matters such as
– Safety of workplaces. (Occupational Health and Safety
legislation and associated codes).
– Safe design/construction of buildings (like Building Code of
Australia, New Zealand Building Code)
– Electricity generation, T & D systems.
– Safe connection to electricity distribution systems.
– Qualifications of electricity workers.

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AS3000:2007 edition
• Approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia and
New Zealand and published on 12th
November 2007.
• Increased illustration diagrams on concepts and stipulations
including additional practical examples based on feedback from
2000 edition users.
• Two parts with Part 1 (Section 1) covering Scope, application and
fundamental principles and is generally complete in itself to
avoid cross-referencing to Part 2 (Sections 2-8).
• Establish the ‘deemed to comply’ status of AS/NZS 3018 relating
to simple domestic applications

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Some Important Changes
• Illustration of normal and alternative location of over current
devices and its omission as well.
• Single main switch (per tariff) for a single domestic
installation.
• Arc fault protection MUST for all switchboards with a nominal
supply rated above 800 A
• Use of residual current devices (RCDs) to all socket outlet and
lighting circuits up to 20 A
• Maximum three circuits connected to any one RCD.
• Voltage drop of up to 7% where a substation is located within
the premises.
• Inclusion of additional appendices

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AS3000:2007 contents
• Part-1 aligned with IEC 60364 for essential safety.
• Part-2 (Sections 2 to 8) stipulates practices to be followed in
the systems to achieve safety
• Failure to comply with a work method provision in Part 2
would breach high level safety conditions of Part 1
• Alternative mechanism to Part-2 stipulations is acceptable
subject to satisfying the objectives of Part -1.
• Testing and inspection provisions updated and aligned with
AS/NZS 3017, including provisions for periodic inspection in
accordance with AS/NZS 3019.

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Section 1: Scope, application and
fundamental principles
• Definitions for various electrical terms
• Protection requirements to minimize hazards
• Principles of protection
• Basic requirements for design and installation of electrical
systems
• Requirements for new installations
• Requirements for additions and modifications to an existing
installation

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Section 2 - General Arrangement,
Control and Protection
• Switchgear and control gear arrangements for protection
against hazards.
• Control of the electrical installation (or parts thereof) by
suitable switching arrangements.
• Protection against fault conditions.
• Coordination of protective devices
• Design, selection and installation of switch boards.

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Section 3 - Selection and
installation of wiring system
• Protection against external influences and environmental
conditions
• Steps to avoid mutual detrimental influences among multiple
conductors
• Requirements to meet current-carrying capacity, voltage drop,
etc
• Practices for connections, joints and terminations to improve
reliability
• Identification for safety and maintenance
• Fire protective measures

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Section 4 - Selection and Installation of
appliances and accessories
• Installation requirements of motors, transformers, Capacitors,
heating systems, lighting systems, UPS and standby sources,
etc. to ensure
– protection against physical injury.
– protection from thermal effects.
– Safe and reliable circuit connection
– proper isolation and switching under abnormal conditions
– Protective devices and their features

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Section 5 - Earthing Arrangements
& Earthing Conductors
• Protective and functional earthing
• Recommended earthing resistance values
• Mechanical protection appropriate to the assessed conditions
of external influence
• Sizing and selection of earthing electrodes and conductors.

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Section 6 - Damp situations
• Safety concerns in damp areas
• Area classifications in bath rooms, showers, pools, fountains,
saunas, etc based on level of safety needed.
• Selection and Installation practices for Electrical equipment
in classified areas to achieve the desired level of safety

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Section 7 - Special Electrical
installations
• Safety services
• Electricity generation systems.
• Electrical separation systems.
• Extra-low voltage electrical installations.
• High voltage electrical installations.
• Explosive / Hazardous areas.
• Miscellaneous installations like Construction/ demolition sites,
medical treatment areas, cranes/hoists, lifts, generating sets,
carnivals, telecom network power supplies, etc

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Section 8 - Verification
• Minimum inspection and test procedures to check compliance
of an installation to AS/NZS 3000 wiring rules before putting
into service covering
– Inspection checklists.
– Mandatory tests
– Sequence of tests before/ after energisation
– Recommended results for acceptance

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Appendices to AS/NZS 3000
A. Referenced Standards/ documents
B. Circuit Protection Guide (circuit arrangements, protection
coordination, etc)
C. Circuit Arrangements (MD, voltage drop calculations, conduit
limitations, etc)
D. Posts, poles and structures for aerial line conductors
E. National Building Code requirements
F. Installation of Surge Protective Devices

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Appendices to AS/NZS 3000
G. Degrees of Protection (IP classification) of enclosed equipment
H. Classification of wiring systems (WS)
I. Protection devices for existing installations carrying out
alterations.
J. Symbols used in this standard
K. Deleted (HV installation requirements)
L. Shock survival guide – Australia
M. Shock survival guide – New Zealand

Practical Electrical Wiring
Standards
- AS 3000:2007
Electrical Distribution Systems

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In this module we discuss
• Evolution of electrical distribution systems
• AC systems and DC systems
• Polyphase AC circuits
• Vectorial representations
• Advantages of three phase systems
• AC system connections
• HV and LV distributions systems
• Importance of Earthing
• Importance of Testing and verification
• Distribution systems in special locations

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Energy Sources
• Conventional energy sources
– Involves a combustion process
– Depletion of natural resources like coal, oil, etc.
– Major Air Pollution contributors
• Non conventional/Renewable energy sources
– Combustion process not a must
– Use sun, wind, etc. directly to produce power
– Bio degradable wastes also can be used
– Air pollution is avoided
• However conventional sources still rule the world

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Initial Distribution systems
Considerations
• A source and a load
• Conductors that carry the load current from the source to the
load
S o u r c eS
C o n d u c t o r s

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Distribution systems Today
• Hundreds of large size power sources
• Millions of consumers and industry loads
separated by long distances
• Multiple sources for continuity of power
supply with interlocks and changeover
schemes.

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AC and DC Power
• Direction of flow of electrons decide the type
• Initial inventions based on DC
• Power Generators comprise of conductors and magnetic field
with relative motion that results in current flow in conductors
• AC power gained importance with
– Invention of transformers
– Advantages in Long distance transmission
– Easier conversion to DC

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Three phase AC
• More power with three phase system compared to
single phase system
• Economical advantage - Least conductor size to
transfer 3 phase power
• Convenient and cost effective power generation
from rotating generators with different prime
movers

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AC vectors

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3 phase AC vectors

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3 phase connections

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Protection
• Need for Protection
– Safety for persons/livestock
– Enhanced system life
– Safety from consequent hazards like fires, etc
after faults
• Fault conditions – High voltage and High currents
• Protections needed against over current and earth
fault conditions in any system irrespective of the
voltage
• Protection methods and fault currents impacted by
earthing practices

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Need for Earthing
• Basic safety ensured by keeping the contact
surfaces of live systems at or near ground
(zero) potential
• Permits easy fault detection using earth as a
path for flow of currents from fault point to
source thereby preventing catastrophic
accidents

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Earthing - Definitions
• Earth - The conductive mass of the Earth whose electric
potential at any point is conventionally taken as zero.
• Protective Earthing - Connection of exposed conductive parts
of an installation to the earth through earthing terminals to
protect against direct and indirect contacts.
• Functional Earthing - Earth connection for proper functioning
of equipment and not providing safety.
• Earthing Terminal - The terminal or bar provided for the
connection of protective conductors, bonding conductors,
and functional earthing conductors to the earth.

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Flow of Fault current

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Protective Earthing functions
• To reduce electric shock hazards to personnel.
• Sensing of fault current by a circuit protective device to safely
isolate the faulty circuit from the power source
• Earth path of adequate rating and reduced let-through energy by
circuit protective devices minimize fire or explosion hazard
• Path for conducting away leakage capacitive currents and
accumulated static charges.
• Entire LV installation as near earth potential as practicable when
an accidental contact to a higher voltage system occurs to
minimize hazards

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Common Electrical Hazards
• AS/NZS 3000-2007 provides the regulations for protections
against all the following hazards
– Thermal effects
– Over current (Overloads) and short circuit (Faults)
– Overvoltage
– Under voltage

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Thank You For Your Interest
If you are interested in further training, please visit:
http://www.idc-online.com/slideshare

Key Elements of Australian Wiring Standards

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