Development of Logic

1. Historical development of
LOGI

2. A
R
I
S
T
O
T
L
E

3. FOUNDER OF
LOGIC

4. SIX TREATIES ON
LOGICAL MATTERS

5. 1 Categories
Discusses 10 Aristotle’s basic kinds of
entities:
• Substance
• Quantity
• Quality
• Relation
• Place
• Time
• Position
• State
• Action
• Passion

6. However….
It has little to do with
logic in the modern
sense.

7. 2 On interpretation
Includes a statement of
Aristotle’s semantics, along with
a study of the structure of
certain basic kinds of
propositions and their
interrelations.

8. 3 Prior analytics
Containing the
theory of
syllogistic.

9. 4 Posterior analytics
Presents Aristotle’s theory of
“scientific demonstration” in his
special sense. This is Aristotle’s
account of the philosophy of
science or scientific
methodology.

10. 5 topics
Contains a study of non-
demonstrative reasoning.
It is a miscellany of how
to conduct a good
argument.

11. 6 Sophistic Refutations
A discussion of various kinds
of fallacies. It was originally
intended as a ninth book of
the Topics.

12. ZENO
The
STOIC

13. He is a Greek Philosopher who
was also known as Zeno of
Citium, who was born in
Citium, Cyprus. Little is known
of his early life except that his
contemporaries referred to him
as a Phoenician.

14. Zeno founded his
own school of
philosophy, known as
STOICISM.

15. Stoicism had a
powerfully developed
system of philosophy,
which covered logic,
ethics and physics.

16. POPHYRIUS

17. He is a Neoplatonist Philosopher
who was also know as Poryphy
from tyre in Phoenicia. He
studied with Longinus in Athens
and then with Plotinus in Rome
from 263–269 C.E. and became
a follower of the latter's version
of Platonism.

18. Isagoge, which was written
by Poryphyr in Greek and
translated by Boethius in
Latin became the standard
textbook on logic for at least
a millennium after his death
in 304 A. D.

19. Severinus
Boethius

20. He was a Roman Christian
Philosopher who translated
Aristotle’s Organon and
Porpyrius’ Isagoge and became
an important figure in bridging
the world of ancient philosophy
and the middle ages.

21. A
V
I
C
E
N
N
a

22. Abu ‘Ali al-Husayn ibn Sina is
better known in Europe by the
Latinized name “Avicenna.” He is
probably the most significant
philosopher in the Islamic
tradition and arguably the most
influential philosopher of the pre-
modern era.

23. Averros

24. Abu al-Walid Muhammad ibn Ahmad
ibn Rushd, better known in the Latin
West as Averroes, lived during a
unique period in Western intellectual
history, in which interest in
philosophy and theology was waning
in the Muslim world and just
beginning to flourish in Latin
Christendom.

25. FOR AVICENNA AND
AVERROS
They both wrote
commentaries on
Aristotle’s
Organon.

26. St. Thomas
Aquinas

27. He was born in the Kingdom of Naples at
Rocca Secca purportedly between the
years 1225 and 1227. When he was
transferred to Frederick II’s University of
Naples, he was introduced to the new
Dominican order and most likely where
he was first introduced to the works
of Aristotle, Averroes and Maimonides
that would have such a profound
influence on him.

28. He presented his
intensive commentaries
on the logical work of
Aristotle called the
Comprehensive Science
of Logic.

29. Francis
Beacon

30. He wrote a Philosophical work entitled
“Novum Organum” which was written in
Latin and published in 1620. The title is a
reference to Aristotle's work Organon,
which was his treatise
on logic and syllogism. In Novum
Organum, Beacon details a new system of
logic he believes to be superior to the old
ways of syllogism. This is now known as
the “Baconian method”.

31. George
Boole

32. He was known to be
the father of the
New Symbolic Logic.

33. I-BEE
Prepared by: