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New Outside Air Control Solutions to Cut Your Carbon Footprint & Save Energy Gordon  P. Sharp Chairman Aircuity, Inc Case Study Example:  Bank of America Tower, NYC
Session Overview ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
IEQ – Energy Dynamics of Green Buildings ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],What do current standards and research say about  optimum outside air ventilation performance? IEQ & Energy Efficiency Performance
What do the Guidelines Say About Outside Air? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],From Trane “Co2-Based Demand Controlled Ventilation  with ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004” Engineers Newsletter 34-5
What do the Guidelines Say About Outside Air? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What Does the Recent O.A. Research Say? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
So What Outside Airflow Should be Used?   ,[object Object],[object Object],In reality, there is no one best ventilation level!  … .The “best” level varies over time, so what can be done? Facilities Env. Health & Safety ASHRAE 62.1-2004 Recent Research
What about Demand Control Ventilation? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Is DCV a good approach then for saving energy while also improving and validating IEQ?
Unfortunately, Experience w/ DCV is often poor: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Demand Control Ventilation when used, is often disabled!
LBNL* CO 2  Field Sensor Study Paper Results 10% Dead 81% Read High (avg. 39%!) 9% Low (½ by 50%) No trends observed with 44 sensors vs site, mfg, or age! *  Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Paper, recently presented at ASHRAE 2009 Winter Conference
Typical DCV Performance Based on LBNL Outside Air CFM Error % of Required 64% 27% 7%
CO2 Sensor Study Results from Iowa Energy Center
Traditional Sensors Not Up to DCV Task ,[object Object],[object Object],± 75PPM  +  ±75PPM  =  ±150PPM   ASHRAE says: Ventilation control needs  differential  CO 2  measurement Return Air Outside Air Even w/calibrated sensors, avg outside air can be 67% high! Result: Significant energy penalty 400 600 500
Unfortunately Conventional DCV is Also Flawed ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Typical response: Disable DCV & increase O.A.  RESULT: Increased Energy Costs
Solution: Multi-parameter DCV or “Healthy” DCV ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Vary outside air rates based on  actual  air cleanliness!
ASHRAE Support of Sensing More Than CO2: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Benefits of Varying Outside Air based on IEQ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Sounds great, but can it be done cost effectively?
Conventional Sensing with Many Sensors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
A New Approach: Multiplexed Sensing  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Room 101 Room 102 AHU 2 -1 Sensor Suite BMS Web based data access
Multiplexed Sensing Operation Room  101 Room  102 Room  103 Outdoor Air Probe Web Based User Interface Sensor Suite Air Data Router Room Sensor Vacuum Pump Connectivity Server
Benefits of Multiplexed Sensing Concept ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Cost effective, accurate bldg data for ventilation control
Economizers – “Free Cooling” w/ More Outside Air ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Diff. Enthalpy Economizer Savings Potential ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Economizer Savings Study, ASHRAE No. 3200, 1989, P.C. Wacker, P.E. City No Economizer 70º  Dry-bulb Single Enthalpy Differential Enthalpy Madison, WI 0% 11% 11% 27% Lake Charles, LA 0% 3% 3% 9% New York, NY 0% 12% 11% 33% Los Angeles, CA 0% 51% 33% 76% Seattle, WA 0% 25% 35% 51% Albuquerque, NM 0% 7% 14% 22%
ASHRAE Humidity Control Design Guide ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Multiplexed Dewpoint Sensing for Economizers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Case Study – LEED Project ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Case Study – LEED & DCV Projects ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Case Study: Large Energy Retrofit  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Multi-parameter DCV Case Study: Arena ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CO2 ~ 3 days Concert NHL Hockey Indoor Soccer
The Controversy Around Air Change Rates ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The “human” factor There is no one ventilation rate that is right all the time!
Impact of Higher Air Changes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Relative contaminant level: 27 PPM (black)
Impact of Higher Air Changes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Relative contaminant level: 2.5 PPM (light blue): Factor of 10 improvement!
Lab Application: Dynamic Control of Lab ACH ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Hoods Thermal Load Ventilation rate (cfm) 2- 4 ACH  6-8 ACH* 6-12 ACH  10-20 ACH* VAV VAV Constant ACH / Dilution Requirement Significant energy waste *vivariums VAV
Dynamic ACH Control Saves Energy Safely ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],System responds to great majority of contaminants with high ACH’s vs.  a lower fixed ACH rate
2008 Lab IEQ Performance Monitoring Study  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Lab IEQ Performance Monitoring Study  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Average of TVOC Data for All Sites: 1.5M Hrs Using LEED flush-out threshold of 0.18 PPM:  Low ACH can be used 99.4% of time  Represents 1 hour  or ~ 4 events week
Average TVOC Levels at 18 Different Sites At ~0.2PPM,  site value range:  ~ .05% to 2.25%  Average for all sites Significant savings at all sites
Average Differential Particle Levels For All Sites Using threshold of 1.0M PCF: Lowest airflow 99.6%  On average each lab has 2 particle events per week
Avg. Differential Particle Levels at 18 Sites At 1M PCF,  Site value range: ~ 0% to 1.4% Average Level Data shows significant savings at all sites
Case Study: Arizona State University ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Biodesign B Aircuity Pilot Project
TVOC Performance Before & With Dynamic ACH Dynamic ACH control saved energy & reduced lab TVOCs!
Current Status of ASU Project ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Multiplexed Facility Sensing Summary ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Gordon Sharp Handout

  • 1. New Outside Air Control Solutions to Cut Your Carbon Footprint & Save Energy Gordon P. Sharp Chairman Aircuity, Inc Case Study Example: Bank of America Tower, NYC
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  • 10. LBNL* CO 2 Field Sensor Study Paper Results 10% Dead 81% Read High (avg. 39%!) 9% Low (½ by 50%) No trends observed with 44 sensors vs site, mfg, or age! * Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Paper, recently presented at ASHRAE 2009 Winter Conference
  • 11. Typical DCV Performance Based on LBNL Outside Air CFM Error % of Required 64% 27% 7%
  • 12. CO2 Sensor Study Results from Iowa Energy Center
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  • 20. Multiplexed Sensing Operation Room 101 Room 102 Room 103 Outdoor Air Probe Web Based User Interface Sensor Suite Air Data Router Room Sensor Vacuum Pump Connectivity Server
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  • 30. CO2 ~ 3 days Concert NHL Hockey Indoor Soccer
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  • 38. Average of TVOC Data for All Sites: 1.5M Hrs Using LEED flush-out threshold of 0.18 PPM: Low ACH can be used 99.4% of time Represents 1 hour or ~ 4 events week
  • 39. Average TVOC Levels at 18 Different Sites At ~0.2PPM, site value range: ~ .05% to 2.25% Average for all sites Significant savings at all sites
  • 40. Average Differential Particle Levels For All Sites Using threshold of 1.0M PCF: Lowest airflow 99.6% On average each lab has 2 particle events per week
  • 41. Avg. Differential Particle Levels at 18 Sites At 1M PCF, Site value range: ~ 0% to 1.4% Average Level Data shows significant savings at all sites
  • 42.
  • 43. Biodesign B Aircuity Pilot Project
  • 44. TVOC Performance Before & With Dynamic ACH Dynamic ACH control saved energy & reduced lab TVOCs!
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