2. Adversity
chaos
ecological threat
social interactions
World view
Social theory
trust/safety
vigilance
defense
SNS
HPA
biological defense responses
• neural remodeling
• inflammation & impaired antiviral resp.
• niche selection (smoke, alcohol, activity)
Disease
How do we measure?
How do we change?
4. 3 questions of recent interest:
How powerful is psychological resilience
in biological health?
How can we measure “threat” and
“resilience”?
How can we change them?
7. How should we live?
How often do you feel happy?
How often do you feel satisfied?
Keyes MHC-SF - Hedonic
Life has direction and meaning?
Grow and become a better person?
Keyes MHC-SF – Eudaimonic
Fredrickson et al., PNAS, 2013
9. 3 questions of recent interest:
Does psychological resilience really
matter for biological health?
How can we measure the “threat
psychology” that drives effects of
adversity?
12. 3 questions of recent interest:
Does psychological resilience really
matter for biological health?
How can we measure the “threat
psychology” that drives effects of
adversity?
How can we change threat psychology?
13.
14. Cultivating positive leukocytes
Cognitive-behavioral
Antoni et al. (2012) Biological Psychiatry 71:366–372
Mindfulness
Creswell et al. (2012) Brain, Behavior, & Immunity 26:1095-1101
Relaxation response / mindfulness
Bhasin et al. (2013) PLoS ONE, 8:e62817
Yogic meditation
Qu et al. (2013) PLoS ONE, 8:e61910
Black et al. (2013) Psychoneuroendocrinology, 38:348-55
Yoga
Bower et al. (2014) Psychoneuroendocrinology, 43:20-29
Tai Chi
Irwin et al. (2014) Journal of the National Cancer Institute, in press.
15. What if you can’t stand… medication? Or meditation?
Maybe try just being nice!
16. Goetz et al., Psychological Bulletin, 2010
Porges, Psychophysiology, 1995
Porges, Int J Psychophys, 2001
18. sector eval: apps benchmarking study
new metrics: biomarkers/genomics
state analytics
- natural language
- big data
websystems: UCB Greater Good in Action
mobile apps: RULER Mood Meter
videogames: Re-Mission 2
SMS text: Text2Connect
wearables: Zamzee 2G & mApp
2. selection: evaluation infrastructure
1. mutation: tech development infrastructure
Accelerating the evolution of resilience technology
19. sector eval: apps benchmarking study
new metrics: biomarkers/genomics
state analytics
- natural language
- big data
websystems: UCB Greater Good in Action
mobile apps: RULER Mood Meter
videogames: Re-Mission 2
SMS text: Text2Connect
wearables: Zamzee 2G & mApp
2. selection: evaluation infrastructure
1. mutation: tech development infrastructure
Accelerating the evolution of resilience technology
31. Download from the App Store:
Mood Meter—Building your emotional intelligence
32. sector eval: apps benchmarking study
new metrics: biomarkers/genomics
state analytics
- natural language
- big data
websystems: UCB Greater Good in Action
mobile apps: RULER Mood Meter
videogames: Re-Mission 2
SMS text: Text2Connect
wearables: Zamzee 2G & mApp
2. selection: evaluation infrastructure
1. mutation: tech development infrastructure
Accelerating the evolution of resilience technology
33. sector eval: apps benchmarking study
new metrics: biomarkers/genomics
state analytics
- natural language
- big data
2. selection: evaluation infrastructure
1. mutation: tech development infrastructure
Accelerating the evolution of resilience technology
websystems: UCB Greater Good in Action
mobile apps: RULER Mood Meter
videogames: Re-Mission 2
SMS text: Text2Connect
wearables: Zamzee 2G & mApp
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41. sector eval: apps benchmarking study
new metrics: biomarkers/genomics
state analytics
- natural language
- big data
2. selection: evaluation infrastructure
1. mutation: tech development infrastructure
Accelerating the evolution of resilience technology
websystems: UCB Greater Good in Action
mobile apps: RULER Mood Meter
videogames: Re-Mission 2
SMS text: Text2Connect
wearables: Zamzee 2G & mApp
42. sector eval: apps benchmarking study
new metrics: biomarkers/genomics
state analytics
- natural language
- big data
2. selection: evaluation infrastructure
1. mutation: tech development infrastructure
Accelerating the evolution of resilience technology
websystems: UCB Greater Good in Action
mobile apps: RULER Mood Meter
videogames: Re-Mission 2
SMS text: Text2Connect
wearables: Zamzee 2G & mApp
43.
44.
45. Attentional path to Eudaimonia: direct attention away from the
self, and outward, toward others and the world around us.
How can we increase eudaimonic well-being?
The happiness that comes from having a sense of purpose and meaning in life….
“Attention is the rarest and purest form of generosity.”
~Simone Weil
46. sector eval: apps benchmarking study
new metrics: biomarkers/genomics
state analytics
- natural language
- big data
2. selection: evaluation infrastructure
1. mutation: tech development infrastructure
Accelerating the evolution of resilience technology
websystems: UCB Greater Good in Action
mobile apps: RULER Mood Meter
videogames: Re-Mission 2
SMS text: Text2Connect
wearables: Zamzee 2G & mApp
47. sector eval: apps benchmarking study
new metrics: biomarkers/genomics
state analytics
- natural language
- big data
2. selection: evaluation infrastructure
1. mutation: tech development infrastructure
Accelerating the evolution of resilience technology
websystems: UCB Greater Good in Action
mobile apps: RULER Mood Meter
videogames: Re-Mission 2
SMS text: Text2Connect
wearables: Zamzee 2G & mApp
48. Apps benchmarking study 2014
Assessed for Eligibilty
Randomized
> 18 years old
English fluent
Own iPhone, iOS ≥ 6.0
App-1
Live Happy
[happiness]
n=20
App-2
Happier
[happiness]
n=20
App-3
GPS-4-Soul
[mindfulness]
n=20
App-4
Calm
[mindfulness]
n=20
App-4
Weird Facts
[control]
n=20
Day 42 Survey, T3
Baseline
Mid-Study Assessments
End Study
Informed Consent
Day 0 Survey, T0
Dispense App
Day 10 Survey, T1
Day 20 Survey, T2
51. Resilience scale – culturally adapted for Nepal
1. I am able to depend on myself more than anyone else
2. I can be on my own if I have to
3. I usually take things in stride
4. I feel that I can handle many things at a time
5. I am determined
6. I can usually find something to laugh about
7. My belief in myself gets me through hard times
8. I have enough energy to do what I have to do
9. I am resilient
52. -0.5
-0.4
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Control
Mindfulness
Compassion
Control
Mindfulness
Compassion
Emory CALM study
PIs: Dr. Charles Raison, Tad Pace, Matthias Mehl
N = 119, genes = 41
blood sampled in 2012, age 25-55 yrs, 68% female
Mostly Emory University staff
* *
ChangeinCTRAgeneexpression
(proinflam–interferon–antibody)
UNC SOBC2 study
PI: Dr. Barbara Fredrickson
N = 91, genes = 52
blood sampled in 2013-2014, age 35-67 yrs, 73% female
Chapel Hill adults, UNC staff
Effect of meditation on CTRA gene expression
53. Summary
A mobile app that allows users to collect and share happy moments with people they care about. Users share
moments and things in their lives that make them happier and can record 3 positive things a day that make
them happy.
How does is work?
The application lets you choose from several different happiness promoting activities or by taking a quiz will
suggest the best ones for you. The app provides information as to why and how the particular activity
promotes happiness and about the different personality traits.
App-1 [happiness]
Live Happy
Examples of Activities
54. App-2 [happiness]
Happier
Summary
A mobile happiness boosting program that provides user’s with insight on their personality traits and provides
exercises to boost gratitude, optimism and social connections.
How does is work?
A user posts something, with our with a photo, that made them happy, such as a yummy taco or a visit with a
friend. A user can push out the post to Facebook or Twitter and tag friends who are also members of the
Happier community. Posts from other users can be browsed and commented on or liked.
55. App-3 [mindfulness]
GPS for the Soul
Summary
A mobile mindfulness boosting program that gives sensor feedback on current physical state (stressed or
calm) and provides guides for shifting your state through reflection or meditation.
How does is work?
A user can opt to go straight to one of the many provided guides or first measure their current state before
starting a guide. The phone’s camera is used as a photoplethysmograph and a user is told if they are stressed
or calm. A user can also create a custom guide with their own music, photos and quotes or use a custom guide
created and shared by another user.
56. App-4 [mindfulness]
Calm
Summary
A mobile app for meditation with images and sounds of nature.
How does is work?
The user choses a nature image to serve as the background. Each image has the natural associated sounds,
such as rain, waves or a breeze blowing through a field. The user can then customize the length of the
mediation session and if they want to activate the sleep mode. A user can also opt for a guided meditation
that focus on breath or posture.
57. App-5 [control condition]
Weird Facts
Summary
A mobile app that serves up one of 1000 an odd fact each time you open it.
How does is work?
When you open the app a random fact is on the screen. A user can opt to scroll through the pages of 1000 facts
or can close the app and be served up a different fact next time they open the app. That is all it does.
58. Attentional path to Eudaimonia: direct attention away from the
self, and outward, toward others and the world around us.
How can we increase eudaimonic well-being?
The happiness that comes from having a sense of purpose and meaning in life….
“Attention is the rarest and purest form of generosity.”
~Simone Weil
59.
60. Attentional path to Eudaimonia: direct attention away from the
self, and outward, toward others and the world around us.
Tomorrow, you are to perform three nice things for others,
all three in one day.
Tomorrow, you are to perform three nice things to improve the world,
all three in one day.
Tomorrow, you are to perform three nice things for yourself,
all three in one day.
Tomorrow, as you go about your day, please keep track of your activities.
Do not alter your routine in any way; simply keep track of what you do.
How can we increase eudaimonic well-being?
The happiness that comes from having a sense of purpose and meaning in life….
61. Psychology Department
Subject Pool
(n = 152)
Amazon Mechanical Turk
(n = 154)
Community
(n = 154)
Others
(n = 120)
World
(n = 118)
Self
(n = 118)
Control
(n = 116)
Positive emotions
Eudaimonic well-being
Social well-being
63. Attention as a key resource for resilience
#2
Direct attention toward others, to support empathy, compassion, connection
and the good personal health that comes from eudaimonic well-being.
Next step: Gene expression profiling blood in
UC Riverside random acts of kindness study.
Next step: EAR language markers of PCC.
Next step: mTech attentional interventions.
(S. Konrath, E. Falk, L. Weiss)
64. Natural language markers of “threat/safety” gene expression
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
Demog+BMI+Smoke
PsychScales
EARMeta
FunctionWords
PersonalPronouns
OtherFunctionWords
Predictivepowerforgeneexpression
(Fratio)
Emory CALM study PIs: Dr. Charles Raison, Tad Pace, Matthias Mehl
N = 144, blood sampled in 2012, age 25-56 yrs, 66% female
Mostly Emory University staff
EAR data from 1-week baseline period
*
*
*
*
*
*
65. Mehl language threat marker results
Good CTRA:
• more “they” less “we” and “I”
• Also: more conjunctions, less articles & adverbs
• Also: more DeepConvo, less TV; more talking, more alone
• New non-conscious objective metrics for impact.
• Language is the primary medium of community.
• And it is the primary interface to individual psychology. As long as we don’t get too
self-conscious about it. Which is exactly what happens in questionnaires.