1. International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 0976 – MANAGEMENT (IJM)
OF 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 - 6510(Online),
Volume 5, Issue 1, January (2014), © IAEME
ISSN 0976-6502 (Print)
ISSN 0976-6510 (Online)
Volume 5, Issue 1, January (2014), pp. 102-105
© IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijm.asp
Journal Impact Factor (2013): 6.9071 (Calculated by GISI)
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IJM
©IAEME
EFFECT OF S.A.Q TRAINING ON VITAL CAPACITY AMONG HOCKEY
PLAYERS
Dr. K. Devaraju
Director of Physical Education,
DR. Sivanthi Aditanar College of Engineering, Tiruchendur-628 215.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of S.A.Q training on vital
capacity among Hockey players.
METHOD: For the present study 30 male hockey players from Dr. Sivanthi Aditanar College of
Engineering, Tiruchendur, Tamilnadu were selected at random and their age ranged from 18 to 25
years. For the present study pre test – post test randomized group design which consists of control
group and experimental group was used. The subjects were randomly assigned to two equal groups
of fifteen each and named as Group ‘A’ and Group ‘B’. Group ‘A’ underwent S.A.Q training and
Group ‘B’ underwent no training. The data was collected before and after six weeks of training. The
data was analyzed by applying Dependent‘t’ test to find out the effect of S.A.Q training programme.
The level of significance was set at 0.05.
RESULT: The findings of the present study have strongly indicates that S.A.Q training of six weeks
has significant effect on Vital Capacity of Hockey players. Hence the hypothesis earlier set that
S.A.Q training would have been significant effect on Vital Capacity in light of the same the
hypothesis is accepted.
CONCLUSION: Significant effect of S.A.Q training was found on Vital Capacity.
KEY WORDS: Hockey, vital capacity.
INTRODUCTION
Speed, agility, and quickness (S.A.Q.) training has become a popular way to train athletes.
Whether they are school children on a soccer field or professional in a training camp, they can all
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2. International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 - 6510(Online),
Volume 5, Issue 1, January (2014), © IAEME
benefit from speed, agility, and quickness training. This method has been around for several years,
but it is not used by all athletes primarily due to a lack of education regarding the drills. Speed,
agility, and quickness training may be used to increase speed or strength, or the ability to exert
maximal force during high-speed movements. Some benefits of speed, agility, and quickness training
include increases in muscular power in all multiplanar movements; brain signal efficiency;
kinaesthetic or body spatial awareness; motor skills; and reaction time.
The name hockey is thought to have originated from the French word ‘hocquet’, meaning a
crooked stick or shepherd’s crook. Field hockey is a popular sport for men and women in many
countries around the world. In most countries, especially those in which ice hockey is not very
prominent, it is simply known as hockey. Field hockey has several regular and prestigious
international tournaments for both men and women. These events include the Olympic Games, the
quadrennial World Hockey Cups, the annual Champions Trophies, and World Cups for juniors.
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of SAQ training on vital capacity
among Hockey players.
HYPOTHESIS
It was hypothesized that there would have been a significant effect of SAQ training on vital
capacity among hockey players.
PROCEDURE AND METHODOLOGY
For the present study 30 male hockey players from Dr. Sivanthi Aditanar College of
Engineering, Tiruchendur, Tamilnadu were selected as subjects at random and their age ranged from
18 to 25 years. For the present study pre test – post test randomized group design which consists of
control group and experimental group was used. The subjects were randomly assigned to two equal
groups of fifteen each and named as Group ‘A’ and Group ‘B’. Group ‘A’ underwent S.A.Q training
and Group ‘B’ underwent no training. The data was collected before and after six weeks of training.
The data was analyzed by applying Dependent ‘t’ test technique to find out the effect of S.A.Q
training on selected physiological variables among hockey players. The level of significance was set
at 0.05.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS ON FINDINGS
The findings pertaining to‘t’ test between experimental group and control group on vital
capacity among hockey players for pre-post test respectively have been presented in table No.1 to 2.
Table – 1: Significance of Mean Gains & Losses between Pre and Post Test Scores on Vital
Capacity of SAQ Training Group and Control Group
S.No
Variables
Pre-Test
Mean
1
Experimental
Control
1.56
1.57
Post-Test
Mean
Vital Capacity
3.17
1.63
103
Mean
difference
Std.
Dev
(±)
1.60
0.05
0.37
0.27
σ DM
‘t’ Ratio
0.09
0.07
16.60*
0.81

3. International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 - 6510(Online),
Volume 5, Issue 1, January (2014), © IAEME
An examination of table-I indicates that the obtained‘t’ ratios of experimental group was
16.60 for vital capacity. The obtained‘t’ ratios on vital capacity were found to be greater than the
required table value of 2.14 at 0.05 level of significance for 14 degrees of freedom. So it was found
to be significant. The obtained‘t’ ratios on vital capacity for control group was found to be lesser
than the required table value of 2.14 at 0.05 level of significance for 14 degrees of freedom. So it was
found to be insignificant.
Figure: 1 Comparisons of Pre – Test Means Post – Test Means for Experimental
And Control Groups in Vital Capacity
In case of Vital Capacity the results between pre and post (6 weeks) test has been found
significantly higher in experimental group in comparison to control group. This is possible because
S.A.Q training is currently one of the most commonly practised adult fitness activities which directly
contribute to performance enhancement of hockey players. Hence the hypothesis earlier set that
S.A.Q training programme would have been significant effect on vital capacity in light of the same
the hypothesis was accepted.
CONCLUSIONS
On the basis of findings and within the limitations of the study the following conclusions
were drawn: Significant effect of SAQ training was found on Vital Capacity.
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4. International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 - 6510(Online),
Volume 5, Issue 1, January (2014), © IAEME
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