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Novel design of a low cost microstripline fed shorted patch antenna
1.
International Journal of
Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS AND 0976 – 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October- December (2012), © IAEME COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (IJECET) ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print) ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October- December (2012), pp. 235-239 IJECET © IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijecet.asp Journal Impact Factor (2012): 3.5930 (Calculated by GISI) ©IAEME www.jifactor.com Novel Design of a Low Cost Microstripline-fed Shorted Patch Antenna for Communication Applications Vanishree S B1, P.A.Ambresh2, G.A.Bidkar3, R.M.Vani4, P.V. Hunagund5 1, 2, 3, 5 Microwave Electronics Research Laboratory, Department Of P.G. Studies & Research in Applied Electronics, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga-585106 (INDIA). 4 University Science Instrumentation centre Gulbarga University, Gulbarga-585106 (INDIA). E-mail:vanishrig@gmail.com, ambreshpa@rediffmail.com, gabidkar@rediffmail.com, prabhakar_hunagund@yahoo.co.in, vanirm12@rediffmail.com Abstract Features such as low profile, light weight, easily mounted and broad bandwidth are the key characteristics for antenna designed for communication applications. The microstrip antenna suits the features mentioned except for its narrow bandwidth and low gain. The bandwidth of the microstrip antenna usually ranges from less than 1% to several percent. This paper experimentally investigates an alternative approach in enhancing the bandwidth of the microstrip antenna for the various communication applications operating for S & C band frequency. The bandwidth enhancement technique which is studied is the Microstrip line-fed shorted patch antenna (MSFSPA). Results show a bandwidth enhancement of 23.29 % with better return loss of -18.38dB and -12.96 dB along with good radiation characteristics. Keywords: Microstripline fed, Bandwidth, Light weight, Vector network analyzer, Communication, Dielectric constant. Introduction A design of low cost broadband antenna to cover wide frequency range has become a more challenge in today’s communication applications. This is because of the demand in mobile communication and its subsystems [1]. The antenna size should be small enough to fit into the modern communication systems equipment. In communication system applications, microstrip antenna plays a major role due to their several advantages such as low fabrication cost, conformability and ease of integration with feed network and so on [2]. From literature survey it is seen that improvement in the bandwidth of the microstrip patch antenna can be achieved and are found suitable for many broadband applications [3]. With increase in substrate thickness, use of low dielectric constant substrate, feeding techniques and use of 235
2.
International Journal of
Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October- December (2012), © IAEME slots on the patch can result in wideband operation of an antenna [4, 5].A shorted patch antenna with a shorting wall are generally a quarter-wavelength structure [6], and thus a compact antenna size at a fixed operating frequency can be obtained. Recently, this kind of shorted-patch antenna fed by an inset microstrip line has been reported [7], in which the shorted patch and the inset microstrip feed line both have a thin dielectric substrate, and narrow impedance bandwidth is expected. In this paper, we present a novel design and construction of a low cost microstripline-fed shorted patch antenna (MSFSPA) with a wide impedance bandwidth (1:1.5 VSWR) of about 23 % suitable for applications in communication system. Comparative studies of the antennas with and without slots of different size suspended through air substrate (dimensions) have been presented. The proposed antenna with slots shows a considerable increase in bandwidth and return loss when compared to conventional antenna. Design and Results The art work of the microstripline-fed shorted patch antenna with V- slot (MSFSPA-V) is carried out using AutoCAD 2011 computer software and the schematic of the designed microstripline- fed shorted patch antenna with V-slot is shown in Fig.1. The dimensions of etched copper patch with length L = 36.30 mm and width W = 47.32 mm and is suspended above the substrate at a height of h = 1.6mm. The antenna is fed by microstripline feed technique which is also suspended above the air substrate at height t = 3.2 mm. The design parameters are calculated and are shown in Table.1. Table.1 Antenna design parameters Antenna design parameters Dimensions (mm) Wf 27.28 Lf 18.78 d 5.5 h1 12.8 Using the design equations [8], the calculated length and width of the ground plane Lg X Wg are = 110 X 130 mm. The dimensions calculated are the functions of λo, where λo is free space wavelength. Since the patch is fed through microstripline technique its main advantage is that, the feed is directly connected to the copper patch providing maximum flow of current through it. Fig.1 Designed microstrip line-fed shorted patch antenna V- slot (MSFSPA-V) 236
3.
International Journal of
Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October- December (2012), © IAEME The V-slots are etched on the copper plate suspended above substrate at a height h1= 12.8 mm. The slot dimensions are l = 15 mm and w = 4 mm. These slot dimensions are function of free space wavelength λo. The radiating patch is shorted to the ground by a pair of shorting plates of proper widths, and the shorted patch is directly fed by a 50 microstrip feed line. Also, in this design, both the shorted patch and the microstrip feed line have an air substrate and thus the material cost of the proposed antenna is considerably reduced. The proposed antenna is experimentally tested on Vector Network Analyzer (Rohde and Schwarz, Germany make ZVK model 1127.8651) for the frequency range 0.5 MHz to 6 GHz. The designed frequency for the microstripline-fed shorted patch antenna is 1.8 GHz. It is found that the proposed designed showed two resonant frequencies characterizing dual band nature suitable for communication applications. Fig. 2 shows the variation of return loss (RL) Vs frequency characteristic of the proposed antenna with corresponding resonant fr1 fr2 Return loss curve Fig.2 Return loss Vs frequency characteristics of MSFSPA frequency fr1 = 3.62 GHz and fr2 = 4.99 GHz having -18.71 dB and -12.96 dB return loss at resonant frequency respectively. The calculated bandwidths are 14.25 % (800 MHz) at fr1 = 3.62 GHz and 8.07% (320 MHz) at fr2 = 4.99 GHz. The practical bandwidth of this antenna is calculated using equation (1). It is also seen that the radiation patterns are linearly polarized and broadsided in nature as shown in Fig. 3. BW= f2-f1/fc*100 ----------------------------- (1) Where f2= higher frequency, f1= lower frequency, fc= centre frequency (a) (b) Fig. 3 Measured radiation patterns at 3.62 GHz and 4.99 GHz From Fig. 3 it is also clear that the antenna shows better cross polarization level as low as -5 dB. 237
4.
International Journal of
Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October- December (2012), © IAEME Conclusion Finally, the measurements of Microstripline-fed shorted patch antenna on glass epoxy dielectric material for mobile, wireless and communication applications have been investigated and presented. The performance properties are analyzed for the optimized dimensions and the proposed antenna works well at the required frequency for both S & C- band. Acknowledgements Authors would like to thank, Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India, New Delhi, for sanctioning Vector Network Analyzer to this Department under FIST Project. References [1] Wang Kin-Lu., Compact and microstrip Antennas (2002), John Wiley and sons Inc. [2] Fujjimoto K. and James J.R., Mobile Antenna System Handbook (2001), 2nd Edition, Artech House Inc. [3] Vaughan R. G. and Anderson J.B. (1987), “Antenna Diversity in Mobile Communication”, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 49, pp.954- 960. [4] Lin Shun-Yun and Kuagn-Chih .Huang (2005), “A Compact Microstrip Antenna For GP and DCS Application”, IEEE Trans on Antenna and Propag., Vol.53,No 3, pp.1227-1229. [5] Su S. W. and J H. Chou (2008), “Low Cost Flat Metal Plate Dipole Antenna for 2.4/5 GHz WLAN Operation”, Microw. Opt. Tech. Lett., Vol. 50, pp .1686-1687. [6] Wang H.Y. and M.J. Lancaster (1999), “Aperture-coupled thin-film superconducting meander line antennas”, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 47, pp. 829-836. [7] Palaniswamy V. and Garg R. (1985), “Rectangular ring and H-shaped microstrip antennas Alternatives to rectangular patch antenna”, Electron Lett., Vol. 21, pp.874- 876. [8] Bidkar G. A. (2011), “Planar Inverted-L (PIL) Patch Antenna for Mobile Communication”, International Journal of Electronic and Electrical Engineering. Vol. 4, No. 1, pp.117-122. Author’s Biography Smt. Vanishri S B received her B.Sc., degree from Smt. Veeramma Gangasiri college for women, Karnataka State Women’s University, Bijapur in the year 2008 and M.Sc., degree from the Department of P.G. Studies & Research in Applied Electronics, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga in the year 2011 respectively. Currently, she is pursuing her M.Phil. degree in the Dept. of P.G. Studies & Research in Applied Electronics, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga in the field of Microwave Electronics. 238
5.
International Journal of
Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October- December (2012), © IAEME October Mr. Ambresh P A received the M.Tech degree in Communication Systems Engineering from Poojya. Doddappa Appa College of Engineering, Gulbarga, Karanataka in the year 2008. He has worked for his Ph.D degree in the field of Microwave Electronics in the Department of P. G. Studies & Research in Applied Electronics, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga, Karnataka and also concluded his research work and submitted Gulbarga, the synopsis and likely to submit the Ph.D thesis shortly for adjudication. He is the recipient of Govt. of India fellowship for his Ph.D program. He has presented the Ph. research papers in National/ International conferences in India and abroad. His research interest involves design, development and parametric performance study of microstrip antenna for RF/Microwave frontfront-ends. He is also researching antenna design for searching GPS/IMT-2000/WLAN/WiMax application. 2000/WLAN/WiMax G. A. Bidkar received the B.E. degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering from P.D.A College of Engineering, Gulbarga in 1986 and M.E. degree in Power ollege ulbarga Electronics in 2000 from PP.D.A College of Engineering, Gulbarga. He has submitted . his Ph.D thesis to the Department of Applied Electronics, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga. He is serving as Assistant Professor and HOD of E&CE in VDRIT, Haliyal, Karnataka, since April 2007. He has also served in SDMCET, Dharwad, during 2000-07. His research 07. interests are Wireless Communication and Applications of Smart Antennas in Mobile Communication. He is the member of IETE and ISTE. Prof. (Dr) P V Hunagund received his M.Sc in Department of Applied Electronics, ed Gulbarga University, Gulbarga in the year 1981. In the year 1992, he received Ph.D degree from Gulbarga University, Gulbarga. From 1981 to 1993, he was lecturer in the Gulbarga. Department of Applied Electronics, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga. From 1993 to Gulbarga. 2003, he was a Reader in Dept. of Applied Electronics, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga. From 2003 to 2009, he was a Professor and Chairman of Dept. of Applied Electronics, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga. Currently, he is working as a Professor in the Department of Applied Electronics Gulbarga University, Gulbarga since 2010. He is the Coordinator of the Non Non-SAP project funded by UGC, New Delhi. He has published more than 1 0 papers in referred journals and 180 conference proceedings. He is active researcher in the field of Microwave antennas for various RF & researcher wireless based applications. His research interest is also towards Microprocessors, Microcontrollers and Instrumentation. He has completed three major research projects funded by A.I.C.T.E and D.S.T., D. New Delhi. Dr.Vani. R.M. received her B.E. in Electrical and Electronics from the B.I.ET., Davanagere and M.Tech in Industrial Electronics from S.J.C.E., Mysore, Karnataka. She has received her Ph.D in Applied Electronics from Gulbarga University, Gulbarga, India, in year 2005. She is working as Reader & Head, University Science Instrumentation Center, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga, since 1995. She has more than 90 research publications in national and international reputed journals/Conference proceedings. She presented the research papers in National/ International conferences in India and abroad. She has conducted several courses, workshops for the benefits of faculties and field engineers. Her areas of faculties interest are microwave antennas, PC based instrumentation, Embedded controllers and Wireless communication. She has one UGC major research project to her credit. 239
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