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The Science (and art) of finding hidden losses and lost sales 
Presented by: Ian Foster
How much of your inventory is lost every day? 
20% To 30% 
20% 
30% 
Sources: “Beverage Institute”; California Restaurant Association; Bevinco
How do these losses occur? 
Cause: 
Loss at cost 
Loss at retail 
Spillage/waste 
100% 
Missing inventory 
100% 
Free Drinks 
100% 
Missing revenue 
100% 
Over-pouring 
50% 
50%
•Shrinkage losses under 2% 
•Average shrinkage of 20+% 
•Spend $billions to control shrinkage 
•Inventory control compares units sold to units used 
•Majority of owners don’t think they have a problem 
•Inventory control cost of goods sold as % of sales 
Retail vs Bars
Why does our industry have such high losses? 
•Bartenders control both liquor AND cash 
•Bartenders main source of remuneration: tips 
•Operators use outdated and misleading methods to analyze bar profitability (pour cost)
The Problem with Pour Cost 
…what do you compare it to? 
Prior Months?
22% pour cost looks good here: 
What do you compare it to? 
17% 
18% 
19% 
20% 
21% 
22% 
23% 
24% 
25% 
Jan Feb March April May June July August 
22% pour cost = 
happy bar owner
17% 
18% 
19% 
20% 
21% 
22% 
23% 
24% 
25% 
Jan Feb March April May June July August 
But not when you look at the ideal pour cost! 
PC doesn’t measure 
bar performance 
Knowing you 
should be at 
17% changes 
everything!
You cannot rely on pour cost to tell you if you have a problem 
For two reasons… 
Why Pour cost hides losses
1) Every drink has a different pour cost 
Product Drink Cost Price Pour Cost 
Vodka & Tonic .19¢ $3.50 5.4% 
Margarita .35¢ $4.50 7.8% 
Grey Goose $1.34 $6.50 20.6% 
Glenfiddich $1.50 $7.00 21.4% 
Baileys & Coffee $1.00 $4.50 22.2% 
Grand Marnier $1.64 $6.50 25.2% 
Goose Martini $2.68 $9.00 29.8% 
Bud draft .64¢ $3.00 21.3% 
Bud bottle .76¢ $3.25 23.4% 
Heineken bottle $1.11 $3.75 29.6% 
Guinness draft $1.29 $4.00 32.3% 
Gls House Cab $1.01 $3.50 28.9% 
Btl Stags Leap Cab $22 $58 37.9% 
Dom Perignon $110 $195 56.4% 
When pour costs range 
from 5% to as high as 
56%, how do you pick a 
target pour cost? 
Even bars happy with their 
pour costs invariably find 
that their p.c. should be 
two to four points lower
Summer 
December 
2) Sales Ratios vary all the time
Unit analysis is used in retail: 
Visibility on every drink, every brand, every ounce
What is the cost of this missing drink? 
Brand 
Used 
Sold 
Missing 
Crown Royal 
5 oz 
3.75 oz 
-1.25 oz
Reason 
Cost 
Bartender drinks it 
75¢ 
Spilled 
75¢ 
Theft 
$5 
The cost depends on the reason for the loss 
Over-poured 
Sometimes 75¢… 
…but usually $5
Eliminating losses: The four keys to using unit analysis
#1 measure efficiency 
20% Ideal Pour Cost 
÷ 24% Actual Pour Cost 
= 83% Bevinco Efficiency Rating 
Measure the right thing
#2 institute controls that deter shrinkage 
Cash controls 
•Monitor and track void, spillage and comp reports 
•Question no-sale transactions 
•Blind cash drops 
•Cash drawers should remain closed between transactions 
“trust, but verify”
#2 Controls (continued) 
Other controls 
•Inventory counts and controls should not be performed by staff 
•Check deliveries 
•No staff drinks/staff need to drink at table, not bar
Drinks get rung up first
Eliminate “open” liquor keys
Customized drink mix recipe guide:
Oversight and coaching 
•10-minute “stop and stare” 
•Testing: recipes/portion-control 
•Coaching
#3 Hold Management Accountable 
•More efficient than trying to hold every bartender accountable 
•More effective 
•Managers are paid to do exactly that, manage 
•Most can do a great job if they are motivated 
Bonus on the right thing
Management Bonus Program 
•Bonus is more effective than straight salary 
•But a bonus based on efficiency, 
not on a pour cost target
Management Bonus Program 
•Example: manager making $50,000/year: 
•Pay $40k base salary with a weekly bonus every week based on the Bevinco Efficiency Rating: 
•95% - $200/week 
•96% - $230/week 
•97% - $260/week 
•98% - $290/week 
•99% - $320/week 
•Over 100%, drops $60/week each point over 100
Management Bonus Program 
•Manager hitting 95 would make his old salary 
$40,000 + (52 x $200) = $50,400 
•Hitting 98 every week = $5,080 extra income
•Awareness/Coaching 
•Bartender meeting 
•Recipes 
•Coaching/training 
•Group consequences 
•Bar Policy statement 
•Pour testing 
•Slower pour spouts 
•Additional bartenders on shifts 
•Individual consequences 
•X-Reading 
•Beer bottle counts 
•Daily audits 
•Suspensions/Termination 
#4 Escalating Consequences
Brand 
Oz Used 
Oz Sold 
Oz Missing 
% Missing 
Glenfiddich 
2.45 
1.5 
-0.95 
-38.8% 
Rung up by Karla at 11:45pm on check #13746 
Daily Audits
Eliminating the losses: Draft Beer
Train bartenders to pour draft
Track losses in real-time using flow meters 
16.98oz pour = 
2-½ oz over-pour 
Pint not rung up 
Get text alerts in real-time: 
• If beer isn’t rung up 
• If beer is poured after-hours 
• If cooler temperature rises
Know where losses are going
Real-time inventory 
Month-end inventory valuation 
Better ordering
Flow meter ROI is very high 
Calculate the Return-on-Investment 
20%-30% 
losses 
100%+ ROI: if 
you sell at least 
½ keg per week 
per tap
FOBS pay for themselves
Why is head good?
Looking After Regulars: Over-Pouring vs. Comping
How are you looking after your regulars? 
•Over-pouring 
•Impossible to manage 
•Who gets over-pour? 
•How big a portion? 
•Taken for granted by your guests 
•Very expensive: 
•Over-poured drink becomes the new “normal”
•Comping 
•Easily managed 
•Who is being comped?; by whom?; how often? 
•Highly valued by your guests 
•Much cheaper Best practice: Manager must sign off on comp 
How are you looking after your regulars?
Better Ordering: Constantly adjusting pars are the key
Inefficient Ordering 
•Why are you “out-of-stock” so often when you have $8,000 too much inventory? 
•How come we have 2 full bottles of Galliano but we haven’t sold a Harvey Wallbanger since 1974?
Inefficient Ordering 
•Liquor Salesman 
•Empty Bottle > Full Bottle 
•Bar Manager’s experience & intuition 
•Historical Pars
Just-in-Time Inventory 
Japanese Management Practice
Ordering with InteliPar 
1) Calculate peak weekly usage 2) Add a safety margin/”buffer” 3) Adjust for changing usage patterns 4) Accounts for lag time until delivery
How much inventory? 
33¢ for every $1 of sales 
Turnover ratio of 35x
What is Turnover Ratio? 
Cost of Goods Sold during the Past 12 Months 
Current Inventory Value 
= 35 
÷
Eliminate Excess Inventory 
•Pour as well liquor 
•Drink Specials 
•Use it in the kitchen 
•Sell it to your staff at cost 
•Give it away – sales contest
POS Setup
SPEED KEY 
DOUBLE JACK 
DANIELS 
GREY GOOSE 
MARTINI 
Dumbing down your P.O.S.
Dumbing down your P.O.S. 
•“Speed keys” turn a $20,000 POS system into a $200 register
Double keys = lost profits 
Drink 
Price 
Profit 
Up-sell Profit 
Drink 
Price 
Profit 
Up-sell Profit 
Well tequila 
$3.50 
$3.12 
Patron Anejo 
$10.00 
$7.12 
$4.00 
“Double” key adds $2.50 to price 
Dbl Well teq 
$6.00 
$5.20 
Dbl Patron 
$12.50 
$6.75 
$1.55 
Drink 
Price 
Profit 
Up-sell Profit 
“Double” key adds $2.50 to price
Martini bump keys = lost profits 
Drink 
Price 
Profit 
Up-sell Profit 
5.50 
Drink 
Price 
Profit 
Up-sell Profit 
Well vodka 
$3.50 
$3.20 
Grey Goose 
$6.50 
$5.00 
$1.80 
Martini “bump” key adds $2.50 to price 
Well martini 
$6.00 
$5.40 
Goose martini 
$9.00 
$6.00 
60¢ 
Martini “bump” key adds $2.50 to price
Every drink at optimal price 
Drink 
Price 
Profit 
Up-sell Profit 
Well vodka 
$3.50 
$3.20 
Grey Goose 
$6.50 
$5.00 
$1.80 
Well martini 
$5.50 
$4.90 
Goose martini 
$10.50 
$7.00 
$2.10
Newsletter: sign up by sending an e-mail to: foster@sculpturehospitality.com

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Science of finding hidden losses ian foster from sculpture hospitality

  • 1. The Science (and art) of finding hidden losses and lost sales Presented by: Ian Foster
  • 2. How much of your inventory is lost every day? 20% To 30% 20% 30% Sources: “Beverage Institute”; California Restaurant Association; Bevinco
  • 3. How do these losses occur? Cause: Loss at cost Loss at retail Spillage/waste 100% Missing inventory 100% Free Drinks 100% Missing revenue 100% Over-pouring 50% 50%
  • 4. •Shrinkage losses under 2% •Average shrinkage of 20+% •Spend $billions to control shrinkage •Inventory control compares units sold to units used •Majority of owners don’t think they have a problem •Inventory control cost of goods sold as % of sales Retail vs Bars
  • 5. Why does our industry have such high losses? •Bartenders control both liquor AND cash •Bartenders main source of remuneration: tips •Operators use outdated and misleading methods to analyze bar profitability (pour cost)
  • 6. The Problem with Pour Cost …what do you compare it to? Prior Months?
  • 7. 22% pour cost looks good here: What do you compare it to? 17% 18% 19% 20% 21% 22% 23% 24% 25% Jan Feb March April May June July August 22% pour cost = happy bar owner
  • 8. 17% 18% 19% 20% 21% 22% 23% 24% 25% Jan Feb March April May June July August But not when you look at the ideal pour cost! PC doesn’t measure bar performance Knowing you should be at 17% changes everything!
  • 9. You cannot rely on pour cost to tell you if you have a problem For two reasons… Why Pour cost hides losses
  • 10. 1) Every drink has a different pour cost Product Drink Cost Price Pour Cost Vodka & Tonic .19¢ $3.50 5.4% Margarita .35¢ $4.50 7.8% Grey Goose $1.34 $6.50 20.6% Glenfiddich $1.50 $7.00 21.4% Baileys & Coffee $1.00 $4.50 22.2% Grand Marnier $1.64 $6.50 25.2% Goose Martini $2.68 $9.00 29.8% Bud draft .64¢ $3.00 21.3% Bud bottle .76¢ $3.25 23.4% Heineken bottle $1.11 $3.75 29.6% Guinness draft $1.29 $4.00 32.3% Gls House Cab $1.01 $3.50 28.9% Btl Stags Leap Cab $22 $58 37.9% Dom Perignon $110 $195 56.4% When pour costs range from 5% to as high as 56%, how do you pick a target pour cost? Even bars happy with their pour costs invariably find that their p.c. should be two to four points lower
  • 11. Summer December 2) Sales Ratios vary all the time
  • 12. Unit analysis is used in retail: Visibility on every drink, every brand, every ounce
  • 13. What is the cost of this missing drink? Brand Used Sold Missing Crown Royal 5 oz 3.75 oz -1.25 oz
  • 14. Reason Cost Bartender drinks it 75¢ Spilled 75¢ Theft $5 The cost depends on the reason for the loss Over-poured Sometimes 75¢… …but usually $5
  • 15. Eliminating losses: The four keys to using unit analysis
  • 16. #1 measure efficiency 20% Ideal Pour Cost ÷ 24% Actual Pour Cost = 83% Bevinco Efficiency Rating Measure the right thing
  • 17. #2 institute controls that deter shrinkage Cash controls •Monitor and track void, spillage and comp reports •Question no-sale transactions •Blind cash drops •Cash drawers should remain closed between transactions “trust, but verify”
  • 18. #2 Controls (continued) Other controls •Inventory counts and controls should not be performed by staff •Check deliveries •No staff drinks/staff need to drink at table, not bar
  • 19. Drinks get rung up first
  • 21. Customized drink mix recipe guide:
  • 22. Oversight and coaching •10-minute “stop and stare” •Testing: recipes/portion-control •Coaching
  • 23. #3 Hold Management Accountable •More efficient than trying to hold every bartender accountable •More effective •Managers are paid to do exactly that, manage •Most can do a great job if they are motivated Bonus on the right thing
  • 24. Management Bonus Program •Bonus is more effective than straight salary •But a bonus based on efficiency, not on a pour cost target
  • 25. Management Bonus Program •Example: manager making $50,000/year: •Pay $40k base salary with a weekly bonus every week based on the Bevinco Efficiency Rating: •95% - $200/week •96% - $230/week •97% - $260/week •98% - $290/week •99% - $320/week •Over 100%, drops $60/week each point over 100
  • 26. Management Bonus Program •Manager hitting 95 would make his old salary $40,000 + (52 x $200) = $50,400 •Hitting 98 every week = $5,080 extra income
  • 27. •Awareness/Coaching •Bartender meeting •Recipes •Coaching/training •Group consequences •Bar Policy statement •Pour testing •Slower pour spouts •Additional bartenders on shifts •Individual consequences •X-Reading •Beer bottle counts •Daily audits •Suspensions/Termination #4 Escalating Consequences
  • 28. Brand Oz Used Oz Sold Oz Missing % Missing Glenfiddich 2.45 1.5 -0.95 -38.8% Rung up by Karla at 11:45pm on check #13746 Daily Audits
  • 30. Train bartenders to pour draft
  • 31. Track losses in real-time using flow meters 16.98oz pour = 2-½ oz over-pour Pint not rung up Get text alerts in real-time: • If beer isn’t rung up • If beer is poured after-hours • If cooler temperature rises
  • 32. Know where losses are going
  • 33. Real-time inventory Month-end inventory valuation Better ordering
  • 34. Flow meter ROI is very high Calculate the Return-on-Investment 20%-30% losses 100%+ ROI: if you sell at least ½ keg per week per tap
  • 35. FOBS pay for themselves
  • 36. Why is head good?
  • 37. Looking After Regulars: Over-Pouring vs. Comping
  • 38. How are you looking after your regulars? •Over-pouring •Impossible to manage •Who gets over-pour? •How big a portion? •Taken for granted by your guests •Very expensive: •Over-poured drink becomes the new “normal”
  • 39. •Comping •Easily managed •Who is being comped?; by whom?; how often? •Highly valued by your guests •Much cheaper Best practice: Manager must sign off on comp How are you looking after your regulars?
  • 40. Better Ordering: Constantly adjusting pars are the key
  • 41. Inefficient Ordering •Why are you “out-of-stock” so often when you have $8,000 too much inventory? •How come we have 2 full bottles of Galliano but we haven’t sold a Harvey Wallbanger since 1974?
  • 42. Inefficient Ordering •Liquor Salesman •Empty Bottle > Full Bottle •Bar Manager’s experience & intuition •Historical Pars
  • 43. Just-in-Time Inventory Japanese Management Practice
  • 44. Ordering with InteliPar 1) Calculate peak weekly usage 2) Add a safety margin/”buffer” 3) Adjust for changing usage patterns 4) Accounts for lag time until delivery
  • 45. How much inventory? 33¢ for every $1 of sales Turnover ratio of 35x
  • 46. What is Turnover Ratio? Cost of Goods Sold during the Past 12 Months Current Inventory Value = 35 ÷
  • 47. Eliminate Excess Inventory •Pour as well liquor •Drink Specials •Use it in the kitchen •Sell it to your staff at cost •Give it away – sales contest
  • 49. SPEED KEY DOUBLE JACK DANIELS GREY GOOSE MARTINI Dumbing down your P.O.S.
  • 50. Dumbing down your P.O.S. •“Speed keys” turn a $20,000 POS system into a $200 register
  • 51. Double keys = lost profits Drink Price Profit Up-sell Profit Drink Price Profit Up-sell Profit Well tequila $3.50 $3.12 Patron Anejo $10.00 $7.12 $4.00 “Double” key adds $2.50 to price Dbl Well teq $6.00 $5.20 Dbl Patron $12.50 $6.75 $1.55 Drink Price Profit Up-sell Profit “Double” key adds $2.50 to price
  • 52. Martini bump keys = lost profits Drink Price Profit Up-sell Profit 5.50 Drink Price Profit Up-sell Profit Well vodka $3.50 $3.20 Grey Goose $6.50 $5.00 $1.80 Martini “bump” key adds $2.50 to price Well martini $6.00 $5.40 Goose martini $9.00 $6.00 60¢ Martini “bump” key adds $2.50 to price
  • 53. Every drink at optimal price Drink Price Profit Up-sell Profit Well vodka $3.50 $3.20 Grey Goose $6.50 $5.00 $1.80 Well martini $5.50 $4.90 Goose martini $10.50 $7.00 $2.10
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