The document discusses various techniques for improving Java application performance, including: 1. Using tools like JVisualVM and JConsole to analyze performance bottlenecks and determine where to focus optimization efforts. 2. Customizing the Java runtime environment through JVM options and garbage collection settings. 3. Following programming tips like using object scopes and final modifiers efficiently, choosing appropriate collection types, leveraging concurrency constructs properly. 4. Reading further on techniques involving Java I/O, NIO, locks, and lock-free programming.